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PROCEEDINGS

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OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF P II I L A D E L PHI A .

VOL. VII. 1854, 1855.

PHILADELPHIA.

1> R I N T E D F It T II E ACADEMY:
By Merrihew & Thompson, Merchant 6trect above Fourth.

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INDEX TO VOLUME VII.

Abert, Col. J. J., don. to lib., x.
Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum, don.

to lib., xii., xxix.
Acad. Royale des Sciences de Belgique,

don. to lib., xvi.
Acad. Nat. Sci. of California, don. to
mus., i.; extract from Proceedings of,
15.
Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, don.

to lib., ii.
Agnew, A. G. E., don. to lib., xxxv.
Albany Institute, don. to lib., xxxi.
Allen, J. Fisk, don. to lib., xxv.
Allen, William H., LL.D., don. to lib.,

xxxvrii.
American Association for the advance-
ment of Science, don. to lib., xxxv.
American Academy of Arts and Sci-
ences, don. to lib., viii., xxxiv.
American Journal of Science and Arts,
don. of, by Editors, i., v., viii., xi.,
xv., xvii., xxi., xxiii., xxvii., xxxi.,
xxxiv., xxxix.
American Geographical and Statistical

Society, don. to lib., xv.
American Ethnographical Society, don.

to lib., xii.
American Philosophical Society, don.

to lib., iii., xii., xxii., xxix.
Annals of Science, don. of, by Editor,

i., iii., v., vi.
Anthony, J. G., don. to lib., ix.
Annaboldi, G., don. to lib., xiii.
Adams, Capt. H. A., U. S. N., don. to

mus., xxx.
Ashhurst, John, don. to mus., xxxvii.
Ashmead, Chas. C, don. to mus., xxvi.
Ashmead, Samuel, don. to mus., i., xiv.,
xxiii., xxv., xxvi., xxxiii. ; remarks
on having noticed the fact that Colu-
ber eximius can produce a sound like
the rattle of the rattlesnake, and that
the black snake can produce a similar
sound, 345 ; catalogue of marine Al-
gae discovered at Beesley's Point, N.
J., 410.
Avogadro, Le Comte, don. to lib.; ii.

Baird, Prof. S. F., don. to lib., viii., x.,
xviii., xxix.; descriptions of new ge-
nera and species of North American
Frogs, 59 ; descriptions of new Birds
collected between Albuquerque, N.
M.,and San Francisco, Cal., 1853-4.
on the Pacific railroad route, under
Lieut. Whipple, 118; characteristics
of some new species of Mammalia,
collected by the U. S. and Mexican
Boundary Survey, Maj. Emory, Com-
missioner, part 1, 331 ; characteris-
tics of some new species of N. A.
Mammalia, collected chiefly in con-
nection with the U. S. surveys of a
railroad route to the Pacific, part 1,
333.
Baird, Prof., and C. Girard, descrip-
tions of new species of Fishes from
Texas, New Mexico and Sonora, col-
lected by Mr. J. H. Clark and Capt.
Van Vleit,24.
Bache, Prof. A. D., don. to lib., xvi.
Barton, Dr. E. H., don. to mus., xxi.,

don. to lib., xxii.
Bavarian Government, don. to lib., ix.,

xxxii.
Bender, E., don. to mus., xxvi.
Beesley, Thomas, don. to mus., xxv.,

xxvi.
Belfast Nat. Hist, and Philosoph. Soc,

don. to lib., x.
Blake, Wm. P., notice of remarkable
strata containing the remains of In-
fusoria and Polythalamia in the Ter-
tiary formation of Monterey, Cal.,
328.
Blanding, Dr. Wm., Jr. don to mus.,iv.
Bonaparte, Prince C. L., don. to lib.,

xxi.
Boston Nat. Hist. Soc, don. to lib.,
viii., xi., xii., xv., xx., xxii., xxiv.,
xxv., xxvii., xxviii., xvxiv., yvxv.,
xxxix.
Bouchardat, M., don. to lib., xx.
Brazier, A., don. to lib., xii., xxii.,
xxiii., xxiv., xxviii.

IV.

INDEX.

Breck, Samuel, don. to mus., xvi.

Bridges, Dr. R., don. lo lib., iii.

Brainard, Dr. B. H., don. to lib., xvii.

Brinton, Dr., remarks on a new mode
recently devised by him, for the pre-
paration of anatomical specimens,
71.

Briicke, Ernest., don. to lib., xxi.

Burtt, Dr. J. L., Q. S. N., don. to mus.,
xxvi., xxx.

Byrne, Bernard M., don. to lib., xxiv.

By-Laws, amendment of, 88.

California Acad, of Nat. Sci., don. to
lib., xv. , xxii., xxvii., xxxi., xxxv.

California State Superintendent of Pub-
lic Instruction, don. to lib., xii.

Cabanis, J., don. to lib., xiii.

Carpenter, G. W., don. to mus., i., don.
to lib., vi.

Carus, J. Victor, don. to lib., ix.

Carret, Thos. W., don. to mus., xxi.

Camac, Dr. Wm., don. to mus., xxvi.

Carson, Dr., don. to mus., xxxvii.

Cassin, John, don. to lib., xxxvi. ; re-
marks on the appearance of Loxia
leticoptera in great numbers in this
vicinity, 203 ; list of pigeons of the
genus Carpophaga, in the collections
of the Acad. Nat. Sci. and of the Ex-
plo. Exped. (Vincennesand Peacock)
with descriptions and notices of new
and little known species, 227 ; re-
marks on Grex prate?isis, a specimen
of which had been obtained near Sa-
lem, N. J., 265 ; notes on N. Amer.
Falconidae, with descriptions of new-
species, 277 ; reference to Ganis an-
tarcticics, and several species of
geese and other birds from the Falk-
land Islands, obtained by Capt. Bern-
see, 289 ; descriptions of new species
of Birds from Western Africa, in the
collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci. of
Philada., 324 ; remarks on the in-
tended expedition of M. Duchaillu
into the interior of West Africa, and
on the results of his former expedi-
tions in that country, 410; notices of
some new and little known Birds in
the collection of the U. S. Explo.
Exped., in the Vincennes and Pea-
cock, and in the collection of the A.
N. S. of Philada., 438.

Charleston Med. Journ. and Review,
don. of, by Editors, v., xii., xv., xxi. .
xxii., xxiv., xxvii., xxxiv., xl.

Coates, B. H., don. to lib., xxii.

Coleman, Dr., don. to mus., xiii.,
xxxvii.

Commissioner of Indian Affairs, don. to
lib., viii., ix.

Committee to recommend to the Go-
vernment the propriety of having Na-
turalists attached to the expedition
for the exploration of Africa, 2.

Committee to solicit contributions from
the members of the Academy, to aid
the expedition of M. Duchaillu into
Western Africa, 40.

Committees, standing,for 1854,14 ; for
1855, 264.

Committees on scientific papers : By
Chas. Girard ; on a new Entomos-
tracan of the family Limnadidae, in-
habiting the western waters, 1 ; on a
new species of Salmonidae, 71 ; a list
of North American Bufonides, with
diagnosis of new species, 72 ; descrip-
tion of new fishes collected on the
Southern Pacific railroad route, 126 ;
enumeration of marine fishes col-
lected at San Francisco, Cal., 127 ;
observations on fishes from the Pa-
cific, 128; characteristics of some
cartilaginous Fishes from the Pacific
coast of N. America, 195 ; on Fishes
collected on the coast of Chili, 195;
abstract of a report to Lieut. Gilliss.
upon R ptiles collected during the
U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedi-
tion to Chili, 202 ; observations on
viviparous fishes inhabiting the Pa-
cific coast of N. America, with an
enumeration of the species observed,
289 : By Dr. A. T. King, on the an-
cient Alluvium of the Ohio River and
its tributaries, 1 ; description of fos-
sil Trees found in the coal rocks near
Greensbuijjh, Pa., 35 ; description of
a fossil Fruit found in the carbonife-
rous rocks of Beaver county, Pa., 35 :
By Mr. Conrad, synopsis of the ge-
nera Parapholas and Penicilla, 2;
rectification of the generic names of
tertiary fossil Shells, 23; notes on
Shells with descriptions of new spe-
cies, 23 ; descriptions of new species
of Qnio, 256; observations on the
Eocene deposit of Mississippi, with
descriptions of new species of Shells
and Corals, 256; descriptions of new
cretaceous and tertiary fossils, 264 ;
descriptions of new species of cre-
taceous Shells from Texas, 264 ; de-
scription of a new species of Mela-
nia, 264 ; notes on the Miocene and
Post-Pliocene deposits of California,

INDEX.

V.

with descriptions of two new fossil
Corals, and description of a new spe-
cies of Pentamenis, 119 : By Major
Le Conte, notice of American Ani-
mals formerly known, but now for-
gotten or lost, 2 ; observations on
Vespertilio leporinus, and descrip-
tions of (our new species of Kinoster-
num, 174 ; descriptions of new spe-
cies of Astacus from Georgia ; on a
new species of Gelasimus ; remarks
on a new species of American Cimex,
399; observations on N. American
Bats; descriptive catalogue of Ra-
ninae, 419 ; description of a new spe-
cies of Hesperomys, 4 19 : By Isaac
Lea, rectification of Mr. T. A. Con-
rad's synopsis of the family Naiades
of N. America, published in Proc. A.
N. S. Philada., Feb., 1S53, 15; de-
scription of a new Mollusk from the
red sandstone, near Pottsville, Pa.,
346 : By Dr. Le Conte, descriptions
of some Coleoptera from Oregon,
collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper, &c,
15 ; synopsis of the CEdemeridae of
the V. States, 15 ; note on the genus
Amblychila, 23 ; synopsis of the spe-
cies of Platynus and allied genera
inhabiting the U. States, 34 ; synop-
sis of the Cucuiides of the U. States,
69 ; notes on some coleopterous In-
sects from the collections of the
Mexican Boundary Expedition, 70 ;
synopsis of Dermestida? of the TJ.
States, 91 ; synopsis of the Byrrhidae
of N. America, 91 ; synopsis of the
Erotylidce of the U. States, 128 ; de-
scriptions of the species of Trox and
Omorgus inhabiting the TJ. States,
202 ; descriptions of new Coleoptera
collected by Dr. Webb, of the U.
States Mexican Boundary Commis-
sion, in 1850-'2,2 f '3 ; synopsis of the
Pyrochroides of the U. States, 2C5 ;
synopsis of the Lathridiides of the TJ.
States and contiguous territories, 285;
analytical table of the species Hy-
droporus found in the TJ. States, with
descriptions of new species, 285;
notes on the Amaras of the TJ. States,
345 ; synopsis of the Hydrophilida? of
the TJ. States, 345: By Prof. Baird
and C. Girard, descriptions of new
species of Fishes, collected in Texas,
New Mexico and Sonora, by Mr.
Clark, and in Texas by Capt. Van
Vleit, U. S. A., 23 ; notice of a new
genus of Cyprinidas, 128: Bv Prof.
Baird, descriptions of new species of
N. A. Ranaeformes and Hylaeformes,

in the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution, 34 ; descriptions of new
Birds collected between Albuquer-
que,New Mexico, and San Francisco,
Cal., 91 ; characteristicsof som new
species of N. American Mammalia,
collected chiefly during the U. S.
survej s of a railroad ronle to the Pa-
cific, part I., 336 ; characteristics of
some new species of N. American
Mammalia, collected by TJ. S. and
Mexican Boundary Survey under Ma-
jor Emory, TJ. S. A., 336": ByJ.W.
Dawson, on fossil coniferous Wood
from Prince Edward's Island, 35. By
W. Dudley, description of a new-
species of Crane found in Wisconsin,
35: By Lieut. Couch, TJ. S. A.,
notes on Birds observed in Texas
and in the States of Nueva Leon,
Tamaulipas and Coanuila, Mexico,
with descriptions of new species, 35 :
By Dr. Hallowell, descriptions of
new Reptiles from California, and on
a genus and species of Serpent from
Honduras, presumed to be new, 89 ;
remarks on the geographical distri-
bution of Reptiles, with descriptions
of several species supposed to be new,
and corrections of former papers, 90;
notices of new Reptiles from Texas,
174 ; contributions to South Ameri-
can Herpetology, 127: By Dr. W. P.
Gibbons, descriptions of new species
of viviparous Fishes of California, 90;
descriptions of new species of vivipa-
rous, marine and fresh-water Fishes
of California, 121 : By Drs. Evans
and B. Shumard, descriptions of new
fossil species from the cretaceous
formation of Sase Creek, Nebraska,
91 ; descriptions of new fossil species
from the fresh-water Tertiary forma-
tion of Nebraska, 127 : By Dr. Leidy,
synopsis of extinct Mammalia from
Nebraska, 127 ; description of a fos-
sil apparently indicating a species of
the Camel tribe, 167; on Urnatella
gracilis and a new species of Pluma-
tella, 174 ; notice of some fossil
Bones discovered on the banks of the
Ohio River, 195; remarks on the
identity of Bootherium cavifrons with
Ovibos moschatus, or O. maximus,
202 ; indications of twelve species of
fossil fishes, 395; contributions to a
knowledge of the marine Inverte-
brate fauna of the coasts of Rhode
Island and New Jersey, 399 ; indica-'
tions of five species and two new ge-
nera of extinct Fishes, 410 ; notices

VI.

INDEX.

of some Tape-worms, 419 : Ey M.
Tuorney, descriptions of new fossils
from the Southern States, 167 : By
James D. Dana, catalogue and de-
scriptions of Crustacea, collected in
California by Dr. Le Conte, 173: By
Dr. A. L. Heermann, additions to N.
American Ornithology, 173 : By A.
Durand and Theo. Hilgard, descrip-
tions of new plants from South Cali-
fornia, 174 : By J. E. Holbrook, M.
D., descriptions of Fishes of S. Caro-
lina, 174. By Joseph Jones, abstract
of experiments upon the physical in-
fluences exerted by living organic
and inorganic membranes upon che-
mical substances passing through
them by endosmosis, 174 : By John
Cassin, list of the species of Pigeons
of the genus Carpophagus, in the col-
lection of the A. N. S. and of the U.
S. Explo. Exped., with descriptions
of new and little known species, 203;
notes on N. American Falconidae,
with descriptions of new species, 265;
descriptions of new species of Birds
from W. Africa and Zanzibar, 289 :
description of a new species of Par-
rot, 415 ; notices on some new and
little known Birds in collection of
U. S. Explo. Ex'ped. in Vincennes
and Peacock, and in collection of A.
N. S., 419 : By Dr. Genth, Herrerite
identical with Srnithsonite, 203 ; an-
alysis of Meteoric Iron, from Tucson,
Mex., 288 : By Dr. Wetherill, Che-
mical notices, 203 : By Prof. Julien
Derby, remarks on the Cryptogamic
Flora of the State of Georgia, 256: By
Messrs. Norwood and Pratten, notice
of fossils from the carboniferous se- J
ries of the Western States, with de- j
scriptions of new species, 264: By Mr.
Durand, Plants Prattenianiae califor-
nicae with descriptions of Plants, new
or unpublished in America, 286: By
Dr. T. C. Henry, notes on the Birds
of New Mexico, 286: By W. R.
Blake, notice of remarkable strata of
the remains of Infusoria and Poly-
thalamia in the tertiary formation of
Monterey, Ca!., 336: By Wm. Stimp-
son, description of new Invertebrata
from the Chinese and Japanese seas,
345 and 385: By Dr. J. Aitken Meigs,
relation of Atomic heat to Crystal-
line form, 375 : By Jose del Solar, of
Lima, Peru, description of a new spe-
cies of Carica, 395 : By Prof. A . Ret-
zius, on artificially formed skulls

from the ancient world, 399 : By S.
Ashmead, catalogue of marine Aluae,
from Beesley's Point, N. J., with
some remarks, 409 : By Philip R.
Uhler, descriptions of some new spe-
cies of Coleoptera, 415 : By T. P.
James, an enumeration of Mosses
detected in the northern U. States,
which are not comprised in Gray's
Manual, some of which are new spe-
cies, 453.
Conrad, T. A., rectification of generic
names of tertiary fossil Shells, 29 ;
notes on Shells, with descriptions of
three recent and one fossil species,
31; descriptions of three new species
of Unio, 256 ; observations on the
Eocene deposit of Jackson, Miss.,
with descriptions of thirty-four new
species of Shells and Fossils, 257;
descriptions of eighteen new creta-
ceous and tertiary Fossils, &c, 265 ;
descriptions of one tertiary and eight
new cretaceous Fossils frm Texas,
in the collection of Major Emory,
268 ; description of a new species of
Me-lania, 269 ; note on the Miocene
and Post-Pliocene deposits of Cali-
fornia, with descriptions of two new
fossil Corals, 441 ; description of a
new species of Pentamerus, 441.
Cook, Mr., don. to mus., i.
Couch, Lieut. D. N., (J. S. A., descrip-
tions of new Birds of Northern
Mexico, 66.
Coultas, Harland, don. to lib., x.
Correspondents elected :

Adamson, Rev. Dr. J. C, 2S4.
Audubon, John W., 337.
Briicke, Prof. Ernest, 201.
Burnett, W. J., 67.
Couch, Lieut. D. N., TJ. S. A., 14.

Dearing, Dr. Wm. E., 165.

Dalton, Dr. John C, Jr., 337.
Doremy, Dr. R. O., 341.

Enderling, Dr. Chas., 22.
G. y Garcia, Jose A., 341 .

Hammond, Dr. Wm.A., U.S.A., 337.

Kirkwood, Prof. D., 67.

McClellan, Capt. Geo. B., U. S. A.,
284.

Motschulsky, Col. Victor, 126.

D'Oliveira, C. B., 341.

Pratten, Henry, 173.

Prout, Dr. Hiram A., 173,

Rathvon, S. S., 201.

Sandberser, Dr. Fredolen, 408.

Santos, C. A., 341.

Sandberger, Dr. Guido, 40S.

del Solar, Jose, 397.

INDEX.

VI 1.

Steiner, Dr. Lewis H., 454.
Suckley, Dr. George, U. S. A., 451.
Von Nordman, Alexander, 126.
Winslow, R. K., 201.
Wailes, Prof. B. L. C, 337.
Curators, report of for 1854, 252 ; for
1855, 450.

Da Costa, Dr., don. to lib., xxxviii. ;
remarks on a new process he has
lately employed in making minute
injections in anatomical preparations,
90.

Dana, James D., don. lo lib., xvi.,
xxviii. ; catalogue and descriptions
of Crustacea collected in California
by Dr. J. L. Le Conte, 175.

Dalton, Henry G., don. to lib., xxii.

De Candolle, Alph., don. to lib., xxxi.

Dawson, J. W., don. to lib., x., xxxii.;
on fossil coniferous Wood from Prince
Edward's Island, 62.

Darlington, Dr. VVm., don. to lib., iii.

Dietz, Dr. A. J., don. to mus., xiv.

Dowler, Bennett, don. to lib., xviii.

Dozy, F., don. to lib., xx.

Dock, Dr., don. to mus., xxi.

Drinker, Henry, don. to mus., xxxvii.

Duchaillu, Belloni, don. to mus., xiii.

Dudley, Wm., description of a new
species of Crane from Wisconsin, 64.

Durand, Mr., don. to mus., xxx.

Dundas, James, don. to mus., xi.

Dozy, F., and J. H. Molkenboer, don.
to lib., xxi.

Fisher, Dr. J. C, don. to mus., xi.,
xxiii., xxv.

Fisher, Thos., don. to mus., xxi.

Foulke, Wm. P., don. to mus., i. ; the
thanks of the Academy voted to, for
address delivered in commemoration
of the founding of the Institution,
33 ; remarks on a lecture by Mr.
Hugh Miller, republished in the U.
States, entitled " the Two Records
the Mosaic and the Geological,'' 69.

Franklin Institute, don. to lib., xvii.,
xxv., xxxiv.

Freeman, Dr. W. H., don, to mus..
xvi., xvii.; don. to lib., xxii.

Foetterle, Franz, don. to lib., xxix.

Fox, Rev. Chas., don. mus., xxxiii.

East India Company, Hon., don. to lib.,
xxxii.

Ecole des Mines, don. to lib., xxvii.,
xli.

Edwards, Amory, don. to mus., xi.

Emerson, Dr. G., don. to mus., vi.

Emmons, E., don. to lib., xxv.

Engleman, Dr. Geo., don. to lib., vi.

Evans and Shumard, descriptions of
new fossil species from the Creta-
ceous formation of Sage Creek, Ne-
braska, 163; descriptions of new fos-
sil species from the fresh water ter-
tiary formations of Nebraska, 164.

Entomological Society of Stettin, don.
to lib., xx., xxix.

Field, Roswell, don. to mus., xxxiii.

Geological Society of Germany, don. to
lib., ii., ix., xiii., xx., xxviii., xxix.,
xxxix.

Gilliss, Lieut., U. S. N., don. to lib.,
xxxix., xli.

Gillette, F. B., don. to mus., xxxvii.
,' Gould, Aug. A., don. to lib., xli.

Grateloup, Dr., don. to lib., xl.

Garcia, Jose Ant. G. y, don. to lib., xli.

Girard, Chas., don. to lib., vi., x.,
xviii., xxv., xxix. ; on a new Ento-
mostracan of the family Limnadidae,
inhabiting the western waters, 3 ;
notice of a new species of Salmonidae
from the N. E. part of the U. States,
85; a list of the N. American Bu-
fonids, with diagnoses of new species,
86 ; descriptions of new Fishes col-
lected by Dr. Heermann on the Pacific
railroad route, 129 ; enumeration of
the species of Fishes collected by Dr.
Kennerly at San Francisco, Cal., 141;
observations on a collection of Fishes
made on the Pacific coast of the U.
States by Lieut. Trowbridge, U.S.A.,
142 ; characteristics of some carti-
laginous Fishes of the Pacific coast
of N. America, 196 ; abstract of a
report to Lieut. Gilliss, U. S. N.,
upon the Fishes collected during the
U. States Naval Astronomical Ex-
ped. to Chili, 197 ; abstract of a re-
port to Lieut. Gilliss, U.S. N., upon
the Reptiles collected during the U.
S. Naval Astronomical Exped. to
Chili, 226 ; notice upon viviparous
Fishes inhabiting the Pacific coast of
N. America, with an enumeration of
the species observed, 318.

Gibbons, Dr. W. P., don. to mus., vii.;

Vlll.

INDEX.

Descriptions of new species of vivi- j
parous Fishes of California, 105 ; des-
criptions of new species of marine
ami fresh-water Fishes of California,
122.

Gilliams, Wm., don. to mus., xiv.

Genth, Dr., Herrerite identical with
Smithsonite, 232 ; analysis of the me-
teoric Iron from Tucson, province of
Sonora, Mexico, 317.

Geological Society of London, don. to
lib., ii., vii., xi., xv., xxv.

Geolog. and Polytech. Soc. of AV. R.
Yorkshire, don. to lib., vii.

Gibbes, Dr. Robert W., don. to mus.,
xxvi.

Goddard, Dr., don. to mus., vii., xi.

Gouhenaut, A., don. to mus.,xi.

Gray, Asa, don. to lib., ii., iii., xviii.

Guex, John A., don. to mus., xiii.,
xvii., xxxvii.

Gillou, Constant, don. to mus., xxxiii.

Haldeman, Prof., don. to mus., vii. ;
remarks on the Limnadella described
by Mr. Girard, 34.

Hall, Jas., don. to lib., iii.

Hallowell, Dr. Edward, don. to mus.,
xvii., xxvi.; descriptions of new Rep-
tiles from California, 91 ; on a genus
and species of Serpent from Hondu-
ras, supposed to be new, 97 ; remarks
on the geographical distribution of
Reptiles, with descriptions of new
species, &c, 98; notice of new Rep-
tiles from Texas, 192 ; description
of new Reptiles from Guinea, 193.

Hallowell and Leidy, Dis., don. to
mus., xxxvii.

Hanson, H. C, don. to lib., xv., xx.

Hare, Lieut. G. H., U. S. N., don. to
mus., xvii.

Harrison, Joseph, Sen., don. to mus.,
xxi. ; vote of thanks of the A. N. S.
to, for portraits presented, 255.

Hartman,Dr. W. D., don. to mus., vii.,

Hammond, Dr. W. A., U. S. A., don.
to mus., xxxiii.,

Harris, Edward, don. to mus., xxxiii.

Harrison, N., don. to mus., xxxvii.

Hauer, M. Von, don. to lib., xl.

Heermann, Dr. A. L., don. to mus.,
vii., xi., xiv.,xxxii.; additions to N.
American Ornithology, with descrip-
tions of new species of the genera
Actidurus, Pociiceps and Podylym-
bus, 177.

Hamilton, Wm., don. to mus.. vii.

Henry, Dr. T. Charlton, U. S. A., notes
derived from observations made on
the Birds of New Mexico, during the
years 1853-4, 306.

Hering, C. T., don. to mus., xxxii.

Hist. Soc. of Penna., don. to lib., viii.

Horner, Dr., don. to mus., xxv.

Horwitz, Dr. J., U. S. N., don. to mus..
iv.

Hughes, J. C, don. to mus., xxxvii.

Humboldt, Alexander, don. to lib., ix.

Imperial Acad, of Sci. of Bordeaux,

don. to lib., vi., ix., xxxv.
Imperial Soc. of Nat. of Moscow, don.

to lib., iii., ix., xxxix.
Imperial Soc. of Nat. Sci. of Cherbourg,

don. to lib., v., xxxv.
Imperial Soc. of Sci. of Lyons, don< to

lib., xxxix.
Imperial Soc. of Agriculture of Lyons,

don. to lib., xxxix.

James, Thos. P., an enumeration of
Mosses detected in the northern U.
States, which are not comprised in
the Manual of Asa Gray, M.D., some
of which are new species, 444.

Jones, Joseph, don to mus., xi., xxxiii.,
xxxvi., xxxvii.; an abstract of expe-
riments upon the physical influences
exerted by living organic and inor-
ganic membranes upon chemical sub-
stances passing through them by En-
dosmose, 204.

Jolis, M. Auguste de, don. to lib., v.

Journal of Indian Archipelago and East-
ern Asia, don. of, by Editors, i. vii.,
xv., xx., xxv., xxxv.

Kennedy, Dr. H. W.. don. to mus.,iv.,
ix., xxx.

Kilvington, Robert, don. to mus., xiv.,
xvi. xxvi.

Kirtland, Prof., don. to mus., xi., xiv.

King, Dr. Alfred T., on the ancient al-
luvium of the Ohio River and its Trib-
utaries, 4 ; Description of Fossil
Trees in the coal rocks near Greens-
burg, Pa., 64; Description of Fossii
Fruit found in the Carboniferous
Rocks of Beaver County, Pa., 66.

Koninck, L. de, and H. Le Hon. don. to
lib., xxvii.

Kolliker, A., don. to lib. xxi.

INDEX.

IX.

fvrider, John, don. to mus., i., iv.. xxvi.
Kuhn, Carl, don. to lib., xxi.

Lacordaire, Theo., don. to lib., ix.;
xxvii.

Lambert, John, don. to mus., i., vii.,
xxxiii.

Lapham, J. A., don. to lib., xv., xxix.,
xxxii.

Latour, M. H., don. to lib., xv.

Latrobe, J. H. B., don. to lib., xxiv.

Latham, G., don. to mus., xxxiii.

Lawson, the Misses, don. to lib., xxxv.

Lea, Isaac, don. to mus., i., vii., xiii.,
xiv., xxx. ; don. to lib., xii., xxii.;
xxiv., xxvii., xxxiv. ; remarks on
Acostaea guarduasana of D : Orbigny,
1 ; rectification of Mr. T. A.Conrad's
" Synopsis of the family Naiades of
N. America," published in the Pro-
ceedings of the A. N. S. of Philada.,
Feb., 1853, 236 ; reference to the
tanned skin of the Walrus, used for
polishing cutlery, at Hull, England,
265 ; description of a new Mollusk,
from the Red Sandstone near Potts-
ville,Pa., 340.

Le Conte, Major, don.to mus.,xxxvii. ;
notice of American animals formerly
known, but now forgotten or lost, 8 ;
remarks on Magnolia Pyramidata of
Bartram, 174 ; descriptions of four
new species of Kinosternum, 180;
Catalogue of American Testudinata,
189 ; observations on the Vespertilio
Leporinus of Lin., 190 ; descriptions
of new species of Astacus from Geor-
gia, 400 ; on a new species of Gelasi-
mus, 402 ; remarks on two species of
American Cimex, 404 : Descriptive
Catalogue of the Ranina of the U.
States, 423 ; observations on the N.
American species of Bats, 431; des-
cription of two new species of Hes-
peromys, 442.
Le Conte, Dr. John L., don. to mus.,
i., vi., xiv. ; don. to lib., ii. ; descrip-
tions of some new Coleoptera from !
Oregon, collected by Dr. J. G. Coop- j
er, on N.Pacific R. R. route, 16;
synopsis of the CEdemerida? of the U.
States, 20 ; note on the genus Ambly-
chila, Say, 32 ; synopsis of the species j
of Platynus and allied genera inhabit-
ing the U. S., 35 ; remarks on a frag-
ment of the jaw of a new Pachyderm
from the Tertiary of Virginia, 69 ;
synopsis of the Cucuiides of the U. j
S., 73 ; synopsis of the Dermestidae

of the U. S., 106; synopsis of the
Byrrhidae of the U. S., 113 ; synopsis
of the Erotylidae of the U. S., 158;
descriptions of the species of Trox
and Omorgus inhabiting the U. S.,
211 ; some corrections in the Nomen-
clature of Coleoptera found in the U.
S., 216 ; descriptions of new Coleop-
tera collected by Thos. H. Webb, M.
D., in 1850-1-2, while Sec'y to the
U. S. Boundary Commission, 220 ; re-
marks on tailless Cats, 286; remarks
on some misrepresentations contained
in the " Catalogue des larves des
Coleopteres,' J by M. M. Chapinsand
Candeze, 288; Analytical Table of
the species of Hydroporus, found in
the IJ. S., with descriptions of new
species, 290; synopsis of Lathridiide
of the (J. S. and northern contiguous
Territories, 299: notes on the Amara>.
of the [J. S., 345 ; synopsis of the
Hydrophilida? of the TJ. S.,^356.

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Soc,
don. to lib., vii.

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, don v to mus., i., vi..
xiv., xxi., xxiii., xxx., xxxiii. ; don.
to lib., xviii., xxxi., xxxviii. ; re-
marks on exhibiting to the Society
four vertebrae of a huge extinct Sau-
rian from Arkansas, for which he pro-
posed the name of Brimosaurus gran-
dis, 72 ; remarks on Sus Americanus
of Harlan, or Harlanus Americanus
of Owen, which he considered identi-
cal with Bison latifrons, 89 ; remark-
on several fossils indicating new
species of extinct mammalia, 90 ; re-
marks on the dentition of a new-
species of mammal from Nebraska,
which he characterized under the
name of Dinictis felina, 127 ; re-
marks on Prof. Lindley's review o!
"A Flora and Fauna within living
animals," 128; synopsis of Extinct
Mammalia, the remains of which
have been discovered in the Eocene
formation of Nebraska, 156 ; descrip-
tion of a fossil apparently indicating
an extinct species of the Camel tribe.
172 ; on Urnatella gracilis and a new
species of Plumatella, 191 ; notice of
Fossil Bones discovered by Mr. F. A.
Lincke, on the banks of the Ohio
river, 199; remarks on exhibiting a
drawing of a species of Hydraena
found in the mantle of Unio purpu-
reus, 202 ; remarks on the question
of the identity of Bootherium Cavi-
frons with Ovibus moschatus, or O.

X.

INDEX.

maximus, 209; remarks on the so-
called Fossil man exhibited in New
Orleans several years since, 340 ;
indications of twelve species of Fos-
sil Fishes, 395 ; indications of five
species with two new genera of Ex-
tinct Fishes, 414 ; remarks on Esca-
rina variabile, 415; notices on some
Tape worms, 443.
Letters from Individuals :
Adamson, Rev. J. C, 339.
Bernsee, Capt., 287.
Borda, Eugene,202.
Brucke, Prof. Ernest, 285.
Carpenter, G. W., 34.
Couch, Lieut. D. M., 15.
Dalton, John C, Jr., 203.

Dalton, Dr. H. G., 264.

Deane, Dr., 287.

Dearing, Dr. W. E., 256.

Dock, Geo., 23, 255.

Dowler, Dr. Bennett, 202.

Dos Santos, C. A., 418.

Drinker, Sandwith, 167, 174.

Enderling, Dr. Charles, 35.

Flujjel, Dr. J. G., 195.
Foulke, Wm. P., 22.

Fox, Rev. Chas., 121.

Gibbons, Dr. W. P., 15, 90, 345.

Garcia, J. A., G. y., 419.

Hare, Lieut. G. H., 202.

Harrisom, Joseph, Jr., 255.

Hagedorn, C. F., 385.

Humphreys, W., 339.

Huston, Dr. M. H., 89.

Kennedy, H. W., 345. "

King, Byron, 339.

Kirtland, Prof. J. P., 174.

Kuntz, G. H., 23.

Landes, John, 202.

Lea, Isaac, 1.

Le Conte, Prof. John, 1.

McClellan, Capt. Geo. B., 287.

Michellotti, Giovanni, 121.

Moore, Samuel, 418.

Molkenboer, Dr. J. H., 203.

Muller, Baron J. W., von, 1 .

Peale, Chas. Wilson, 419.

Piddington, Henry, 285.

Prout, Dr. Hiram, 285.

Pratten, Henry, 174.

Rathvon, S. S., 202.

Ruschenberger, Dr., 286.

Sandberger, Dr. Guido, 415.

Sauvalle, F. A., 409.

Smith, Prof. J. L., 22.

Tarbe, Prosper, Pres. Nat. Hist. Soc.
Rheims, 339, 340.

Vernueil,Ed. de, 287.

Vauquelin, M., 15.

Wailes, Prof. B. L. C.,202.
Wetherill, Mrs. M. K., 15.
Wilson, Prof. J. L., 167.
Letters from Societies, &c.

Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum,
255, 344.

Acad, of Science of Berlin, 415.

Acad, of Naturalists of Breslau, 34.
128.

Amer. Ethnolog. Soc, 126.

Amer.Philosoph. Society, 23, 69, 89,
289, 345.^

Belfast Royal Hist. Soc, 89.

Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., 339, 341.

British Museum, 203, 419.

California Acad. Nat. Sci., 173, 385.

Entomolog. Soc. of Stettin, 339.

Geolog. Soc of London, 289, 339.

Imperial Soc of Sci. &c of Lisle, 285.

Imperial Acad, of Sci. of Bordeaux,
409.

Imperial Royal Institute of Sci. of
Milan, 409.

Imperial Soc. of Naturalists of Mos-
cow, 15, 70, 399, 418.

Leipsic City Library, 202.

Linnean Soc. of London, 339.

Lyceum of Nat. Hist, of New York,
23, 167, 173, 285.

Minister of Public Works and Direct,
of Mines of France, 419.

Museum of Nat. Hist, of Strasburg,
127.

Nat. Hist. Asso. of Prussian Rhine-
land and Westphalia, 203,419.

Nat. Hist. Asso. of Halle, 15.

Nat. Hist. Soc. of Geneva, 255.

Nat. Hist. Soc. of Dantzic, 339.

N. York State Library, 15, 89, 127,
173, 202, 285, 348, 3S5.

Penna. Slate Library, 89, 121.

Portland Soc. of Nat. Hist., 69, 70.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Stockholm,
23, 70, 255, 409.

Royal Saxon Soc. of Sci., 88, 415.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Vienna, 88,
195, 203,339, 345,399.

Royal Bavarian Acad., 126,203, 339.
899.

Royal Imp. Geolog. Inst, of Vienna.
128,418.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Belgium, 174.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Liege, 195.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Amsterdam,
202, 419.

Royal Soc of Sci. of Gottingen, 203,
399.

Royal Lib. of University of Gottin-
gen, 341.

Royal Soc of Sci. of TJpsala, 399.

INDEX.

XI.

Royal Mineralogical Soc. of St. Pe-
tersburg, 399.
Royal Danish Soc. of Sci., 409.
Royal Acad, of Sci., &c of Lyons,

418.
Royal Soc. of Agriculture, &c, of

Lyons, 418.
Smithsonian Institution, 70, 121, 2S5,

385.
Soc. of Nat. Hist, of Cherburg, 34,

409.
Soc. of Arts and Sciences of Batavia,

341, 415.
Wurtemburg Nat. Hist. Soc, 255,

345
Zoological Soc. of London, 264.
Lewis, E. J., don. to lib., xxiv.
Lewis, Dr. Samuel, don. to mus.,

xxxvii.
Lindsley, Dr. Berrian, don. to lib., vi.
Lichtenstein, Dr. H., don. to lib., xiii.
Liner, Dr., U. S.-N., don. to mus., xxv.
Linnean Soc. of London, don. to lib.,

xxviii.
Lombardy Inst, of Sci., &.c, don. to

lib., xxxv.
Long. Dr.E., don., to mus., vii.
Librarian, Report of, for 1854, 252 ;
for 1855, 449. .

Martins, Chas. and B. Gastaldi, don. to

lib., xvi.
Mayer, Prof., don. to lib., xxi.
McCall, Col. Geo. A., don. to mus., i.,

xiv., xvii., xxiii.
McClellan, Capt. Geo. B., don. to mus.,

xxvi.
McMurtrie, R. C., don. to mus., xxxiii.
Meigs, Dr. Charles D., don. to mus., vi.
Meigs, Dr. J. Aitken, revised edition

of the "Catalogue of Human Crania,"

in the collection of the late Dr. S. G.

Morton, 420.
Mitchell, Messrs. E. & J. M., and L.

Brognard, don. to mus., xxx.
Merrick, John, don. to mus., xi.
Miller, Edward, don. to mus., xxiii.
Michelin, H., don. to lib., xxviii.
Mitchell, Dr. S. W., don. to mus., i.
Mitchell, Dr. J. K., don. to mus., xvii.
Morris, Dr. J. Cheston, don. to mus.,

xxx.
Morris, Rev. John D., don. to lib.,

xxxi.
Moore, Wm., don. to mus , xxxiii.
Moss, T. F., don. to mus., xi.
Motchoulsky, Victor, don. to lib., iii.
Miiller, Baron J. W. de, don. to lib., ii.

Muller, Dr. T. D., don. to mus., i.
Murray, Andrew, don. to mus., xxxii.
Members elected :

Barcroft, Stacey B., 395.
Barton, Isaac, 285.

Borda, Eugene, 173.

Brown, Dr. Robt. F., 418.

Cadwalader, Wm.,285.

Clements, Dr. Richard, 395.

Dock, Dr. Geo., 22.

Drysdale, Dr. Thos. M., 339.

Fassit, Francis, 201.

Freeman, Dr. Wm., 254.

Geylin, Emile, 173.

Gillou, Constant, 34.

Guex, John A., 201.

Hartshorne, Dr. Henry, 337.

Harrison, Joseph, 165.

Harding, George, 22.

Hagedorn, C. F., 397.

Hering, C. J., 408.

Hilgard, Dr. Theo., 337.

Howell, Samuel D., 418."

Humphreys, G. H., 408

Hooper, Dr. Wm. H., 254.

Hunt, Dr. Wm., 264.

Laroche, Rene, Jr., 414.

Lewis, Dr. Samuel, 414.

Luther, Dr. Diller, 337.

Mallery, Garrick, 165.

Mcllhenny, Dr. Wm. S., 88.

Merrick, J. V., 67.

Messchert, M., 337.

Moore, Dr. Samuel, 418.

Morris, Dr. J. Cheston, 337.

Negus, Jas. Engle, 34.

Newbold, Dr. Thos., 201.

Pennypacker, Dr. Isaac, 173.

Piatt, Clayton I., 34.

Rogers, Fairman, 22.

Rush, Madison, U. S. N., 384.

Smith, J. Brinton, 126.

Smyth, Samuel, 3S4.

Spackman, Rev. Henry S., 395

Taggert, J. Edwards, 337.

Tiedemann, Henry, 395.

Turner, Dr. J. W., U. S. N., 22.

Tyson, Job R., 88.

Vanderkemp, Dr. J. J., 67.

West, Hilborne, 408.

Woodward, Dr. J. J., 384.

National Institute, Washington, don. ro
lib., xxviii.

Nat. Hist. Asso. of Prussian Rhine-
land and Westphalia, don. to lib.,
xx., xxxix.

Nat. Hist. Soc. of Halle, don. to lib., ii.

XH.

INDEX.

New Orleans Med. and Surg. Journ.,' Rand, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., vi.,
don. of, by Editors, ix., xii., xvi., ! xvii. ; don. to lib., iii., xxvii.,
xxii. xxxiii. ; remarks on presenting a

specimen of Uranite from the W.
Banks of the Schuylkill River near
Fairmount, 286 ; remarks on a speci-
men of Cyanide and Nitride of Tita
nium, from the salamander of a blast
furnace, at Spring Mill, 409.
Rand, Theo. W., don. to mus., xxiii.
Rank, Wm., don. to mus., xxxiii.
Ravenel, A. H., don. to mus., xxxi.,

New York Journ. of Med., don. of, by

Editors, i., v., viii.
New York Lyceum of Nat. Hist., don.

to lib., viii.
New York State Library, don. to lib.,

x., xxxi.
New York Med. Times, don. of, by

Editors, xxiv., xxv., xxxviii.
New York Inst, for the Blind, don. to

lib., xxiv.
New York Quarterly, don. of, by Edi-
tors, xxiv., xxxi.
Norwood, J. G. & H. Pratten, don. to

lib., xxxii.
Nott, Dr. J. C, don. to lib., xl.
Nott, Dr. J. C. & G. R. Gliddon, don.

to lib., vi.

Orficers elected for 1854,253; for 1855,
453.

Ord, George, don. to mus., xiv., xxvi.
Remarks on the project of erecting
a Mo nm ent to the memory of
Alexandpr Wilson, at Paisley,
Scotland, 415.

Owen, Richard, don. to lib., xxxi.

Patent Office of the U. S., don. to lib.,

xv., xxxiv.
Patterson, Wm., don. to mus.,xxi.
Penna. Hist. Soc, don. to lib., xxii.
Penna. State Legis. Library of, don. to

lib., xxiv.
Pickering, Dr. Charles, don. to lib., v.
Piddington, H., don. to lib., ix., xxviii.
Pierce, H., don. to mus., xxxvii.
Portland Soc. of Nat Hist. A complete

sett ot the Publications of the A. N.

S., of Philada., presented to, 34.
Powel, Samuel, don. to mus., xxiii.
Powell, J. E., communication on the

habits of the Moose, as observed in

the State of Maine, 342.
Power, A. E., don. to mus., xxx.
Pratten, Henry, don. to mus., xiv.,

xvi.
Pryor, Dr. Charles, don. to mus., xi.
Pottsville Sci. Association, don., to lib. ,

xxviii.

Quevenne, M., don. to lib., ix., xxxii.
Quesnet, Edward, don. to lib., xl.

xxxii., xxxix.

Retzius, Prof. A., on artificially formed
skulls from the ancient world, 405.

Redfield, Wm. C, don. to lib., xv.

Rice, Wm., don. to mus., iv.

Riddle, Dr. J. M., don. to lib., xxi.

Ritchie, Capt. J. H., don. to mus., i.

Robeson, A., don. to mus., vi.

Royal Acad, of Science of Turin, don.
to lib., xxxv.

Royal Acad., of Science of Madrid, don.
to lib., xxxv.

Royal Acad, of Science of Stockholm,
don. to lib., ix.

Royal Acad, of Science of Vienna, don.
to lib., ix., xii., xx., xxvi., xxix.,
xxxiv.

Royal Acad, of Science of Amsterdam,
don. to lib., xviii., xxxix.

Royal Imperial Geological Inst, of Vi-
enna, don. to lib., ix., x,, xxvii.,
xxix., xxxix.

Royal Inst, ot Science of Lombardy,
don. to lib., xxxv.

Royal Saxon Soc. of Science at Leipzig,
don. to lib., ix., xxxix.

Royal Soc of Science of Gottingen,
don. to lib., xxxiii.

Royal Society of Edinburgh, don. to
lib., iii., xxvii., xxxv.

Royal Netherlands Inst, of Science,
don. to lib., v.

Royal Soc. of Liege, don. to lib., xxiii.

Ruschenberger, Dr., don. to mus., i>,
vii., xxiii-, xxxvii. ; don. to lib.,
viii., x.

Reports of Committees :

On Mr. Girard's paper on an Entomo-
stracan, 3 ; nominating Wm. P.
Foulke, Esq. to deliver an Oration on
the Anniversary (1854) of the So-
ciety, 14 ; in favor of the expediency
of assembling the members at an
Anniversary Dinner, (1854) 14 ; on
publication of Part 4, Vol. 2, N. S.
of the Journal, 22 ; on two papers by
Messrs. Norwood and Pratten, of the
Illinois Geological Survey, on new

IM-EX.

Mil.

species of Producti and on new sp- 3
cies of Chonetes, 121 ; on Dr. Hallo
well's contributions to S. American
Herpetology, 165; on Dr. Holbrook's
Description of Fishes of Florida,
195 ; to prepare a memorial to Con-
gress soliciting aid to Dr. Kane and
his companions in their Arctic perils,
255 ; on Messrs. Norwood and Prat-
ten's Notices of Fossils from the
Carboniferous series of the Western
States, 284 ; on Prof. Julien Derby's
Remarks on the Cryptogamic Flora
of the State of Georgia, 284 ; on Mr.
i'urand's paper, " Plantse Pratteni-
aniae," &c, 336; on Dr. J. Aitken
Meigs's paper entitled Relation of
Atomic Heat to Crystalline foim,
395; of Committee appointed in
1852, to collect funds for the enlarge-
ment and improvement of the Hall of
the Aead. Nat. Science of Philada.,
447 ; of Committee appointed in
J 853, to superintend the enlargement
of the Hall of the A. N. S., 449: on
Mr. Cassin's Description of a new
species of Parrot, 418.
Resolutions ; to present the thanks of
of the Society to Mr. John A.
Guex for a collection of Coleopterous
Insects, 195 ; To present a copy of
the " Proceedings " of the Academy
to the Nat. Hist. Soc. of Schuylkil
Co., Pa., 201 , to appoint a Commit-
tee to draft a memorial to Congress
to send an Expedition for the relief
of Dr. Kane and his companions in
the Arctic regions, 253 ; relative to
a proposal made by the Board of Re-
gents of the Smithsonian Institution
to change the system of Administra-
tion of said Board, 284 ; inviting The
members of the American Med. Asso.
to visit the Museum of the Academy,
289 ; appointing a Committee to re-
ceive the members of the American
Med. Asso., 336; on the occasion of
Mr. George Ord's visit to Europe,
336; granting privilege of giving
tickets of admission to the Muse-
um, to Mrs. Margaret Harlan, 341;
presenting the thanks of the Academy
to Senor S. A. Sauvalle of Havana,
for a donation of Shells, 409; pre-
senting a se't of the Proceedings of
the A. N. S., as far as published, to
Prince Charles L. Bonaparte, 422 ;
to invite the Educational Convention
about to assemble in Philadelphia, to
visit the Museum of the Academy,
422.

Sauvalle, F. A., don. to mus., xxxiii.

Sandberger, Dr. G., don. to lib., x.

Saussure, H. F. de, don. to lib., xv,,
xxiv.

Secretary, Corresponding, Report of, for
1854,264; for January, 1855,264.

Secretary, Recording, Report of, for
1854,249.

Sergeant, J. D., don. to mus., i., iv.,
xiv., xxxvii.

Sampson, Jas., don. to mus., xxiii., de-
scriptions of some new Marine In-
vertebrata, 385.

Silliman, Prof. B. Jr., on the supposed
Human Footprints in the new Red
Sandstone ot Connecticut, 409.

Shaw, Dr. A., don. to mus.,xiii

Situreaves, Capt. L., don. to lib., x.

Smith, Aubrey H., don. to mus., xiv.

Smith, Charles S., don. to mus., xvii.

Smith, Dr. F. G., don. to lib., xv.

Smith, Dr. L., don. to mus., iv.

Smith, C. E., don. to mus., xxvi.

Smithsonian Institution, don. to mus.,
iv., xxiii., xxxvii. ; don. to lib., vi.,
xii., xvi-, xvii., xviii., xxxiv.

Society of Nat. Hist, of Strasburir, don.
to lib., xiii.

Society of Nat. Hist, and Phys. of Ge-
neva, don. to lib., xii.

Society of Arts, London, don. to lib.,
vii., xx., xxii., xxiii., xxviii., xxxvi.

Societe Zoologique d' Acclimatation,
don. to lib., xxv.

Society of Nat. Hist, of Neufchate], don.
to lib., xl.

Speakman, John, decease of, 23.

Squire, E., don. to lib., xviii., xxix.

Stevens, Henry, don. to lib., xx.

Stimpson, W., Descriptions of some
new Marine Invertebrata from the
Chinese and Japanese seas, 375.

Stauffer, J., don. to lib., i.

Storer, D. H., don. to lib., xvii.

Sullivant, W. S., don. to lib., iii.

Tasgert, Dr. W. H., don. to mus.,
xxxiii.

Tappan, Rev. H. P., don. to lib., iii.

Thomas, Prof. W. H. D.,don. to mus-,
xxi.

Thompson, Zadock,don. to lib. x.

Tingley, Dr. W. H., don. to lib., ix.

Torrey, Dr. John, don. to lib., x.

Tuomey, M., Descriptions of new Fos-
sils from the Cretaceous Rocks of the
southern States, 167.

Trask, Dr. J. B., don. to lib., xxviii.

Trautwine, John C, don. to lib., xxiv

X1Y.

INDEX.

Troschel, Dr. F. H., don. to lib., ix.,

xx., xxiii., xxvii., xxix.
Trowbridge, Lieut. W. P., U. S. A.,

don. to mus., xv.

Uhler, Philip R., Descriptions of a few

species of Coleoptera supposed to be

new, 415.
University of the State of New York,

don. to lib., viii., ix., xxxi.
United States National Observatory,

don. to lib., xxii.

Van Beneden, Prof. P. J., don. to lib.,

xiii.
Vaux, W. S., don. to mus., i., iv., vi.,

xvii., xviii., xxiii., xxvi.
Vaux, Elwyn, Clay and Carpenter,

Messrs., don. to lib., xxiv.
Virginia Med. and Surg. Journ., don. by

Editors, i., iii., v., viii., x., xii., xv.,

xvi., xxi., xxii., xxiv., xxv., xxviii.,

xxxi., xxxii,, xxxiv., xxxv.,xxxix.
Wailes, B. L. C., don. to mus., xxv.;

don. to lib., xxii.
Warren, Dr. J. C, don. to lib., ix. xxxi.
Warder, Prof., don. to lib., xxi.
Watson, Dr. G., don. to mus., i., iv.,

xvii., xxiii., xxvi.
Wheatley, Charles M., don. to mus.,

vi., xxvi., xxx.

Wetherill, Dr. C. M., don. to lib., xv.,
xxxi. ; remarks on the action of char-
coal on animal substances in promot-
ing their rapid destruction, 203 ;
Chemical notices, 233.

Weitenweber, Dr., don. to lib., ix.

Whit""" ^ ^ nr - + n , " 1 * " ****

Yeates, J., don. to mus., vii.

Zantzinger, Dr. W. S., don. to mus., i.
Zantedeschi, Ab. Francesco, Cav., don.

to lib., xl.
Zoological Garden of Amsterdam, don.

to lib., xxxiv.

PROCEEDINGS

or THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

January 3d y 1854.
Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From Baron J. W. Yon Miiller, dated Brussels, Nov. 23d, 1853,
transmitting the works announced this evening, and also making en-
quiries respecting the feasibility of establishing a Zoological Garden in
Philadelphia.

From Prof. John Le Conte, of Athens, Georgia, acknowledging the
receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

From Mr. Isaac Lea, dated Philadelphia, Dec. 30th, 1853, returning
acknowledgments for his election as a Vice-President of the Academy.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled
" On a new Entomostracan of the family Limnadidae, inhabiting the
Western waters. By Charles Girard." Beferred to Drs. Leidy, Bridges
and Buschenberger.

A paper intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " On
the Ancient Alluvium of the Ohio Biver and its Tributaries, by Alfred
T. King, M. D.," was read and referred to Mr. Vaux, Mr. Lea, and Dr.
Buschenberger.

Mr. Lea exhibited to the Academy a specimen of D'Orbigny's Acostcea giia-
d/casa?ia, which he owed to the kindness of that distinguished zoologist, during
Mr. Lea's visit to Paris last year. This genus he reminded the members was
identical with the Mulleria of Ferussac, as he formerly suggested, and was
afterwards satisfied to be the case on seeing the original specimen, described by
Ferussac in 1823, which is now in the fine collection of Mr. Delesert in Paris.
Mr. Lea stated that although the specimen figured by D'Orbigny had quite a
length of stem connecting the young portion of the shell, the Anodonta form,
with the mature portion, the Ostrea form, yet this was not necessarily or uni-
formly so. In the case of his own specimen this was very different. It hap-
pened, as is sometimes the case with the genus Ostrea, a. dead valve was filled up
by a subsequent living individual ; and on close examination, there were really dis-
covered to exist two specimens of the Anodontiform age ; one on the old single
valve at one end, and another on the reverse end appertaining to the living speci-
men, having the epidermis on it perfect. Neither of these specimens had a stem,

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VII., NO. I. 1

2 [January;

but advanced directly from the form of the Anodonta to that of the Ostrea,
leaving the young beaks directly on the edjje of the valves. Mr. Lea thought
that the difference of length of the stem, or the absence of it in various specimens
arose from the fact of the young individual finding sooner or later something
solid to commence the soldering of the under valve to, and then to spread out
the area of the valve.

On motion, so much of the communication of the Baron Von Milller'
as relates to the establishment of a Zoological Garden in this city was
referred to the following Committee : Mr. Ord, Mr. Vaux and Dr.
Bridges.

January 17 th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Capt. John H. Ritchie, U. S. N., dated Phila-
delphia, Jan. 10th, 1854, accompanying the donations to the Museum
acknowledged at last meeting.

Also a letter from J. Pemberton Hutchinson, Esq., dated Philadel-
phia, Jan. 16th, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of elec-
tion as a Member.

Mr. Conrad presented for publication in the Journal, a Synopsis of
the Genera Parapholas and Penicilla ; which was referred to Dr. Ruschen-
berger, Dr. Le Conte and Dr. J. A. Meigs.

Mr. Lea exhibited a large and beautiful crystal of limpid quartz, cut
into facets, which he had obtained in Italy.

On leave granted, the Committee, to which was referred Baron
Miiller's communication relative to the establishment of a Zoological Gar-
den in this city, presented a report adverse to the same, the Committee
being firmly impressed with the opinion that the project would not succeed,
from " the difficulty of procuring a suitable locality, of convenient access,
within the city or its precincts ; the great amount of capital required in
the outset of the undertaking, and the precarious nature of the tenure,
in this country, of all that depends upon popular favor."

The Report was adopted, and a copy directed to be transmitted to
Baron Miiller.

January %4:ih.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Major Le Conte presented a paper, for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Notice of American Animals formerly known, but now for-
gotten or lost." Referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Ruschenberger and Dr.
Henderson.

On leave granted, Mr. Foulke, after stating that it was probable the
U. S. Government would fit out shortly an Expedition for the explora-
tion of Africa, suggested the appointment of a Committee to urge
upon the Government the propriety of having Naturalists attached to
the Expedition. Whereupon on motion the following was adopted :

Resolved j That a Committee of five members be appointed, whose duty

1854.] 3

it shall be to take such steps as they may deem expedient to recommend
to the Government the scientific exploration of Africa.

Committee, Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Leidy, Mr. Lea ; Prof. Carson
and Dr. Hallowell.

Junuary 31 si.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.
The Committees to which were referred the following papers, severally
reported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings :

On a new Entomostracan, of the family LimnadidjE, inhabiting the Western

waters.

By Charles Girard.

LIMNADELLA, n. g.

Gen. Char. Eye one. Antennae subequal, provided upon their inferior side
with long and plumose setae, whilst on the upper side there are short, slender
and simple spines. Two elongated tape-shaped jaws. Eeet in twenty-lour
pairs, provided upon their extremities and sides with slender and plumose setae,
or hairs. A series of spiny processes along the posterior half of the dorsal line.
Post abdominal plate very large. Nutritive system phlebenteric.

Observations. This genus diners from Limnadia in being provided with one
eye only, instead of two. Also by its antennae, the two pairs of which are
similar in structure, whilst in Limnadia one pair is smaller than the other. The
post abdominal plate and number of feet will afford other distinguishing charac-
ters between Limnadella and Limnadia. From Cyzicus or Estheria it differs,
first, by the structure of the shell, which in Estheria resembles that of an Area,
whilst, in Limnadella, it is altogether Cyproid in its general aspect. There
is a marked difference between these two types in the structure of the an-
tennae, the joints of which are provided on their upper part with numerous spines
in Limnadella, whilst in Cyzicus there is but one single spine at the anterior
edge. The structure of the feet is likewise dissimilar, being furnished with
plumose setae in Limnadella.

Limnadella Kitet, n. sp.

Spec. Char. Shell : elongated, subelliptical, thickest anteriorly ; twice as
long as deep ; anterior, inferior, and posterior margins regularly continuous ;
upper outline somewhat irregular on account of the beaks being rather promi-
nent. Valves uniformly convex. Greatest depth one eight of an inch, greatest
length one quarter of an inch. Specimens may occasionally attain to a larger
size. Color, deep or light brown, mottled with black. Animal : antennae
composed each of twelve or thirteen subequal joints. Twenty-four pairs of
feet, the six posterior ones diminishing gradually away so as to render the last
three rudimentary. The last of all is inserted upon the last caudal segment but
one. There is a broad sub-triangular plate, terminated by two pairs of very large
spines, curved upwards; the inferior pair being longer and slenderer than the up-
per one. The concave margin of that plate is furnished with a series of quite
small spines. On the uppermost part of the post-abdominal plate is inserted a
pair of very delicate sword shaped appendages, very difficult to be observed
even with a good microscope. Along the posterior half of the back there exists
a series of sixteen processes, provided upon their upper and posterior sides with
about five or six minute curved spines, the tip of which is bent backwards.
The anterior two of these processes are but rudimentary ; the most developed
occupy the middle of the series; the posterior ones again diminish gradually as
they approximate the post-abdominal plate.

Specimens collected at Cincinnati were sent to the Smithsonian Institution by
Thomas Kite, of that city.

4 [January,

On the Ancient Alluvium of the Ohio River and its Tributaries.

By Alfred T. King, M. D., of Greensburgh, Pa.

The Ohio River, and all its tributaries which I have examined, are bounded
by an ancient alluvial deposit, rising from one to two hundred feet above the
present beds of those streams, and extending from half a mile to nearly two
miles in width.

In the brief description which I design to give of these deposits I shall com-
mence with that extensive and remarkable one at the mouth of the Beaver
River.

This is a beautiful and romantic stream, rising in the northern part of Beaver
County, Pennsylvania. It runs nearly south, and empties into the Ohio river
about thirty miles below Pittsburgh. At its mouth are two small towns,
Rochester on the east and Bridgewater on the west. The town of Beaver, which
is the seat of justice of Beaver county, is situated on the hill immediately above
and west of Bridgewater, on an alluvial plain, two miles and a half in length,
one mile, or nearly so, in width, and one hundred and thirty feet above the bed.
of the Ohio, stretching along the northern shore of that river. Although wells
have been sunken, in different parts of the town, 128 or 130 feet, which would
be about on a level with the bed of the Ohio, still no one has penetrated through
this deposite. The strong probability is, therefore, that it extends many feet
beneath the present bed of the river. On the opposite side of Beaver river this
deposite stretches along the Ohio, about three quarters of a mile. At both ex-
tremities it is apparently transferred to the opposite side of the river, in conse-
quence of the present curving of the stream, which causes the water to impinge
against the base of those lofty hills which everywhere skirt the shores of this
picturesque river. Seldom does the Ohio, or any of its numerous and mighty
tributaries, flow through the centre of this ancient alluvium, for this deposite is
seen every now and then on opposite shores.

On the eastern side of Beaver river this deposite is 20 or 30 feet higher than it
is at the highest point on Beaver plain, w hich would make it there about 150 or 1 60
feet, above the bed of the Ohio. At the most eastern extremity the hills are com-
posed of fine sand and loam, containing fluviatile and terrestrial shells of the genera
A?iodo?ita, Unio, Planorbis, Paludina, Limnea and Helix. Nearly the whole of
the residue of this deposit at Rochester, Bridgewater and Beaver, is composed
of nodules of argillaceous oxide of iron, and of rounded, polished river pebbles,
from the size of gravel to the size' of a man's head and upwards.

At the town of Rochester, the Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad Company has
made an extensive cut of about eighty feet through this mass of iron nodules
and river pebbles. Here it exhibits symptoms of stratification. Commencing
at the summit, there is first a thin seam, which composes the surface soil, of
sandy loam, then loose pebbles, below which there is a seam of eight or ten
feet of conglomerated pebbles cemented together with an oxide of iron. So-
firmly bound together are these pebbles, that the workmen, when making the
cut, were obliged to blast them, and I am told that they encountered much
more difficulty than they ordinarily do in more solid, compact rock. Below this
is a seam of ignitable bituminous coal, about one inch and a half in thickness,
extending entirely through the cut, and always preserving the same relative
position. Below this coal were loose pebbles again, and so on, alternately, from
the summit to the base.

Doubtless this tendency to stratification in alluvial, as well as in marine de-
posites, may be accounted for that streams at different periods transport different
materials, but the continuous seams, and vast masses of hydrate of alumina,
frequently seen in alluvial bluffs, particularly in those of the Mississippi river,
and the pure crystals often seen imbedded in solid sedimentary rocks, clearly
indicate the existence of chemical affinity between some of the particles of
sediment, in connection with mere mechanical deposition.

Beaver river is a small stream, not larger than the Mohawk, but its scenery
is exceedingly beautiful. Its calm and placid bosom reflects vividly like a

1854.] 5

mirror the tall mountain cliffs, and the magnificently variegated scenery of the
autumnal landscape. The deep gorges and dark precipitous ravines which cut
transversely the lofty hills which rise like mountains on each side, and the broad
alluvial plains which bound its shores, lined for miles with beautiful towns and
villas, where the sound of cheerfulness and the hum of industry are everywhere
heard, render the scenery exceeding interesting and picturesque.

From the mouth of this river to the town of New Brighton, a distance of
about three miles, the alluvium is composed principally of pebbles, resembling
those already described. Here it is about one hundred and fifty feet in depth,
at the highest point, and about three quarters of a mile wide. From this point
to a distance of from ten to fifteen miles above, this deposite is strewed over
with immense masses of transported angular rocks, derived from the neighboring
hills. These rocks are of all sizes, and, in places, very numerous, strewed
about in every direction, and piled upon each other in the most irregular manner.
There are several enormous piles of these quartzose rocks, or coal grit, about
eight or ten miles from Rochester, lying upon the brow of a hill, which over-
looks the river, and more than two hundred feet above its present bed. Some of
these masses will weigh thousands of tons.

There is one w r hich is probably in situ, which will measure twenty feet in
height, and over one hundred feet in circumference, much shattered below, where
it is grooved, rounded, and smoothed by the long continued action of running
water. This rock presents a singular aspect to the observer who attempts to
account for its present form, and its relative position with the river below. It
is surrounded by huge but smaller masses of the same character, all exhibiting
the same wearing and polishing action of running water, and piled upon each
other in the wildest confusion.

I descended with Dr. Barker, of Beaver, who kindly accompanied me, this
precipitous hill, along a narrow and winding path to the river below. All the
way we passed over and around similar piles of rocks, and for miles above this
point found a similar condition of things to exist. Most of these rocks are dis-
tinctly traceable to their parent hills, still higher up the stream.

The enormous size of some of these transported rocks, and the unequivocal
evidence of the wearing action of running water upon them, indicate that they
were carried by a long continued, turbulent and impetuous stream, which had
been, previous to this exhibition of its maddening fury, in a comparatively quiet
and placid condition, during which time the subjacent alluvial sediment, before
described, was deposited. It may be proper to mention here, that in connection
with these angular masses of quartzose grit, I found, not unfrequently, syenitic,
granitic, porphyritic, greenstone boulders, &c, &c, which were exceedingly
hard, rounded and polished, similar to the more common quartzose pebbles. The
largest which I saw connected with the angular rocks w T ould not weigh more
than a few hundred pounds. But about three hundred feet above the head of
little Beaver creek, a tributary of the Ohio river, and about twelve miles
from the locality I am now describing, there are boulders of granite and other
primary rocks lying upon the summit of a hill, which will measure thirty
feet in circumference.

Indeed the hills, which here contain the enormous cannel coal vein of from
fourteen to eighteen feet in thickness, are strewed over with boulders of primary
rocks, and the diluvial scratches and groovings are visible in places. These
hills are, in some places, 300 feet high.

At different points along Beaver river, and at heights of more than a hundred
feet above its present bed, I observed convincing indications of the grooving,
smoothing and polishing action of running water, on the solid sandstones of the
adjacent hills. These workings were unquestionably produced by the river
when it flowed over this alluvial plain.

The same kind of markings I observed in the hills which skirt the shores of
the Ohio. About fifteen miles below Pittsburgh, at a place called the Narrows,
I observed, at the height of more than a hundred feet above the river, the solid
sandstones polished and grooved, as if channelled by the moulding instrument of
a joiner, and even pot holes are worn into their sides.

6 [January,

Nearly the entire cities of Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Cincinnati are built
upon this remarkable deposite.

From Pittsburgh to Wilkinsburg, seven miles east, it is seen stretched along
the northern shore of the Monongahela river, and nearly two miles in width.
To this remarkable locality I will now briefly direct attention.

Passing from Greensburgh to Pittsburgh, along the turnpike, it will be observed
that the last anticlinal roll of the Allegheny chain of mountains is at Grapeville,
four miles west, and the last synclinal trough, which is but imperfectly formed,
is about three miles further west. From this point the beautiful undulations
which are so characteristic of the Allegheny chain, die away, and the rocks
assume nearly a horizontal position. Their horizontality, however, is only appa-
rent, for they really rise, at an almost inappreciable angle, westward. From
this point to within seven miles of Pittsburgh the general geological and topo-
graphical structure of the country remains nearly the same.

At the summit of the hill, which overlooks the town of Wilkinsburg, standing
upon the limestone which is super-imposed upon the great Pittsburgh seam
of coal, the observer beholds, more than a hundred feet beneath him, a beautiful
and extensive alluvial plain, bounded on the north by hills, which separate it
from the Allegheny river valley, and which contain the coal and limestone to
which allusion has just been made, and on the South by the Monongahela river.

The whole of this great seam of coal and the incumbent limestone, to the
depth of three hundred feet, have been swept away by a process of denudation,
and their places partially supplied by an alluvial deposite over one hundred feet
in thickness, and about the same height over the present bed of the Monongahela
river.

As the Pennsylvania Railroad passes over this deposite I shall avail myself of
the measurements which are given in one of the last annual reports of the Com-
pany.

The elevation of the Ohio river at Pittsburgh, above tide, is given at 700
feet. The elevation above tide at Wilkinsburg is 922. There would, there-
fore, be a difference of tidal elevation between Pittsburgh and Wilkinsburg of
222 feet. After substracting 22 feet feet for the fall of the river between these
two points, we would have 200 feet for the depth of the deposite.

If we assume that the shale and limestone upon which this vast deposite re-
poses, and which will be presently described, are from 200 to 300 feet beneath
the Pittsburgh seam of coal, we will be enabled to form some idea of the enor
mous denuding process, by which this river excavated its channel, and after-
wards deposited upon its ancient bed, in some places, over two hundred feet of
sedimentary matter. This is, of course, only an approximative estimate ; but
from all the data which I have been enabled to procure, the average depth may
be safely assumed at from one hundred to two hundred feet.

In consequence of the great depth of this deposite at Wilkinsburg, I, at one
time, conjectured that the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers met, at some
antecedent period, and formed the Ohio, either at this point or at East Liberty,
which are from five to seven miles East of their present junction. To satisfy
myself on this curious point, I crossed the plain at Wilkinsburg, three quarters
of a mile, to the base of those lofty hills which separate the two great alluvial
valleys, and found that the whole region was composed of river pebbles, sand
and loam, with which were mingled fluviatile and terrestrial shells.

Near the Frankstown road, which is nearly two miles in a straight line from
the Monongahela river, I saw some men excavating a well. They had gone
down to the depth of twenty or thirty feet, and had passed through nothing but
pure river sand and pebbles, meeting occasionally only with an Anodonta or a
Unto.

Near this point I crossed the dividing hills, and descended along a narrow
path to the road which winds along the bank of the Allegheny river. Here I
found this ancient deposite presenting: nearly the same appearances, and of about
equal magnitude to the one on the Monongahela side. In the neighborhood of
Laurenceville it is of great breadth, and of not less than two hundred feet in
hickness.

1854.] 7

The hills which separate these Two ancient alluvial valleys are a continuous
chain, and of sufficient altitude to constitute an effectual barrier to the mingling
of the waters of these two rivers, at any point nearer than their present con-
fluence at the city of Pittsburgh- I observed at Rochester, New Brighton, and
at different points along the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, that this deposite
reposes on a dark colored shale, sometimes passing into more compact slate. As
I was descending a hill on the Frankstovvn road, near East Liberty, I discovered
an old acquaintance, a thin stratum of calcareous rock, on which the shale re-
poses, and which in contradistinction to other limestones, belonging to the coal
series I have denominated the ^rj^a-limestone.

This is a somewhat peculiar rock, characterised by containing a vast number
of small bivalve shells, belonging to the genus Atrypa, etc. When long exposed
to the atmosphere, its external surface readily disintegrates, and presents a rag-
ged and shaly appearance, the surface being covered with small Atrypa and pro-
jecting joints of Encrinites.

In some localities I have found in this rock the genera Terebratula, Trilobites,
Plei/.rotomaria, Productus, Spirifer, Bellerophon, Euomphalus, Ammonite and
Orthoceratite. But the joints of Encrinites and the small Atrypa are the charac-
teristic fossils, and distinguish it from all other limestones belonging to the car-
boniferous series. This limestone, in Westmoreland county, is seldom found
more than two or three feet in thickness. But near the Ohio line I found it over
ten feet, it being there a very compact and durable rock, well adapted for agri-
cultural and other purposes. It is exposed at numerous points in Western Penn-
sylvania, and uniformly presents similar lithological and paleontological cha-
racters.

I mentioned, at the commencement of this paper, that this ancient alluvium
was traceable everywhere along the Ohio river and its tributaries which I have
examined, and doubtless along those which I have not so closely surveyed. Those
tributaries to which my attention has been more particularly directed, are the
Beaver, Allegheny, Monongahela, Youghiogeny, Kiskeminitas, Loyalhanna and
Conemaugh rivers, etc., etc. But in the brief and necessarily imperfect delinea-
tion of these remarkable deposites, which I have attempted to give, I have con-
fhied myself to a few localities only, leaving a more extended and minute
description for some future period.

It is not at all improbable that those high bluffs which bound the vast alluvial
valley of the Mississippi river (which is from thirty to fifty miles in width),
were deposited at the same period. Also the alluvial terraces on which the city
of Cincinnati is built, the highest of which is 120 feet above the level of the
Ohio river; and doubtless the natural terraces and ridizes of Lake Erie and
Ontario, which were so graphically delineated by Mr. Charles Whittlesey, of
Cleveland, in the July No., 1850, of the American Journal of Science.

For, in all these localities, fossil teeth and other bones of the mammoth and
mastodon have been found imbedded in this deposite. These animals, which
were once the lords of the creation, the primates of this lower world, perished
and became extinct in that last grand revolution, during which I presume these
ancient sedimentary deposites were slowly and gradually elevated to their pre-
sent position, and which immediately preceded the advent of man.

From the whole of this investigation my mind has been convinced that
the relative position of the rivers and this ancient alluvium through which
they now pass, or along whose borders their waters deeply flow, has changed
since the period of deposition. But when, and in what manner, or by what
cause, are questions not so readily answered as proposed.

The hypothesis of local oscillations, first proposed many years ago by Sir
Charles Lyell, to account for the deposition of the Rhenish loess, will, with
slight modifications, I believe, clearly explain all the phenomena connected with
this post tertiary formation.

Indeed, from the numerous facts upon which this hypothesis is based, it may
be regarded as an exceedingly plausible theory, if not a legitimate induction.

It has lonj; been ascertained that various parts of the earth's surface are now,
and perhaps ever have been, undergoing slow and gradual oscillatory movements.

8 [January,

Parts of Sweden, Norway, and the shores of the gulf of Bothnia, have been
long gradually rising. Also extensive regions of South America have been
undergoing a slow but gradual upheaval, during a period of many centuries. On
the other hand, the gradual sinking of the coast of Greenland, for the space of
more than six hundred miles, during the last 400 years, has been more incon-
trovertibly established by actual markings and critical examinations made by
the most astute minds.

Large portions of the earth's surface have been suddenly upheaved, whilst
others have as suddenly subsided.

The whole coast of Chili was suddenly elevated several feet by the earth-
quake of 1822, producing terrible commotion in the sea, and sending vast waves
over the ocean, which doubtless transported huge masses of rocks many miles
from the shore.

In 1611, an earthquake sank the town of New Madrid, on the Mississippi
river, several feet beneath the waters, the vibrations of which continued three
months.

Many other facts of an analogous character might be adduced, but these are
sufficient to show that various parts of the crust of the earth are now under-
going oscillations, and that it is not at all improbable that the hydrographical
basin of the Ohio may have undergone, at some remote period, similar move-
ments.

First we may suppose that there was a gradual subsidence during a period,
perhaps, of many centuries, of the whole hydrographical basins of the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers, and even extending beyond che limits of their tributary
streams. This depression of the land would necessarily lessen the fall of the
waters into the Gulf of Mexico, and increase the alluvial deposite. After a cer-
tain indefinite period we can readily suppose that this process of subsidence was
reversed, and the whole as gradually upheaved, until the rocks were brought
to their present altitude, when the oscillation ceased.

During this slow upward movement the waters would necessarily cut their
channels through the alluvial deposite, which had been thrown down during the
process of subsidence.

At the commencement of this upward movement we may suppose a sudden
upheaval to have occurred in Beaver county, somewhat analogous to that on the
coast of Chili, in 1822, which would produce such commotion and recoil of the
waters in Beaver river as to cause them to impinge, with terrific force, against
the projecting rocks of the adjacent hills, rive them asunder, and pile thein
as they are now found, over its ancient alluvial bed.

Afterwards, the process of elevation may have been as gradual as that of the
shores of the Gulf of Bothnia, which amounts only to two or three feet in a
century.

In corroboration of this view I may mention, that although the rocks are
nearly horizontal, yet the hills which skirt the shores of this beautiful
stream are often seen cracked from the base to the summit, and the strata, in
places, much disturbed.

Also, the dark, yawning gorges, and broad and deep ravines, cutting entirely
through the hills, indicate, I think, that the rocks here of the ancient coal
measures have undergone great disturbance since the period of their original
deposition.

Notice of American Animals, formerly known, but now forgotten or lost.

By John Le Co.nte.

The writers of the last century have left us descriptions of several animals
which modern research has not since been able to detect. In looking over the
works of these authors, who favored the world with their knowledge so long
ago, it necessarily happens that we find their descriptions more or less imper-
fect, either from the insufficient manner in which they were made, or from that
brevity of expression which was then fashionable in natural science. Hence

1854.] 9

has arisen much confusion and indecision. I have selected from these writers of
a former age, the following animals which appear to have heen then well known,
but are now forgotten or overlooked ; I beg leave to call the attention of natur-
alists to this subject, with the hope that they may be all found and accurately
described, or else struck out from the number of those enumerated among the
productions of America.

Felis rufa, or Bay Cat of Pennant, Arc. Zool., vol i. p. 51.

With yellow irids, ears erect, tufted with black long hair; color of the head,
body, and outside of the legs and thighs a bright bay, obscurely marked with
dusky spots; the forehead marked with black stripes, from the head to the nose;
cheeks white, varied with three or four incurvated lines of black; the under
and upper lip, belly, and inside of the legs and thighs white, the inside of the
upper part of the fore legs crossed with two black bars ; the tail short, upper
part marked with dusky bars and near the end with one of black, the underside
white; fur short and smooth ; twice the size of a common cat, (that is 27 inches
long,) said to come from the interior of New York: probably erroneous. Described
by Mr. Pennant from the living animal.

The common wild cat of our country, found in all the northern, southern, and
western states, has in latter years been confounded with this species ; I think,
however, they cannot but be distinct. Mr. Pennant, the best naturalist that
England has ever produced, could never have confounded two animals so dis-
similar. It is true, in describing one, he had before him the living animal, in
the other a dried skin, but of the last, he could examine hundreds. He certainly
could not have mistaken the indistinct brownish grey of the one for bright bay,
nor could the last color have faded into the other.

The common wild cat, however, never should have been called Felis rufa,
even if it was identical with Pennant's animal, as Ray had described it in his
Synopsis Methodica Animalium, p. 169, as Catus montanus. If these two ani-
mals are the same, why has the name given so long even before the birth of
Pennant, been discarded, in defiance of the rule of priority in nomenclature ;
when it was last described, it was easy to restore the name of montanus. A
just regard for the name of Ray, if nothing else, surely demanded this.

A description follows of the Felis montana, as I knew it in Georgia, made
from numerous specimens either living or recently killed, including probably
every variation to which the animal is liable.

Felis montana. Mountain Cat, Pennant, Arc. Zool., vol. i, p. 51. Catus mon-
tanus, Ray, Synops. Method. Animalium.

Above, hair mixed dusky, and pale brown, top of the head brown striped lon-
gitudinally with dusky, cheeks with dark brown, back with dusky ; the last
sometimes wanting. Irids yellow, ears black, upright, and slightly pencilled,
especially during the winter; with a broad, transverse, cinereous bar. Cheeks
on each side with a large semicircular tuft of long hair. Legs spotted with dark
brown, sides most frequently obscurely spotted with the same, sometimes, how-
ever, not spotted; chin and throat white, with a black stripe on each side, form-
ing an angle ; sometimes these stripes are wanting, or very faintly marked in
pale brown. Belly, inside of the thighs, and hind part of the fore legs whitish,
spotted with black. Tail, above, generally very faintly annulate with brown;
these rings often disappear; tip black, beneath white, which color appears on the
upper part at the tip, whenever the hair is in any way disturbed. Feet beneath
dusky or dark brown.

Mean length of 12 specimens 31 inches, tail 6.

I have given the foregoing very full description, that it may be compared with
the preceding. Most of the marks which are common to the two, belong to al-
most every species of the genus Felis. I add two obscure species, of which but
little is known. I am not willing to pronounce them distinct from each other or
from the montana, without farther examination. The first was seen in Califor-
nia by my son, and the description and measurements were made by him ; the
other is extracted from Lewis and Clarke's travels.

10 [January,

Californian Wild Cat :

Above, mottled white, black, and fuscous, lighter on the sides, which are
slightly barred; beneath, white; legs fuscous, with black bars, much more dis-
tinct on the anterior ones, which are anteriorly white. Ears large, rounded,
black, with a white spot connected with the mastoid part, tip with a short tuft.
Tail short, blunt, barred with darker, tip black with an extreme white point.

Length 31 inches, tail 6, head 4.5, height 1.5.

Lewis and darkens Wild Cat :

Larger than the wild cat of the United States; color of the back, neck, and
sides reddish brown, irregularly varied, with small spots of dark brown, tail two
inches long and nearly white, except the extremity which is black; it terminates
abruptly, as if amputated. Belly white, variegated with small black spots, legs
of the same color as the sides. The back is marked transversely with black
stripes; ears black, on the outer side covered with short fine hair, except at the
upper part, where it is furnished with a parcel of fine, straight, black hair three-
fourths of an inch long. The hair of the animal is long and fine.

This animal was called by Rafinesque, Felis fasciata. I have declined adopt-
ing his name, as he never saw it, and was too much in the habit of describing
things by hearsay, with as much confidence as if he had himself procured them,
and had them lying before him. A drawing or an engraving was sufficient for
him to make a new genus from, as was often the case, I am sorry to say, with
authors of more credit.

Both Charlevoix and Dupratz, mention a species of Felis in Louisiana, which
appears not to have been lately seen ; they call it Pichoux; the following is a
description of it

Pichoux :

Upper part of the head, neck, back, sides, shoulders, and thighs bright tawny,
face striped downwards with black, shoulders and body marked with stripes and
large oblong black spots, the legs with small spots, breast and inner side of the
legs and thighs whitish, spotted with black ; tail long, marked with black, taw-
ny, and grey.

Size of a common cat, (about 18 inches).

Does not appear to be the Felis pardalis, from its smaller size, and probably
different markings, besides being in some of the under parts white. If this ani-
mal is no longer found in Louisiana, it is highly probable that it may be met
with in Texas or New Mexico. Animals at one time extremely common in any
particular country, will suddenly leave it without any visible cause. As an in-
stance of this : previous to the year 1820, no bird was more common in that part
Georgia where I resided, than the Conurus Carolinensis or Parakeet. They would
pass through the air in flocks of from 50 to 100. They suddenly all disappeared,
and for more than thirty years, not one has been seen where they were so abun-
dant. Travellers through Texas and New Mexico, would do well to look for
this beautiful species of cat.

The Chat sauvage, described by Dupratz, vol. ii., p. 93, is an animal well
worth enquiring about. He thus describes it :

Chat sauvage :

He says that it does not feed on animal substances, but on fruits, bread, and
other vegetables. It seems that it w r as easily and often tamed. It is gentle and
frolicsome, and not more than 8 or 10 inches high and about 15 long. The head
like that of a fox : when tamed the color is grey ; when wild, red : its paws have
long toes and short claws ; it has improperly been called a cat, as it has nothing
of the cat about it but its activity, and bears a greater resemblance to the
marmot.

1854.] 11

Silvery Fox, of Louisiana, Penn. I. c, p. 48.

With a fine and thick coat of a deep brown color, overspread with long silvery-
hairs of a most elegant appearance. They differ from most other American
species in their habit of burrowing. The description is borrowed from Dupratz,
vol. ii., p. 92.

This can hardly be the Canis velox.

Pennant in Supp. to Arctic Zoology, p. 52, mentions a whitish grey fox, no
larger than a hare, common among the Archithinne Indians, 4000 skins of
which have been brought in one year to the British factories.

The Comanche Dog :

Common among the Comanche Indians. Naked, except a few stiff hairs about
the mouth. This dog is mentioned by Clavigero, vol. i., p. 56, as an inhabitant
of Mexico, called by the natives Holoitzuicintli. It is remarkable that though
some of these dogs have been brought within the United States, we have no
description of them : they are quite large, being upwards of two feet high, and
used by the natives for hunting. Here is an instance of the absurdity of those
writers who state, that climate has an influence in altering the appearance of
animals ; thus they tell you that the so-called Turkish dog, which is hairless,
has been made so by its progenitors living for numerous generations in a warm
climate ; now here we see an animal equally naked, which inhabits the moun-
tains and cold steppes of the south-west. Of a similar character is the assertion
that sheep lose their wool in the Southern States, and in the West India Islands.

The Water Rat of Pennant, 1. c, p. 130.

With small eyes, ears covered with fur, teeth yellow, body covered with long
black hair, mixed with a few of a rust color, belly of a deep grey.

A Mouse of Louisiana :

Mentioned by Dupratz. Not larger than Mus musculus, of a very bright bay.

These are all the mammals which I can collect, as worthy of being called im-
perfectly known, or rather lost to modern naturalists. I now proceed to consider
the Birds.

Vultur sacra : Bartram's Travels, p. 150.

The head and neck are bare of feathers nearly down to the stomach, where
the feathers begin to cover the skin, and soon become long and of a soft texture,
forming a ruff or tippet, in which the bird, by contracting his neck, can hide that
as well as the head ; the bare skin on the neck appears loose and wrinkled, which
is of a very deep bright yellow color, intermixed with coral red as it approaches
the yellow of the sides and fore part. The crown of the head is red; there are
lobed lappets of a reddish orange color, which lie on the base of the upper man-
dible. But what is singular is, a large portion of the stomach hangs down on the
breast of the bird, in likeness of a sack or half wallet, and seems to be a dupli-
cature of the craw, which is naked and of a reddish flesh color, this is partly
concealed by the feathers of the breast, unless when it is loaded with food, and
then it appears prominent. The plumage of the bird is generally white or cream
colored, except the quill feathers of the wings and two or three rows of the co-
verts, which are of a beautiful dark brown; the tail which is large and white, is
tipt with this dark brown or black, the legs and feet are of a clear white ; the
irids golden ; the pupil black.

The tail was used by the Seminoles as a war standard. Dupratz, vol. ii., p.
109, mentions this bird under the name of White Eagle, and says that the Indians
in whose neighborhood he lived, the Natchez, used the feathers for adorning their
pipe of peace.

Ferruginous Woodpecker : Pennant, 1. C, p. 271.

With a dusky bill, the crown and pendant crest of a pale yellow ; a crimson
bar extends from the mouth along the lower part of the cheek. The cheeks,

12 [January,

back, and coverts of the wings are of a'deep ferruginous color, lower part of the
back of a pale yellow ; primaries ferruginous, barred on their inner webs with
black.

Sent from South Carolina to Mr. Pennant, by Dr. Garden ; therefore there can
be no doubt of its having been obtained near Charleston, although no one has
ever seen it since. The high character of both these gentlemen forbids us to
suppose that there was any deception on either side, either in sending the animal
to Europe, or in its habitat.
The Florida Pheasant :

Mentioned at page 20 of Stork's introduction to John Bartram's Journal of
Travels in East Florida.

I have had described to me a bird, which must have been this, as inhabiting
the hummocks on the banks of St. John's River, but I never had the good fortune
to meet with it.

Norton Sound Bustard, Penn. vol. iii., p. 321.

A Captain Rich informed Mr. Pennant, that at Norton's Sound, in latitude
64 30', he had seen great flocks of a large bird which were very shy, ran very
fast, and for a considerable way before they took wing, so that he could never
get one shot.

Black Ibis, Bartram's Travels, p. 148.

Black on the upper side, breast and belly white, legs and beak as white as
snow. Size of Ibis alba.

Red-billed Heron, Pennant, Supp., p. 65.

With a red bill. Irids yellow, legs green, plumage white.

There are many of the smaller birds of America described by Pennant, that I
am convinced are not now known, and many more that have lately been de-
scribed as new species, that were well known to the English naturalist. Not
being, however, sufficiently acquainted with the ornithology of our country, I
cannot, without devoting too much time to the subject, determine which they
are. It has all along been the custom with American naturalists, entirely to
neglect everything that this illustrious man and elegant scholar has written on
the subject of our animals; but it would be a labor well repaid by the thanks
of every lover of science, if any one would go over his Arctic Zoology, and give
us the scientific names of every thing which he has described.

There remain only a few reptiles to be added to this list : there can be no dif-
ficulty in obtaining them if they really exist, and I cannot see how any one can
doubt of their existence. A very little attention on the part of persons living
where they are said to be found, would soon make us acquainted with them.

Trionyx, of Bartram. Travels, p. 177.

They are flat and thin, two and a half feet in length, and eighteen inches in
breadth across the back ; in form resembling the sea tortoise, the whole back
shell except the vertebrae or ridge, which is not at all prominent, and ribs on each
side, is soft and cartilaginous, and easily reduced to a jelly when boiled ; the an-
terior and posterior extremities of the back shell appear to be embossed with
round horny warts or tubercles ; the belly or nether shell is but small and car-
tilaginous, except a narrow cross bar connecting it at each end with the back
shell, which is hard and osseous ; the head is large and clubbed, of nearly an
oval form, the upper mandible is however, protruded forward and truncated,
somewhat resembling a swine's snout, at the extreme end of which the nostrils
are placed ; on each side of the base or root of this proboscis are the eyes, which
are large. The upper beak is hooked and sharp like a hawk's bill ; the lips and
corners of the mouth large, tumid, wrinkled and barbed with long pointed warts
which can be projected or contracted at pleasure, which gives the creature a
frightful and disagreeable countenance.

Inhabits St. John's river, Florida.

It is a remarkable circumstance, that although this tortoise is found as it were
at our very doors, no one has ever seen it since the venerable author of the pre-

1854.] 13

ceding description noticed it in his travels. There can be no doubt of its exist-
ence in St. John's river of Florida, and that it can be obtained at any time.
Although it is represented in the figure attached to the description with five
claws on all the feet, this does not detract from the truth of the account. If this
be an error, I attribute it to his not having made a complete drawing of it at the
time when he first saw it, and afterwards having finished it from memory ; from
this may have resulted the error, if there is one. Although I do not see any more
difficulty in a Trionyx having claws on all his toes, than in a Cistudo having
three claws when it has five toes j in this case there is a subtraction, in the
other an addition. It has been said that this wa3 an incorrect and exaggerated
figure of the Trionyx spiniferus (spinifer) of Lesueur. Nothing can be more
absurd than this assertion. Lesueur's species has on the front part of the cara-
pace a series of small pointed warts not easily discoverable, while Bartram's
animal has larger extensible and contractile tubercles on the head and neck. I
remember when it was much the custom to ridicule Mr. Bartram, and to doubt
the truth of many of his relations. For my own part I must say, that having
travelled in his track I have tested his accuracy, and can bear testimony to the
absolute correctness of all his statements. I travelled through Florida before it
was overrun by its present inhabitants, and found every thing exactly as he re-
ported it to be when he was there, even to the locality of small and insignificant
plants. Mr. Bartram was a man of unimpeached integrity and veracity, of
primeval simplicity of manners and honesty unsuited to these times, when such
virtues are not appreciated.

Apalone hudsonica, Rafinesque, Annals of Nature, p. 3.

Upper shell rounded-elliptical, fiat, entire, soft, with a small anterior keel,
yellowish with brown spots, and a circular black line near the margin. Two
long oculated spots before and behind the eyes. Nose proboscidal; jaws with-
out a bill. Lower shell anterior. Body denudated behind. Tail obtuse, mu-
cronate, shorter than the shell. Five palmated toes to all the feet, with small
claws. Length 2 to 6 inches.

Found in the Hudson river between the falls of Hadley, Glen, and Baker, and
further up to the source. Called Mud Turtle.

Although this description was published long ago by Rafinesque, no one, that
I know of, has ever thought fit to look for the animal. Now, although Rafin-
esque was certainly insane and apt to see and describe things w r hich had no real
existence, yet when his descriptions appear full and complete, and his localities
accurately specified, it certainly is worth while to look for the objects he pro-
fesses to have seen. Why do not some of our young naturalists take such things
in hand ? Advancing age forbids me.

The slender Lizard, Penn. Supp., p. 86.

About eight inches long, as slender as a crow-quill; head small, tail blunt and
of equal thickness ; body marked from head to tail with lines of pale brown and
black, belly lead color ; top of the nose and tail white.

Salamandra.

1 once saw, and indeed had in my possession, a Triton or Salamandra, which
was sent from New Orleans, of which the following is a short description. I add
it in this place because it was a most extraordinary animal.

Dusky, speckled with yellowish white, and inclining to blown on the belly ;
everywhere except on the belly and tail covered with small warts, so as to re-
semble shagreen; tail blunt, with a narrow fin wrinkled longitudinally and trans-
versely so as to appear striated and articulated. Length 5 in. .75.

The preceding are all the animals which I can find that have once been more
or less particularly described, but of which at present no one knows anything. I
might have added to the list many that have been described by Rafinesque, but
the most of them appear in their coloring, as well as in other characteristics, so
opposed to everything known of congeneric species, as to render it extremely
probable that the author was laboring under some delusion when he published

14 [January,

them. It is well known that he was in the habit of describing things which he
never saw, and in his eagerness to claim a priority in discovery, to describe the
same object two or three times over under different names.

It is to be hoped that the reading of these few pages will turn the attention of
naturalists in the Southern and Western States to the investigation of the few
species pointed out as forgotten or lost, and that we will not remain long with-
out knowing whether they have a real existence.

The Committee on Mr. Conrad's " Synopsis of the Genera Paraph ol as
and Penicilla " reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

A report was read from a Committee appointed at the meeting of 3d
inst., to inquire into the expediency of having an Address delivered be-
fore the Society at its Anniversary on the 21st of March next, and to
nominate a suitable person to prepare such an Address, recommending
the same, and nominating Win. Parker Foulke, Esq.

The Report was adopted and the nomination confirmed.

A Report was also read and adopted from a Committee appointed at
a late meeting to enquire into the expediency of assembling the members
of the Academy at an Anniversary Dinner on the same day, (21st of
March,) and in favor of the same.

A Resolution was also adopted, appointing a Committee of Arrange-
ments for the occasion.

Committee, Dr. Ruschenberger, Mr. Cassin, Prof. Carson, Mr. H. C.
Hanson, and Mr. Wm. P. Foulke.

ELECTION.

Lieut. D. M. Couch, U. S. A. was elected a Correspondent.
The Society then elected the following list of Standing Committees
for 1854.

Committees for 1854.

Ethnology, John S. Phillips, B. H. Coates, M. D., J. Aitken Meigs,
M. D.j Comparative Anatomy and General Zoology, Joseph Leidy,
Edward Hallowell, John H. Brinton ; Mammalogy, John Le Conte,
James C. Fisher, Samuel W. Woodhouse ', Ornithology, John Cassin,
Edward Harris, George A.McCaU; Herpetology and Ichthyology , Edward
Hallowell, John Cassin, Gavin Watson ; Conchology, T. A. Conrad,
Thos. B.Wilson, W. S. W. Ruschenberger; Entomology and Crustacea,
S. S. Haldeman, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Robert Bridges ; Botany, Robert
Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Elias Durand ; Palaeontology, Thomas B.
Wilson, Joseph Leidy, Charles E. Smith ; Geology, Isaac Lea, Aubrey
H. Smith, J. P. Lesley ) Mineralogy, William S. Vaux, Samuel Ash-
mead, John C. Trautwine; Physics, James C. Fisher, B. Howard Rand,
Edmund Draper; Library, Robert Pearsall, Wm. P. Foulke, H. C.
Hanson ; Proceedings, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Joseph Leidy, W. S. W.
Ruschenberger.

1854.] 15

February ItJi.
Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From the Natural History Association of Halle, acknowledging the
receipt of the Proceedings, vol. 6, No. 6, and transmitting the volume of
Memoirs of that Society, announced this evening.

From the Trustees of the New York State Library, acknowledging
the receipt of the Proceedings, vol. 6, No. 12.

From Mrs. M. K. Wetherill, dated Philadelphia, Feb. 1st, 1854,
acknowledging the receipt of a copy of the Resolution adopted Dec. 27,
1853.

From Dr. W. P. Gibbons, Corresponding Secretary of the California
Academy of Natural Sciences, dated San Francisco, Dec. 31, 1853, ac-
companying the botanical specimens presented this evening.

Mr. Lea read a paper entitled " Rectification of Mr. T. A. Conrad's
Synopsis of the Family of Naiades of North America, published in the
Proceedings of the Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, February, 1853."
Referred to Dr. Leidy, Prof. Haldeman and Dr. Wilson.

February 21st.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From Lieut. D. M. Couch, U. S. A., dated Washington, Feb. 7th,
1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Corres-
pondent,

From the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow, dated October
6th, 1852, transmitting the numbers of the Balletin of that Society an-
nounced this evening.

From M. Vauquelin, dated Paris, Aug. 20th, 1853, transmitting a
pamphlet on the subject of certain instruments, and a new suture for
the treatment of Ectropion, invented by him.

The Corresponding Secretary read from the Placer Times and Tran-
script, (published at San Francisco,) Jan. 14th, 1854, an extract from
the Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences, claim-
ing priority of description of viviparous fish inhabiting the Bay of San
Francisco, for Dr. Wm. P. Gibbons. Dr. Gibbons proposes the generic
name Holconote, and for one species H. Agassizi. For another species
the California Academy proposed H. Gibbonsensis.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Descriptions of some Coleoptera from Oregon, collected
by Dr. J. G. Cooper, &c, &c. j" and also a second paper entitled
" Synopsis of the (Edemeridag of the United States ;" both of which
were referred to Dr. Zantzinger, Prof. Haldeman and Mr. Cooke.

16 [February,

February 2th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Le Conte's papers read at the meeting of 21st
inst., reported in favor of publication.

Descriptions of some new Coleoptera from Oregon, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper
of the North Pacific R. R. Expedition, tinder Gov. J. J. Stevens.

By John L. LeConte, M. D.

The following species were contained in a collection recently made by Dr.
Cooper, and kindly placed in my hands by Prof. Baird. The total number
of species collected was nearly 70; among which are specimens of Omus
De j e a n ii and Audouini. Among the described species, not before noticed
in our territory, is Ancylochira L a n g i i, (Buprestis Langii, Mann.) and
among species also found on the Atlantic side of the continent, Haplochile p y g-
maea, Lee {Morio pyg. Dej.), Clytus undulatus Say, Monohammus s c u-
t e 1 a r i s Say, Hispa v i 1 1 a t a Fabr., Eumolpus a u r a t u s Fabr., Galleruca
canadensis Kirby.

This indicates, that notwithstanding the extensive collections which have
been made both in California and Russian America, the Coleoptera of Western
America are still comparatively unknown, and that consequently even small
.collectious made by travellers, who have but little time to devote to science,
will possess very great scientific value.

Cicindela, n. sp. The thorax of the specimen has been destroyed, and the
species can therefore be made known only approximately, until the native species
of the genus have been properly arranged in systematic order. The species in
question seems most closely allied to C. longilabris Say, which it resembles
exactly in its markings, but the elytra are less deeply punctured, and of a dull
greenish bronze color; the apex is broadly rounded and finely serrate; the suture
is armed with a minute spine. The labrum is not longer than is usual in the
species of the genus, and entirely resembles in form C. 12-guttata, having only
one distinct tooth at the middle; the palpi (of the female) are black; the sculp-
ture of the head precisely as C. 12-guttata.

Platynus, a species resembling P. obsoletus (Feronia obs. Say,) in every re-
spect except that the elytra are somewhat wider. I have not yet investigated
this genus sufficiently to pronounce upon the value of such a difference.

Carabus oregonensis, cyaneo-niger thorace fere opaco, latitudine vix
breviore minus convexo dense intricato-rugoso, antice posticeque angustato,
lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis modice productis, apice rotundatis, lateribus
pone medium subreflexis, elytris thorace fere duplo latioribus subtiliter striolato-
punctatis, foveis minus profundis serie triplici impressis. Long. -85.

One male found at Prairie Paso. This species is closely related to C. taedatus
Fabr. (also found by Dr. Cooper,) but the thorax is proportionally smaller and
narrower and much more densely and finely rugose ; the rugosities of the head
are also smaller, and the impressions less deep ; the striae of the elytra and the
impressed foveas are all less marked.

Calosoma aenescens, nigroaeneus, crassiusculus, thorace latitudine plus
duplo breviore, subtilius dense intricato-rugoso, basi utrinque late foveato, lateri-
bus latius rotundatis pone medium modice reflexis angulis posticis paulo productis
rotundatis, elytris thorace latioribus seriatim punctatis, foveisque aeneis triplici
serie impressis, interstitiis catenatim paulo elevatis, tibiis intermediis rectis.
Long. .8-

Both sexes, found at Fort Vancouver. This species is very'different from C.
tepidum and calidum by the thorax being less rounded on the sides and the pos-
terior angles being distinctly prolonged. To Callisthenes it approaches by its
form, but the wings are large, and the outer points of the antennae are entirely
pubescent. The spaces between the foveas of the elytra are also quite distinctly
elevated.

1854.] 17

Ancylochira a d i e c t a, supra splendide viridiaenea, dense punctata, crassius-
cula, thorace latitudine fere triplo breviore, antrorsum anguslato, lateribus late
rotundatis cuprascentibus, late canaliculate-, elytris lateribus late, sutura an-
guste cupreis, costis utrinque 4, scutellarique cum sutura confluente elevatis
laevibus nitidis, costa altera subsuturali fere integra adiecta, interstitiis dense
punctatis, apice subemarginata. Long. *6, lat '25.

One specimen found between Fort Vancouver and Yokolt Plain, in July. This
species belongs to a group of species having the form of A. aurulenta and striata,
but differs from all the others known to me by having obsolete costae in the in-
tervals between the four ordinary costae, and by having an additional costa ex-
tending nearly from the apex to the base between the elevated suture and the
normal first dorsal costa. The head is entirely free from hair, and is uniformly
punctured ; the under surface of the body is bright coppery, tinged with green,
moderately punctured; the prosternum is broadly impressed between the coxae,
and is not hairy.

Ancylochira lauta, supra splendide viridi-aurea, dense punctata, fronte non
concava fere glabra, thorace latitudine plus duplo breviore, antrorsum angustato,
lateribus late rotundatis cuprascentibus, late canaliculato, elytris lateribus late,
sutura anguste cupreis, costis 4, alteraque scutellari cum sutura confluente nitidis
laevibus elevatis, interstitiis dense granulato-punctatis, apice vix truncata.
Long. -58 '75.

Abundant in Oregon, whence it has been brought by Dr. Townsend, Capt.
Wilkes' Expedition, Col. M/Call and Dr. Cooper. Resembles the brilliant
variety of A. striata, but is distinguished by its more robust form, and by the
costae of the elytra being impunctured. A variety occurs in which the elytra have
each a broad blue vitta, extending from the first to the third costa. The body be-
neath is coppery, somewhat hairy, and the antepectus is impressed between the
coxae ; the front has a narrow somewhat smooth medial line.

Ancylochira radians, supra splendide'viridi-aurea, dense punctata fronte
concava, longe albo-pilosa, thorace latitudine vix duplo breviore, antrorsum an-
gustato, lateribus late subrotundatis cuprascentibus, disco late canaliculato,
elytris sutura margineque cupreis, costisque quatuor alteraque scutellari cum
sutura confluente nitidis elevatis laevibus, interstitiis dense granulato-punctatis,
apice subtruncata. Long. *6, lat. -23.

One specimen found at Fort Vancouver. It is with some hesitation that I
venture to describe this species as distinct : its general form is narrower than A.
lauta, and is very much that of A. striata: from the latter it differs by the
somewhat concave and pilose front. The pectus is as in the other species, but
is densely clothed with long white hair. The under surface is coppery golden,
more densely punctured than in the preceding.

Ancylochira pl'acida, viridi-aurea, cupreo-tincta, confertissime punctata,
thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus late ro-
tundatis, postice transversim impresso, elytris vitta cuprea utrinque ornatis,
striis punctatis haud distincte impressis, apice conjunctim rotundatis, Long. 29.

Collected by the late J. K. Townsend, in Oregon, and given me by Mr. Will-
cox, as Phcenops placida of the Berlin museum. The form of body is more
cylindrical than in the other species known to me; the pectus is not canaliculate,
and the prolongation of the sternum is broader and more obtuse than in A.
decora, or the other species with which I have compared it. The insect, though
differing from Ancylochira in having the scutel slightly pointed behind, ap-
proaches much nearer to that genus than to Phaenops, and until a revision is made
of the genera of our native Buprestidae on more natural characters than have
been hitherto employed in their study, should be suffered to remain where I
have placed it.

Ellycbnia facula, elongato-elliptica, atra tenuiter pubescens, thorace latitu-
dine vix breviore, disco convexiusculo, lateribus et apice concavis reflexis
punctatis, macula submarginali lunata rosea ornato, elytris dense punctulatis
linea unica dorsali obsoleta utrinque notata. Long. *52.

One specimen, Prairie Paso, differs from E. corrusca by its less dilated

2

18 [February.

form, and longer thorax, and by Ike presence of only one elevated line on each
elytron.

Lytta Cooperi, atra, capite thoraceque laete fulvis, nitidis laevigatis, illo
basi subemarginato, ante oculos nigro, hoc pentagonali, latitudine breviore, an-
gulis lateralibus acatis, dorso deplanato, elytris lineis elevatis grosse reticulatis ;
antennis extus incrassatis, articulis rotundatis, tibiis posticis calcari externo lon-
giore dilatato. Lous- - 73.

Wenass river, to Fort Colville. It affords me great pleasure to dedicate this
fine species to Dr. Cooper, to whose taste for natural history we are indebted
for the present interesting collection.

This species belongs to group (A b) of my synopsis of Meloides, (Proc.
Acad. 6, 334,) near L. vulnerata, but is very distinct by the reticulated elytra.

Ditylus gracilis, elongatus ater, tenuiter pubescens, thorace latitudine lon-
giore, obovato postice angustato, lateribus antice rotundatis, dense punctulato,
late profunde canaliculato, disco utrinque ante medium subfoveato, elytrts subti-
liter granulato-punctatis, lineis 4 distinctis subelevatis. Long. 63.

One specimen found between Fort Vancouver and Yokolt Plain, in July. Very
different from the two species mentioned on p. 20, by the more slender form and
elongate thorax; the dorsal channel is dilated and bifurcated towards the apex
and base of the thorax.

Phymatodes aeneus, osneo-piceus, parcius pubescens, thorace latitudine bre-
viore, rotundato punctulato, antice posticeque marginato, elytris thorace paulo
latioribus, nitidissimis, parce punctatis, femoribus valde clavatis, antennarum
basi rufescente. Long. *3.

One specimen found betw r een Fort Vancouver and Yokolt Plain. Somewhat
resembles in appearance P. sereus.

Asemum a s p e r u m, nigro-piceum, tenuiter pubescens, capite scabro-punctato,
oculis magnis valde emarginatis, thorace latitudine breviore rotundato, punctato,
medio late excavato, versus latera punctis elevatis exasperato, elytris subtiliter
scabris, lineis duabus obsoletis vix distinctis. Long. *7 *9.

Prairie Paso, July to August. This fine species seems intermediate between
Criocephalus and Asemum ; the eyes, although nearly as large as in the former
genus, are deeply emarginate; the antennae are hardly half as long as the body,
and pubescent. The discoidal excavation of the thorax does not extend much
in front of the middle.

Crossidius ? h i r t i p e s, ater, thorace confertim punctato, latitudine breviore,
lateribus obtuse armatis, basi marginata, disco utrinque pone medium subfo-
veato, elytris confertim subtilius punctatis, fulvis, sutura basique nigro-margi-
natis, abdomine sanguineo, basi obscuro ; subtus parcius longe pilosus, tibiis
intus dense pilosis. Long. *5

One specimen, Wenass river to Fort Colville. The palpi and antennae are
destroyed: it is possible that this should form a separate genus, but the man-
dibles are emarginate at tip as in Crossidius, from which it seems to differ in
having the thorax obtusely armed at the sides, as in Purpuricenus. The upper
surface may have been hairy, as in C. testaceus, but the hair is now en-
tirely removed. The elevated lines of the elytra are hardly visible.

Toxotus flavolineatus, niger, flavo-pubescens, thorace antice posticeque
valde constricto, nitido parcius punctulato, canaliculato, lateribus tuberculo magno
acuto armatis elytris a basi angustatis, thorace duplo latioribus dense punctu-
latis et rugosis, margine a basi fere ad apicem vittaque dorsali postice evanes-
cente antice abbreviata utrinque ornatis, apice intus subtruncata. Long. 1*0.

One specimen, Fort Vancouver to Yokolt Plain. On each side of the yellow
dorsal vitta is a distinct elevated line.

Strangalia vitiosa, nigra, flavo-pubescens, capite rufo-variegato, thorace
confertim punctato, latitudine breviore antrorsum angustato, lateribus subangu-
latis basique subito depressa testaceis, disco nigro, subcanaliculato, postice utrin-
que oblique impresso, elytris punctatis fiavis, a basi angustatis, macula laterali

1854.] VJ

ad medium apiceque late nigris, ilia oblique intus emarginata, pedibus testaceis
femoribus tibiisque posticis ad apicem genubus tarsisque nigris, antennis pallido
annulatis. Long. -7.

Two specimens, one having the third joint of the antennae black, the other,
having it pale at the base, like the following joints : Fort Vancouver and Prairie
Paso. This species resembles very closely S. obliterata, but the thorax is
shorter and more dilated posteriorly; the impressions are much stronger, and the
disc is separated from the base by a sudden declivity ; the basal margin is also
yellow, and there is no trace of the two elytral spots before the middle ; the
apex of the elytra is not at all rufous.

In the description of S. obliterata (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 328) the
testaceous sides of the thorax and the annulate antennas are not mentioned ;
they were overlooked on account of the dark color of the specimen from which
the description was made.

Plectrura product a, nigro-picea, parce griseo pubescens, guttulis flavo-pu-
bescentibus parce adspersa, confertim rugose punctata, thorace callo dorsali
parvo, elytris callis subquinque-seriatis nitidis parce ornatis, apice non crenula-
tis, singulatim longe acuminatis, antennis annulatis. Long. 5.

One specimen, Fort Vancouver. This species does not agree with the des-
cription of P. sprnicauda Mann. (Bull. Mosc. 1852, 366). The thorax has a
strong: lateral spine, with some smaller ones around it, as required in the generic
description, but the tips of the elytra are not crenulate; the smooth tubercles
form five series, of which only the outer one is entire; the others are imperfect,
containing only three or four tubercles each ; the sutural one is indistinct, the
second ends just behind the middle ; the third and fourth are abbreviated at each
end, commencing about one-third from the base, and ending at one-fifth from the
apex ; the scutellum and a little thoracic line anterior to it are more densely
pubescent, with yellow hair, than any other portions.

Tetraopes oregonensis, niger, capite thorace elytrisque coccineis (pallide
pubescens ?) thorace nigro-4-punctato, disco medio subito elevato, antice pos-
ticeque valde constricto, lateribus subito valde dilatatis, parcius punctate
elytris parce punctatis puncto humerali, duobus ante medium, altero utrinque
pone medium, scutelloque nigris, pedibus antennarumque articulo lmo coccineis.
tarsis, genubus, tibiisque posticis nigris. Long. -55.

Wenass River to Fort Colville. This species has the form of T.femora-
t us Lee, but the thorax is still more dilated on the sides. From T. basalis
(the only other species known to me in which the base of the antennae is red)
it is easily known by the sudden elevation of the disc of the thorax. The
pubescence has been removed by the alcohol, and I am therefore uncertain
whecher the antennae are annulated. The black spots of the elytra are in the
usual position, but are very small, and, with the exception of the humeral one,
disappear entirely in many specimens.

Coccinella subversa, hemispherica nigra, capite ante oculos albo (ore, cly-
peoque feminae nigris) thorace subtiliter punctulato, lateribus rotundatis, macula
antica ad angulos quadrata, apiceque albis, elytris distincte at subtiliter punctu-
latis scutello nigro, et praecipue macula obliqua ad medium nigra notatis.
Long. '2.

This species resembles closely C. c a lifo r n i c a, but is smaller, and the
elytra are much more distinctly punctulate.

Hippodamia mo est a, rufescente-nigra, nitida, dense subtiliter pur,ctulata,
macula frontali rhomboidea, thoracis margine laterali antice posticeque latiore,
linea media ante medium, guttisque dorsalibus duabus albis, elytris thorace lati-
oribus macula laterali triangulari ad quadratem posticum alba ornatis. Long. 3.

Prairie Paso. The ungues are acutely toothed, as in most species of the genus ;
the white triangular spot of the elytra is between one-fourth and one-fifth from
the apex, and is somewhat dilated along the margin in one specimen.

Necrophorus p o 1 1 i n c t o r, niger, thorace ovali, transverso, marginibus late
depressis, disco tenuiter canaliculato, fortius transversim impresso, elytris par-

20 [FEBRUARY^

cius punctatis macula ad medium laterali in epipleuram extenso, aJteraque parva
lunata anteapicali rubris, pectore flavo-pubescente, abdomine breviter griseo-
ciliato, tibiis posticis rectis. Long. -58.

Fort Vancouver to Yokolt Plain. Of the species found in the Atlantic States,
this approaches most nearly toN. sexpustulatus; the thorax is almost pre-
cisely as in that species, but is more profoundly impressed j the margin is punc-
tured, the disc in one specimen is smooth, in the other obsoletely punctulate^
The antennae are entirely black.

Necrophorus confossor, niger, thorace ovali, transverso marginibus punc-
tatis late depressis, disco parce punctulato canaliculato, transversim valde im-
presso, elytris sat punctatis fasciis duabus dentatis (prima ad suturam extendente.
epipleurisque auruntiacis, pectore anoque fiavo-piloso, antennarum clava aurun-
tiaca basi nigro-picea tibiis posticis rectis. Long. '68.

One specimen, Prairie Paso. This species closely resembles in appearance
N. marginatus, but the thorax is less narrowed posteriorly, and the depressed
margins are considerably broader, being, in fact, very much as in the preceding
species, or N. n i g r i t a.

Alophus d idy m u s, niger, opacus, ochreo-fusco subtiliter dense pubescens y
rostro canaliculato, thorace dense punctato, latitudine vix breviore antice pro-
funde constricto lateribus antice paulo rotundatis tenuiter canaliculato, vitta
utrinque sublaterali densius pallide pubescente, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus,
dense subtiliter rugose punctulatis, ochreo nigroque subtesselatis, gutta utrinque
ante medium, alteraque ad dodrantem densius pallide pubescentibus. Long. *48.

Fort Vancouver ; collected also by the late J. K. Townsend. Somewhat
smaller and narrower than A. alternatus Say, and readily distinguished by the
different form of the thorax and by the entire absence of elytral striae. I have
adopted the name under which it is known in the Berlin Museum.

I have several species of Curculionidae, from various sources, collected in Ore-
gon, but being unable to determine with certainty the genera to which they belong,
and being in truth not at all satisfied with the elaborate arrangement used by
Schonherr, I forbear describing them until I can bring them all together ; re-
flecting that more confusion may be produced by referring a species to an impro-
per genus, than by suffering it to remain undescribed.

Synopsis of the CEde.meridje of the United States.
By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Although I can contribute but two new species, at present, to this small
family of Coleopterous insects, it seems desirable that a concise list of the
species already described should be presented, as the descriptions have become
somewhat scattered, and some of the species have been placed in wrong genera.
The trenera allied to Xylophilus are placed in this family by some entomologists,
but the association does not seem natural, and the species are therefore not in-
cluded in this synopsis.

Calopus Fabr.

1. C. angustus Lee. Ann. Lye. of New York, 5-, 158- Santa Fe, New
Mexico.

Ditylus Fisch.
J. D. quadricollis Lee Ann. Lye. 5, 157. Oregon.

2. D. c ce r u 1 e us Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2nd, 1, 96. Upis carulens
Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 20. Maine and Lake Superior.

This species is very closely allied to D. lae v is of Europe, but differs by the
thorax being finely punctured, less rounded on the sides, less narrowed posteri-
orly, and by the basal angles being less prominent.

3. D. gracilis Lee Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7, 18% Oregon^

1854.] 21

Anoncodes Schmidt, {emend. Redt.)

1. A. melanura Redt. Kafer, 623. Cantharis mel. Linn. Syst. Nat. Necy-
dalis notata Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 353 : Syst. El. 2, 371. (Edemera a.picialis Say,
Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 188. Nacerdes melamtra Schm. Linn. Entom. 1.29 :
Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2nd, 1, 96.

For the complete synonymy of this species, which is found on both conti-
nents, see Schmidt's memoir above quoted, and Redtenbacher's Kiifer, p. 623.
The insect is most abundant in the vicinity of our cities, and has probably been
introduced by commerce. The synonymy omitted relates to its occurrence on
the eastern continent, and therefore has no place in our local fauna. Redten-
bacher very properly unites Nacerdes with Anoncodes.

Asclera Schmidt.

1. A. dorsalis. Nacerda dorsalis Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 55.
* Xanthochroa vittata Say,' Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc 2nd, 1, 96. Sea shore,
South Carolina, Texas : abundant in June. The anterior tibiae have two dis-
tinct terminal spurs, so that the species cannot be referred to either of the
genera in which it has been previously placed. I can see no reason why it
should be separated from Asclera, with many of the species of which it
agrees in form.

2. A. taeniata, elongata, testacea tenuiter pubescens, thorace obovato,
latitudine longiore, confertim punctulato, disco utrinque ante medium late im-
presso, lateribus piceis, elytris confertim punctulatis, piceis, margine suturaque
testaceis, abdomine picescente, antennarum articulo lmo 3io longiore. Long.
28 36.

Georgia: although resembling the next species in color, this is readily dis-
tinguished by the absence of elevated lines on the elytra, and by the basal joint
of the antennae being longer than the third joint : the thorax is also of a different
form, being regularly obovate, and without a transverse impression. The an-
tennae and anterior tibiae are sometimes slightly fuscous.

3. A. lateralis Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. 2d, 1, 96. Nacerda lateralis
Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 54. A. signaticollis Hald. loc. cit. 96. Mid-
dle and Southern States.

A. signaticollis Hald. is merely a variety of this species in which the brown
color has extended over the greater part of the head and legs, and in which the
testaceous margin of the elytra has also disappeared.

4. A. bicolor Lee Ann. Lye. 5, 158. Oregon.

5. A. thoracica Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc 2d, 1, 97. Necydalis thora-
cica Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 370. Olivier, Enc Meth. 8. 447. (Edemera fraxini Say,
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 272. Middle and Southern States.

6. A. notoxoides Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 96. Necydalis
notoxoides Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 369. Olivier, Enc Meth. 8, 447. Southern States.

7. A. excavata Lee Am. 5, 158. San Diego, California.

8. A.ruficollis Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1,96. (Edemera
rvficollis Say, Journ. Acad. 3, 271. Ischnomera carinata Newm. Ent. Mag. 5,
378. Middle and Southern States.

9. A. puncticollis Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. I, 96. (Edemera
puncticollis Say. Journ. Acad. 3, 273. Lake Superior and New York; Missouri,
(Say).

10. A. o b s c u r a, nigro-picea, opaca, tenuiter fusco-pubescens, ore rufescente,
thorace latitudine breviore, obovato, subtiliter dense punctato rufo disco pur-
purascente, callo ad medium sublsvi, tenuiter canaliculato, basi distinctius
marginata, elytris subtiliter dense punctulatis lineis duabus obsoletis elevatis,
antennarum articulo lmo 3io non longiore. Long. -44.

Two specimens Sta Fe, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. The thorax is broader,
and anteriorly more narrowed behind than in any other of our species. The last
(11th) joint of the antennae is nearly one half longer than the 10th, and is dis

oo

[February.

tinctly constricted as in Ditylus at the middle. The labrum and base of the
mandibles are reddish ; and the thorax is ferruginous, exhibiting a violet tinge at
the middle of the disc, where there is an indistinct smooth space.

(Edemera vestita Say, Journ. Acad. 3, 273. Missouri. Unknown to me.

(Edemera erythrocephala Germ. Ins. Nov. 167. Kentucky; probably
A sclera, but unknown to me.

Ischnomera unicolor Mels. Proc. Acad. 3, 54, is very similar and per-
haps identical with the European Asclera ccerulea.

' Dryops rufifrons, cyanea, capite thoraceque rufis.' Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1,
2, 76; Syst. El. 2, 68. Unknown to me.

A letter was read from Wm. Parker Foulke, Esq., dated February
3d, 1854, accepting the appointment to deliver an Address before the
Academy on the 21st of March next, the anniversary of its foundation.

Mr. Vaux, on behalf of the Publication Committee, reported the pub-
lication of Part 4, Yol. 2, new series, of the Journal.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and adopted.

Mr. Vaux read a letter from Prof. J. Lawrence Smith, dated Wash-
ington, Dec. 20th, 1854, transmitting a portion of a highly interesting
Meteorite from Tennessee, and asking in exchange fragments of Me-
teorites in the Cabinet of the Academy, for analysis.

Referred to the Committee on Mineralogy.

ELECTION.

George Harding, Esq. and Fairman Rogers, Esq., of Philadelphia,
Dr. Thomas J. Turner, U. S. Navy, and George Dock, M. D., of
Harrisburg, were elected Members; and Charles Enderlin, M, D,, of
New York, was elected a Correspondent.

1854.] 23

March 7th, 1854..

Dr. Elwyn in the Chair.
Letters were read :

From the American Philosophical Society, dated Feb. 17th, 1854 ;
from the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, dated Feb. 21, 1854,
and from the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, dated Nov. 2,
1854, severally acknowledging the receipt of the Publications of the
Academy.

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, dated Nov. 2,
1853, transmitting the volumes acknowledged this evening.

The Corresponding Secretary read a printed circular from the Port-
land (Maine) Natural History Society, dated Jan., 1854, giving an ac-
count of the destruction by fire of their entire Cabinet and Library, and
soliciting donations in aid of a renewal of the same.

Referred to the Curators and Library Committee, with power to act.

A paper, intended for publication in the Proceedings, was read, en-
titled " Descriptions of new species of Fishes collected in Texas, New
Mexico and Sonora, by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S. and Mexican
Boundary Survey, and in Texas by Capt. Stewart Yan Yliet, U. S. A.,
Part 2 ; by S. F. Baird and C. Girard." Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr.
Hallowell and Mr. Cassin.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled u Note on the genus Amblychila, Say; which was referred' to
Dr. Zantzinger, Mr. Ashmead and Dr. Leidy.

Mr. Conrad presented the following papers, viz., " Rectification of the
generic names of Tertiary Fossil shells," and " Notes on Shells, with
descriptions of three recent and one fossil species/' both of which, being
intended for publication, were referred to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Hanson and
Dr. Le Conte.

Mr. Cassin announced the decease of Mr. John Speakman, one of the
few remaining founders of the Academy.

March lAth.
Yice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from George Dock, M. D., dated Harrisburg, Penna.,
March 4th, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as
a member.

Also a letter from G. H. Kuntz, of Leipzig, dated Feb. 11, 1854, in
reference to a collection of Birds' Eggs for sale in that city, with a cata-
logue of prices. Referred to the Curators.

March 2Sth.

Yice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committees, to which were referred papers read March 7th, by
Prof. Baird and Charles Girard, by Dr. Le Conte, and by Mr. Conrad,
severally reported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VII., NO. II. 3

24 [March.

Descriptions of new species of Fishes collected in Texas, New Mexico and So-
nora, by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey,
and in Tjx*s by Capt. Stewart Van Vliet, U. S. A.*

By F. S. Baird and Charles Girard.

Second Part.

VERC0ID2E.

1. Pomotis spectosus, B. and G. Body ovate, gibbous on the nape; snout
small. Head forming the fourth of the total length. Eyes large, their diameter
one fourth of the length of the side of the head. Mouth small, posterior ex-
tremity of intermaxillary extending to a vertical line passing in advance of the
orbit. Peduncle of the tail well developed; caudal with its posterior margin
emarginated, and forming lictle less than the fifth of the total length. Pectorals
elongated, their tips reaching as far backwards as those of the ventrals, and to
the anterior margin of the anal. Scales of lateral line, 43.

D X. 11. A III. 11. C 4. I. 8. 7. I. 3. V I. 5. P 11.

Ground color, as preserved in alcohol, brownish; lighter beneath. A narrow
blackish vitta on each side near the dorsal line, following the curve of the back.
Posterior portion of soft dorsal provided with a large subcircular black spot.
Anal and ventrals blackish. Pectorals yellowish. Opercular flap moderate,
black.

Brownsville, Texas. Capt. Van Vliet. J. H. Clark.

2. Pomotis fallax, B. and G. Body short and high, thicker, and head and
mouth larger than in P. speciosus. Body depressed at the nape. Outline of
head more oblique, at an angle of about 45 degrees with the axis of the body.
A vertical line erected at the posterior extremity of the maxillary, would pass
along the anterior edge of the pupil to the line of insertion of head and body.
Opercular flap very large and black. Peduncle of the tail shorter than in P.
speciosus, as also the pectorals, which de not reach as far back as the filamentous
tips of the external soft ray of the ventrals. Scales of lateral line, 39.

D X. 11. A III. 9. C 3. 1. 8. 7. I. 2. V I. 5. P 14.

Deep blackish brown above, yellowish beneath. Bluish dots on the sides of
head, sometimes confluent into irregular lines. A small dark spot at the poste-
rior and basal portion of the soft dorsal fin. Ventrals blackish.

Elm Creek, Texas. J. H. Clark.

3. Pomotis convexifrons, B. and G. Allied to the two preceding species in
general appearance. The nape is little if at all depressed. A vertical line
erected from the posterior extremity of the maxillary, would pass along the an-
terior border of the pupil and fall considerably behind the line of junction of
head and body ; angle of outline of head with the axis of body, more than 45.
Scales in lateral line, 37. Peduncle of tail short. Opercular flap black and
larger than in P. fall ax. The spiny dorsal is highest upon its middle, and the
external soft ray of ventrals not prolonged into a thread.

D X. 11. A III. 9. C 3. I. 8. 7. 1. 2. V I. 5. P 13.

Color uniform reddish brown ; fins light greyish. Posterior and basal portion
of soft dorsal provided with a small roundish spot. Ventrals blackish.
Rio Cibolo, trib. of Rio San Antonio, Texas. J. H. Clark.

4. Pomotis nefastcjs, B. and G. General form more elongated than in P.
convexifrons, and less so than in P. aquilensis. Outline nearly straight along
nape. Opercular flap small, black, narrowly margined with blue. Head form-
ing two-sevenths of the total length. Eyes rather large, their diameter forming
the fourth of the length of side of head. Mouth rather small ; a vertical line
erected from the posterior extremity of the maxillary, would pass between the

anterior edge of the orbit and the pupil, and fall considerably anterior to the

* The species described in this paper from the waters of western Texas and
those emptying into the Gila, were collected while the Boundary Survey was in
charge of Col. J. D. Graham ; the others while under Major W- H. Emory.

1854.] 25

nuchal line. Caudal fin posteriorly emarginated. Spiny dorsal comparatively
low. Soft part of dorsal and of anal well developed. Tip of ventrals reaching
the anterior margin of anal. Pectorals not extending quite as far back. Scales
along lateral line, 45.

D'XI. 10. A III. 10. C 3. I. 8. 7. I. 2 V I. 5. P 14.

Uniform reddish brown, lighter on lower part of flanks. A small black spot
at the posterior basal part of the soft dorsal. Dorsals, caudal and anal greyish,
with a darker margin. Ventrals and pectorals yellowish.

Rio Cibolo and Rio Salado, Texas. J. H. Clark.

5. Pomotis heros, B. and G General outline subelliptical. Nape depressed.
Head forming the third of the length, not including the caudal fin. Caudal
entering for about five times in the total length. Eyes large, and contained
four times, by their diameter, in the length of side of head. Mouth small ; pos-
terior extremity of intermaxillaries not extending beyond a vertical from the
anterior rim of the orbit. Pectorals very long, their tip reaching backwards as
far as the second soft ray of anal fin. Tip of ventrals extending to the first spine
of the anal. Caudal crescent-shaped. Spiny dorsal elevated.

D X. 12. A III. 11. C 3. I. 8. 7. I. 2. V I. 5. P 13.

Color uniform blackish brown. Pectorals yellowish; other fins greyish. Oper-
cular flap black with a whitish border,

Rio Cibolo, trib. of Rio San Antonio, Texas. J. H. Clark.

6. Bryttus longtjlus, B. and G. Pomotis longulus, B. and G. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sc, Philada. vi. 1853, 391; and in Marcy's Expl. Red River, La., 1853.
PI. xii., page 245.

The specimens are larger than those previously described. The coloration is
likewise better preserved.

D X. 11. A III. 9. C 3. I. 8. 7. I. 2. V I. 5. P 13.

The ground color, as preserved in alcohol, is reddish brown with minute im-
punctures of greyish, the dorsal and anal being provided posteriorly, the first with
a subcircular, large black spot, the second with an elongated spot of the same
color, and extending nearly to the whole base of the soft part of that fin. The
pectorals and caudal are uniform greyish, the latter having a yellowish border.
Ventrals and external half of* anal yellowish.

Rio Cibolo, trib. of Rio San Antonio, Texas. J. H. Clark.

7. Grystes nuecensis, B. and G. Head forming four-thirteenths of the entire
length. Mouth deeply cleft ; its angle reaching a vertical passing backwards of
the eye; lower jaw longer than the upper. Eyes rather large ; their diameter
contained six times in the length of side of head. Scales on the cheeks a little
smaller than those on the opercular apparatus. First dorsal lower than the second,
caudal subcrescentic posteriorly. Anal extending a little further behind the
second dorsal, though shorter and less deep.

D X. 13. A III. 11. C 4. I. 8. 8. 1. 3. VI.5.P 15.

Ground color of back black, clouded with greyish brown. Sides dull yellow-
grey, with an interrupted darker band. Beneath light yellow.
Rio Frio and Rio Nueces, Texas. J. H. a Clark.

LABRIBJE.

HERICHTHYS, B. and G. Body compressed ; outline subelliptical ; frontal
region convexe. Teeth small, subcorneal, simple, anterior row the most con-
spicuous. Lower lip entire. Five branchiostegal rays. Ventrals, dorsal and
anal fins acuminated ; caudal rounded. Five or six spiny rays to the anal. Scales
large ; lateral line interrupted posteriorly.

Obs. This genus has strong affinities with Heros of Heckel, from which it
chiefly differs by the structure of tlTe anterior row of maxillary teeth, which are
simple, instead of bein^ provided with lateral hooks. The relative size of the
scales will likewise afford another generic feature of no small importance.

8. Herichthys cyanoguttatus, B. and G. Head forming about two-sevenths
of the entire length. Snout subconical, detached from the frontal line by a de-

26 [March,

pression in advance of the eye. Jaws equal. Three irregular rows of minute
teeth situated behind an anterior and more conspicuous row. Eyes rather lar^e
and circular, their diameter being contained four times and a half in the length
of side of head. Posterior part of cheeks scaly ; large scales on the opercular
apparatus. Anterior margin of dorsal situated in advance of the insertion of
ventrals; tip of posterior rays extending a little beyond the tip of those of anal.
Insertion of ventrals backwards of base of pectorals ; external soft ray much
longer than the others. The caudal forms about the two-ninths of the entire
length.

D XVI. 9. + 1. A V. 6 + 1. C 2. I. 7. 7.1. 3. V I. 5. P 14.

The scales are quite large ; there being 19-20 rows of them across the line of
greatest depth, and eighteen in the lateral line, from upper angle of operculum
to where it is interrupted, and eight more beneath on the peduncle of the tail.
Ground color brownish, with small bluish spots scattered all over the body and
fins.

Brownsville, Texas (fresh water). Capt. Van Vliet and John H. Clark.

SILURIDjE.

AILURICHTHYS, B. and G. Head depressed, subrounded, smooth and un-
armed. Two pairs of flattened barbels, a maxillary pair, sometimes very much
elongated, and a submaxillary one, always shorter. Velvet teeth on the rnaxil-
laries, and a band of similar teeth immediately behind the upper maxillary. An-
terior margin of both dorsal and pectoral fins prolonged into a membranous
thread, more or less elongated according to the species. An adipose fin opposite
the anal. Caudal more or less forked.

9. Ailurichthys marinus, B. and G. Siluriis marinus, Mitch. Gahichthys
parrce, Cuv. and Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss. XV. 1840, 33. Gahichthys marinus,
Storer, Synops. 1846, 149.

Indianola, Texas. J. H. Clark.

Obs. We refer to the same genus ; Gahichthys gronovii, G. eydouxii and
G. blochii, of Cuvier and Valenciennes.

10. Arius equestris, B. and G. Maxillary barbels extending to the middle
of length of pectorals. Head contained four times and three-quarters in the total
length. Adipose fin of medium size, and situated opposite to the middle of anal.
The latter is concave upon its external margin, and deeper than long. The an-
terior margin of dorsal is equi-distant between tip of snout and adipose fin. Tip
of pectorals extending as far back as the posterior margin of dorsal. Anterior
margin of dorsal thrice as high as the posterior margin ; superiorly that fin is
subconcave. Longitudinal diameter of eye contained five times in the length of
side of head.

Br. 5. D I. 7. A 16. C 13. I. 7. 7. I. 12. V 6. P I. 9.
Indianola, Texas. J. H. Clark

JV.

11. Pimelodus affinis, B. and G. Very closely allied to P. cmruhscens,
Rafin. and distinguished from it by a more advanced position of the dorsal fin
and a greater elongation of the barbels. The head is contained five times and a
half in the entire length. The caudal is about the same length as the head. The
length of the anal fin is a little more than the fourth of the length, as in P. c&ru-
lescens. The eyes are of medium size, and their diameter contained a little over
six times in the length of side of head.

D I. 6. A 35. C 5. I. 8. 7. 1. 6. V 8. P I. 10.

Color reddish brown above, silvery white beneath ; occasionally marked with
subcircular and small black spots.

Rio Grande del Norte. J. H. Clark.

CHARACINI.

ASTYANAX, B. and G Adipose fin present. Abdominal line not serrated. A
double row of teeth on both the upper and lower jaw, and flattened with several
conical spines or processes upon their edge. Neither canine nor palative teeth.
Dorsal fin above the ventrals. Scales large.

1854.] 27

12. Astyanax argeis-tatus, B. and G. Body very much compressed. Head
short, forming about the fifth of the entire length. Eyes lar^e and circular.
Mouth of medium size, its angles not extending to the vertical of the pupil.
Opercular apparatus quite narrow. Dorsal fin subquadrangular, higher tinm
long, slightly concave upon its upper margin, its origin being midway between
tip? of snout and base of caudal fin. Adipose slender, opposite the posterior
portion of anal. Caudal deeply forked and longer than the head. Anal very
long, exteriorly concave, much deeper anteriorly than posteriorly, and situated
behind the dorsal. Ventrals immediately under the dorsal, and rather slender.
Pectorals likewise slender, their tips, however, do not reach the base of ventrals.

D I. 10. A I. 20+1. C 5. I. 9. 8. I. 4. V 8. P 13.

Scales higher than long, somewhat truncated anteriorly ; their surface exhibit-
ing several very marked diverging striae. Lateral line conspicuous, slightly in-
clined downwards.

Back deep reddish brown. Sides silvery. Belly reddish. Fins reddish yel-
low. An elongated black spot at the base of the tail, extending along the cen-
tral ray of caudal fin.

Upper tributaries of Rio Nueces. J. H. Clark.

CYPRINID^.

13. Catostojius congestus, B. and G. At first sight this species calls to mind
C. gibhosus, by its short and contracted shape ; it differs from it, however, in
the scales and form of the fins. The head is contained five times and a half in
the total length. The snout is blunt, abruptly truncated, and the mouth very
small. The eyes are large, subelliptical, and their longitudinal diameter con-
tained four times in the length of the head from the tip of snout to posterior mar-
gin of opercular apparatus. The dorsal fin is subquadrangular, its anterior mar-
gin being nearer to the tip of snout than to the base of caudal. The caudal is
semilunar, with the lobes rounded. The anal is narrow, its length less than the
half its height. The ventrals are inserted under the middle of the dorsal. The
tip of pectorals does not reach the base of ventrals.

D II. 12 ; A I. 7+1 ; C 4. 1. 8. 8. I. 3; V 9 ; P 17.

The scales are large, there are fourteen rows across the line of greatest depth
of body. The lateral line, which runs straight along the middle of the side,
contains about forty-six scales.

The color as preserved in alcohol is uniform reddish brown above, lighter be-
neath, sides silvery. The fins are all unicolored, and of the tint of the region
to which they belong.

Rio Salado, Texas. John H. Clark.

14. Catostomus clarkii, B. and G. A rather small and short species, in shape
subfusiform and compressed. The dorsal line is gently arched. Head small,
subcorneal, truncated anteriorly, forming a little less than the sixth of the total
length of tbu fish. The eyes are subcircular, of medium size, their diameter
being contained about four times in the length of side of head. The mouth is
larger than in C. covgextus, and surrounded with more developed lips. The up-
per margin of dorsal fin is slightly concave, its anterior margin as high as long.
The caudal is subcrescentric posteriorly, with rounded lobes. The insertion of
the anal is narrow, its height is twice and a half the width. The insertion of
ventrals is under the posterior third of the dorsal. The pectorals are elongated
and of medium development.

D II. 114 1 ; A II. 7 ; C 5. I. 8. 8. I. 4 ; V 10 ; P 17.

The scales are rather lame; about twenty rows across a line from base of ven-
trals to anterior margin of dorsal. Sixty-eight to seventy scales in the lateral
line, which extends to caudal fin.

Colors in alcohol : greyish brown above, with scattered darker nebulous spots;
sides greyish; belly whitish ; fins unicolor, vertical ones greyish; horizontal
ones yellowish.

Rio Santa Cruz, Gila. John H. Clark.

28 [March,

15. Catostomus plebeius, B. and G. Body subfusiform, compressed. Head
elongated, subcorneal, forming the fifth of the entire length. Mouth of medium
size. Eyes large, subelliptical, their longitudinal diameter being contained
about five times in the length of side of head. Dorsal fin subquddrangular, its
anterior margin being equi-distant between the tip of snout and the first rudi-
mentary rays of the upper lobe of the caudal. The latter is slightly concave
posteriorly, and the lobes rounded off. The base of the anal is contained nearly
three times in its height, and when brought backwards its tip extends to the ru-
dimentary rays of the inferior lobe of the caudal fin. The ventrals are inserted
under the posterior, third of the dorsal, bent backwards their tip does not reach
as far as the anus. The pectorals are of medium development, subovate, pointed
posteriorly.

D I. 9+1. A I. 7. C 3. I. 8. 8. I. 2. V 8. P 14.

The scales are of medium size, considerably the largest on the peduncle of
the tail. Twenty-eight to thirty rows from the base of the ventrals to the dor-
sal fin. About eighty in the lateral line, which is not discernible as far as the
base of caudal fin.

The color, as preserved in alcohol,' is dark brown on the upper regions, faintly
mottled with blackish patches. The sides and belly exhibit traces of orange in
some of the specimens, in others it is pale yellowish. The fins are unicolor,
the dorsal, caudal, and pectorals blackish brown ; the anal and ventrals
yellowish.

Rio Mimbres, trib. of Gila. John H. Clark.

16. Catostomus tnsignis, B.andG. Subfusiform, elongated, compressed. Head
forming two-ninths of the total length. Mouth of medium size, surrounded with
considerably developed lips. Eyes large, subelliptical; their longitudinal diam-
eter contained almost six times in the length of side of head. The dorsal fin is
subquadrangular, its anterior margin is situated midway between the snout and
base of caudal fin. The latter is posteriorly forked, with its angles subacute.
The anal is quite narrow and elongated, its base enters three times in the length
of its anterior margin. The ventrals are inserted under the posterior half of the
dorsal, their tip posteriorly does not reach the vent. The pectorals are elonga-
ted, their tips not extending as far back as the anterior margin of the dorsal.

D II. 11. A II. 7+1. C 3. I. 8. 8. I. 3. V 10. P 18.

The scales are large, there are twenty rows between the base of ventrals and
the dorsal line. The lateral line takes a straight course along the middle of the
sides and is composed of about sixty scales.

The color, as preserved in alcohol, is dark reddish brown above and on the
sides, lighter beneath. There is a black dot at the base of each scale, giving a
dotted appearance to the body. The fins are unicolor.

Rio San Pedro of the Rio Gila. John H. Clark.

17. Cailpiodes tumidtjs, B. andG. Head forming four-nineteenths of the total
length. Snout conical. Mouth very small and protruding. Lips small. Eyes
very large, their diameter contained four times in the length of side of head.
Anterior margin of dorsal equi-distant between the tip of snout and base of cau-
dal, the posterior portion of which is very low. Tip of anal extending to base
of caudal. Tip of ventrals reaching as far back as the vent. Tip of pectorals
extending almost to base of ventrals. Caudal fin forked, and about the same
length as the head.

JJ II. 27. A II. 9. C 5. I. 8. 8. I. 4. V II. 9. P 16.

Thirteen rows of scales may be counted on the line of greatest depth, and
thirty-seven or thirty-eight scales on the lateral line.

Color lisjht reddish brown above and yellowish white beneath.
Near Fort Brown, Texas. John H. Clark.

18. Gila gibbosa, B. and G. Body rather thick; dorsal region between dorsal
and occiput more arched than generally observed in the genus. Head forming a
little less than the fourth of the entire length ; greatest depth nearly equal to the
length of head. Eyes quite large, their diameter contained five times in the
length of the side of head. Anterior margin and dorsal nearer to the base of

1854.] 29

caudal than to the tip of snout. Ventrals, as usual, in advance of the dorsal, and
anal behind the latter. Greatest length of caudal constituting nearly the seventh
of the entire length. The scales assume a greater uniformity according to the
resions than in the other species hitherto described.

D I. 8+1. A I. 9. C 5. I. 9. 8. I. 4. V 9. P. 17.

Color in alcohol ; dark reddish brown above, and on the side ; dull yellow
beneath.

Rio Santa Cruz, tributary of the Gila John H. Clark.

19. Gila pulchella, B. and G. Allied to the preceding species, from which it
can be distinguished by the more slender body and head. The head is shorter.
The mouth smaller. The greatest depth is contained about five times in the en-
tire length ; in Gila gibbosa but four times. Diameter of the eye entering five
times and a half in the length of the side of head. Length -of caudal forming
about the sixth of the entire length. Two rudiments of spines at the anterior
margin of dorsal, instead of one.

D IT. 9. A I. 9. C 4. I. 9. 8. 1. 3. V 9. P 17.

Color, greyish brown above and on the side : dingy yellow beneath.

Rio Mimbres, tributary of the Gila. John H. Clark.

'Rectification of the generic names of Tertiary Fossil Shells.

By T. A. Conrad.

Since the publication of several papers on Tertiary fossils, I have, with the
aid of more numerous works of reference, been enabled to rectify the nomen-
clature of some genera, selecting the earliest authority, whether the author had
published a diagnosis or only indicated a genus by refeience to atypical species.

GLYCIMERIS, Lam.

G. americana, Con. ; G. reflexa, Say ; G. elongata, Co??., 1535 ; G. goldfussii,
Wagner ; G. elongata, Con. ; G. porrecta, Con. ; (Panop^ea.)

Gloss us, Poli.

G. rusticus, Sowerby ; G. Markoei, Con. (Isocardia.)

Syndosmya, Recluz.

S. aequata, Con. ; S. constricta, Con. ; S. linosa, Con. ; S. mississippiensis,.
Con.; S. nuculoides Con.; S. protexta, Con.; S. subobliqua, Con.; S. subre-
flexa, Co??. (Aiuphidesma.)

Mytiltjs, Lin.
M. incurvus, Con. (Myoconcha incurva, Con.)

Navicula, Blai?i.
N. Marylandica, Con, ; N. cuculloides, Con. ; N. lima, Con. ; N. mississippi-
ensis, Co?i. ; N. protracta, Con. (Byssoarca.)

Leda, Sch?i??i. Nucula, Lam.

L. acuta, Con. ; L. sequalis, Co??. ; L. bella, Con. ; L. calcarensis, Con. ; L.
carolinensis, Co?i. ; L. ccslata, Co?i. ; L. concentrica, Say; L. cultelliformis,
Rodgers ; L. laevis, Say ; L. liciata, Con.; L. limaluta, Say ; L. mucronata,
Con. ; L. opulenta, Co??. ; L. parva, Rodgers ; L. serica, Co??. ; L. subtrigona,
Con. ; L. tellinula, Co?i. ; (Nucula.)

Mercenaeia, Schttm. Venus, Li?i.

M. capax, Co??. ; M. Ducatellii, Co??. ; M. Mortoni, Co?i. ; M. permagna, Co??.;
M. Rileyi, Co??. ; M. staminea, Con. ; M. tetrica, Co??. ; M. tridacnoides. Lam.
(Venus.)

Meretrix, Lam. Cytherea, Lam,

M. a?quorea, Co?i. ; M. albaria, Say ; M. astartaeformis, Co??. ; M. carolinen-

30 [March,

sis, M. discoidalis. Can.; M. elevata, Con.; M. eversa, Con.; M. fioridana,
Con. ; M. imitabilis, Con. ; M. lenticularis, Co?/. ; M. liciata, Con. ; M. Mary-
landica, Con. ; M. metastriata, Con. ; M. Mississipppiensis, CW. ; M. Mortoni,
Con,. ; M. Nuttallii, Con. ; M. obovata, Con. ; M. ovata, Rodgers ; M. pandata,
Co?i. ; M. perbrevis, Con. ; M. perovata, Con. ; M. Poulsoni, Con. ; M. pyga,
Con. ; M. reposta, Co. ; M. Sayana, Con. ; M. semipunctata, Con. ; M. sobrina,
Con. ; M. subimpressa, Con.; M. subnasuta, Co. (Cytherea.)

Schizodesma, Gray. Mactra, Lin.
S. delumbis, Con. ; S. ponderosa, Con. (Mactra.)

Mactropsis, Con.
M. aequorea, Con. ; M. rectilinearis, Con. (Triquetra, Con.)

Arcopagia, Leach. Tellina.
A. biplicata, Con. (Tellina.)

Neithea, Drouet.
N. Humphreysii, Con. ; N. Poulsoni, Con. (Pecten.)

Cyclas, Klein.

C. acclinis, Con. ; C. alveata, Con. ; C. anodonta, Say ; C. carinifera, Con. ,
C. contracta, Say ; C. crenulata, Con. ; C. cribraria, Say : C. dolabra, Con. ;
C. Foremani, C n. ; C. Jamaicensis, Lam. ; C. metastriata, Con. ; C. mississip-
piensis, Con. ; C. modesta, Con. ; C. multistriata, Con. ; C. pandata, Con. ; C.
perlevis, Con.; C. pomilia, Con.; C. radians, Con. ; C. squamosa, Lam. ; C.
subobliqua, iSy ; C. subplanata, Con. ; C subvexa, Con. ; C. 3ymmetrica, Co?z. ;

C. trisulcata, Co?/. ; C. undula, Con. (Lucina.)

Dosinia, Scopoli.

D. (venus) concentrica ? Bom ; (D. acetabulum, Con. ;) D. elegans, Con. ;

D. (cytherea) lenticularis, Rodgers ; D. (cytherea) excavata, Morton ; D. discus,
Reeve. (Artemis.)

The last is a recent species, and the two preceding Cretaceous. D'Orbigny
makes D. acetabulum distinct from D. concentrica.

UNIVALVES.

Ancilla, Lam,

A. altilis, Con. ; A. lymneiodes, Con. ; A. scamba, Con. ; A. subglobosa,
Con. ; A. tenera, Con. (Ancillaria.)

Crucibtjl.um, Mont.

C. constrictum, Con. ; C. costata, Say ; C. dumosa, Con. ; C. grandis, Say ;
C. multilineata, Con. ; C. ramosa, Con. (Dispot^ea.)

Galeodia, Link. Morio, Mont.
G. lintea, Con. ; G. (cassis) Hodjjii, Con.; (Casstdaria.)

Stomatia, Browne.

S. (cryptostoma) perspectiva, Say; S. arctata, Con,; S. bilix, Con.; S.
canaliculata, Soxv. ; S. declivis, Con.; S. fragilis, Con. ; S. mississippiensis, Con.;
(Sigaretus.)

Busyeox, Bolton.

Linne confounded Murex amanus with a shell described afterwards by La-
marck under the name of Fusus prohoscidifems, by references to figures in
Rhumphius and Gualtieri, but his description applies only to the former {Pyrula
earica, Lam.) The generic name Busyeon founded on this shell has priority over
FrLGUR.

Busyeon canaliculatum, Lin. ; B. aruanum, Gmel. ; B. contrarium, Con.; B.
coronatum, Con. ; B. excavatum, Con. ; B. fusiforme, Con. ; B. incile, Con. ;

1854.] 31

B. maximum, Con. : B. perversum, Lam. ; B. rugosum, Con.; B. tuberculatum,
Con. ; B. gibbosum, Con. The last is a recent species. (Fulgur.)

Sycotypus, Browne. Ficus, Bolton.
S. Mississippiensis, Con.; S. (pyrula) penita, Con.

Porcellana, Adans.

P. crassilabra, Con. ; C. denticulata, Con. ; C. eburneola, Con. ; C larvata,
Con. ; C. limatula, Con. : C. perexigua, Con.

Recent species. P. P. succinea, Con. ; P. albilabris, Co?i. (Marginella.)

Amphiceras, Gronovius.
A. iota, Con. (Ovula.)

Distortrix, Link.
D. crassidens, Con. (Triton.)

Gyrineum, Link.
G. Maclurii, Con, (Ranella.)

Yolutilithes, Swains.
V. Sayana, Con. ; V. petrosa, Con. (Voluta.)

Svvainson includes in this genus the volutes with a callus, as V. rarispina, of
which I have proposed the genus Atiileta.

Turris, Humph.
Gray refers Pleurotoma, Lam. to this genus, but Hermannsen, Turritella.
Where there is no diagnosis, and such discrepancy of opinion exists, Turris can
hardly be acknowledged.

Notes on Shells, with descriptions of three recent and one Fossil Species.

By T. A. Conrad.

Gxathodon flexuosum, Con. Amer. Journal of Science and Arts, Vol. 3S ,
p. 93, (figured,) 1840.

G. rostratum, Petit. 1853. Rev. et Mail, de Zool., p. 552.

G. trigonum, Petit, is probably identical with G. Lecontei, Con., fossil in Cali-
fornia. Journ, Acad. Nat. Sc, Jan., 1853. Petit's description was published
July, 1853.

Note on the genus Trigonella, Con.
This name being superseded, I propose to substitute that of Pachydesma.

Description of a new Dolium.

~D. album. Oblong-suboval, with convpx ribs, which are closely arranged,
except on the shoulder; about 18 on the body whorl ; spire conical, with rounded
volutions, columella perforated at base; lip simple, margin acute.

This species most nearly resembles D. penlix in form, but is proportionally
much narrower, with the ribs more distant and prominent on the shoulder, and
with a channel round the suture which the other does not possess. The spire is
less elevated, the species much smaller, and the color nearly white without spots.

Description of a veto Conularia.

C indentata. Elongated, quadrate, tapering very gradually, angles some-
what truncated and crossed by numerous indentations ; surface minutely granu-
lated by fine equal decussated iines.

Locality. Galena, 111. IVlr. Germain.

This species has distant septa, and the middle of each side has an obsolete,
slightly impressed, longitudinal line ; on the cast there are two carinated ap-
proximate linps, with an impressed line on each side of them.

4

32 [March,

Description of a new Bulimus.

B. lineolatus. Oblong-ovate, thin, slightly umbilicated ; whorls 6, smooth ;
columella reflected, very narrow ; lip reflected, very thin and acute ; color white
and fulvous, variegated, with dark brown stripes , aperture more than half the
length of the shell ; spire conical.

Inhabits Volcano of Cartago, Costa Rica. t

This species approximates B. paziantis of D'Orbigny, but is more ventricose,
has a shorter spire, broader bands, narrower columella, and the lip is somewhat
reflected, which is not a character of the allied species. That shell has the
aperture less than half the length of the shell, whilst the other has it more
than half its length.

Description of a new Alasmodonta.

Subovate, thin, slightly contracted medially; umbonal slope rounded, slightly
ventricose ; ligament margin elevated ; posterior margin obliquely truncated, the
extremity subangulated and much above the line of the base ; epidermis oliva-
ceous, with a few obscure rays ; cardinal tooth single in the right valve, long,
compressed, elevated, triangular ; in the left valve widely trind, the posterior
lobe obsolete, and situated posterior to the apex; within bluish. Length If,
nearly ; height f.

Locality. J. G. Anthony.

Exteriorly this shell closely resembles 77. eolliuus, Con., when young and
without spines.

N<ote ou the genus Amblychila, Say.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

In a small bottle of specimens of Coleoptera, collected in New Mexico by

Major Sibley, U. S. A., recently sent me through my kind friend Prof. Baird,

was fortunately contained a specimen of Amblychila; as some confusion seems

-still to exist with regard to this very rare insect, a few remarks may not be out

of place.

Fort Union is about seventy miles E. N. E. from Santa Fe, and consequently
ear the base of the Rocky Mountains; it will be remembered that Say's speci-
men was also obtained near the same chain, although at a point farther north.
This fact, as well as the complete agreement of the specimen with Say's de-
scription, fixes it as an authentic type of A. cylindriformis. The outline (Plate 1)
wood cut appended to this note was made by Mr. W. Van Ingen, from a
drawing by G. G. White, and is very accurate in form. It will readily enable
'the necessary comparison to be made wilh the Californian specimen described by
Mr. Reiche, which I believe was afterwards purchased by Baron Chaudoir.

On comparing the New Mexican specimen with Mr. Reiche's figure, (Am.
Ent. Sue Tr., vol. S, pi. 19, also copied into Chenus. Encyc. Hist. Nat.) several
important differences may be perceived: the head and thorax of his is propor-
tionally narrower, and in the enlarged figure of the head, the labium is repre-
sented as having a quite prominent tooth each side of the emarginate medial pro-?
longation, and the lateral angles are rounded; in mine, the labrum each side of
the prolongation is merely slightly sinuous, and the lateral angles are rectangu-
lar, so that the general outline each side of the middle is decidedly concave. The
'large punctures in the side figure seem to form a regular series between the
-costa and the suture, w T hile in mine they are distributed irregularly.

In comparison with the description given by Mr. Reiche (1. c. p. p. 560), I
have only to say, that my specimen shows a quite decided brownish tinge on the
elytra, while the Californian specimen is described as entirely black; and that
the smaller punctures of the elytra are by no means obsolete. Mr. Reiche's re-
mark in the generic description, that the basal tooth of the mandibles is bifid, ap-
plies only to the right mandible : that of the left side has, it is true, a correspond-
ing prominence, but it is so small and so far back, as not to alter rhe outline in
any way, and therefore Mr. Reiche's observation tends to produce confusion.

Proceed. A. N. S. To). VII.

PI. I.

Slmblinbila cpltnbriformts $an.

1854.] 33

I should not at all hesitate, therefore, to consider the Californian A. P i c c o-
1 o m i n i i as distinct from Say's species, were it not for the preposterous collar
which, in Mr. Reiche's figure, is appended to the base of the thorax, and for the
very inaccurate representations given by his draughtsman of the two species of
Omus found in Oregon, (I. c. 7, pi. 10.) Such figures might be excusable in
America, where artists have not yet turned their attention to objects requiring
such accuracy of delineation, but in parts of Europe where accurate figures have
been made, and as the yearly accessions to our scientific libraries show can still
be made, such figures as those published in the Annales above quoted, of Am bly-
chila and Omus, are hardly to be commended.

Having found near San Francisco, in California, some specimens of Omus
californicus Esch., I avail myself of the present occasion to remark, that
it is very closely allied to O. A u do u in i Reiche, and in fact only differs by
having the head and thorax very densely and deeply wrinkled, and the punctures
of the elytra more equal in size : the appearance of rows of punctures jiiven in
the very wretched figure accompanying Eschscholtz' description (Zool. Atl. tab.
4, fig. 1,) and copied by Reiche (1. c. sup ) is hardly apparent.

The epipleurae in Omus are narrow, and defined by an acute line, which unites
with the margin near the apex of the elytra. In Amblychila the epipleurae are
broad, and the defining elevated line becomes obsolete about one-fifth from the
tip. The discoidal costa is about the same length : the intermediate costa (called
by Say the marginal elevated line) is more elevated, and extends to about one-
seventh from the tip : the smaller punctures of the elytra become effaced
towards the tip, and the large ones (each of which bears a small elevated point,)
are somewhat more numerous.

The references to this genus are : to the New Mexican and Nebraska one,
Amblychila cylindriformis Say., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 409; Reiche Ann. Ent.
7. Manticora Cylind. Say, J. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 139.

And to the Californian one : Amblychila Piccolo minii Reiche, Ann. Ent. Tr. 8,
560, tab. 19 ; Mann. Bull. Mosc 1844, 183. A. cylindriformis Lacordaire, Mem.
Soc. Roy. Sc. Liege, 1, 95.

The Committee appointed to make arrangements for the celebration
of the Anniversary of the foundation of the Society, reported that an
Address had been delivered on Monday evening, 20th inst., at the Hall
of the University by Wm. Parker Foulke, Esq., and that on the evening
of the 21st inst., a large number of members and correspondents, and a
few invited guests, dined together at the Hall of the Musical Fund
Society.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and adopted.

The following resolutions offered by Dr. Zantzinger, were unanimously
adopted :

Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be presented to Wm.
Parker Foulke, Esq., for the able, eloquent and highly appropriate ad-
dress, delivered by him at the Hall of the University, on Monday even-
ing 20th inst., in commemoration of the founding of the Institution.

Resolved, That a committee of three members be appointed to request
a copy of the Address for publication.

Whereupon the following members were appointed the Committee :
Dr. Zantzinger, Mr. Aubrey H. Smith and Mr. Wm. S. Yaux.

Dr. J. C. Fisher offered the following, which was unanimously
adopted.

Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be presented to the Com-
mittee of Arrangements for celebrating the Anniversary of the found-

34 [April,

ing of the Society, for the excellent manner in which they discharged
their duties.

On motion of Mr. Lea, the thanks of the Society were also ordered to
be presented to the Trustees of the University, for the use of the Hall
on the evening of the 20th inst.

ELECTION.

Mr. Clayton T. Piatt, Mr. Jas. Engle Negus and Constant Gillou,
Esq., of Philadelphia, were elected Members.

April \.ih.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read,

From the Society of Natural History of Cherbourg, dated 28th Oct.
1853, transmitting the 1st vol. of its Memoirs, and asking an exchange.

From the Scientific Commission of the Zoological Garden of Amster-
dam, dated Nov. 1843, transmitting its Memoirs.

From the Trustees of the New York State Library, dated Albany, 22d
March, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings to complete
vol. 6, and No. 1, vol. 7.

From Prof, Haldeman, addressed to the Corresponding Secretary,
dated Columbia, Penn., 29th March, 1854, as follows :

" I find that the Limnadella described by Mr. Girard, Proceed. Acad. vol. 7,
page 3, is my Limnadia coriacea, ib. 1, 184, for June, 1842. At that time I
doubted the propriety of placing it in Limnadia, chiefly on account of the dorsal
tubercles mentioned in my description, but I had no means of making the neces-
sary comparisons. It was discovered in great abundance in a road-side puddle,
subject to desiccation, and although I removed a number of them to a small pond,
I have never met with them since."

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper, for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Synopsis of the species of Platynus and allied genera, inhabit-
ing the United States." Referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Zantzinger and
Mr. Foulke.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled
" Descriptions of new species of North American Ranaefortnes and Hy-
laeformes in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, by Spencer
F. Baird." Referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Le Conte and Dr. Leidy.

On motion of Mr. Yaux, it was Resolved, That a complete set of the
Publications of the Academy be forwarded to the Portland Society of
Natural History, Portland, Maine.

April Will.
The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Academy of Naturalists of Breslau, dated
18th Nov. 1853, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, vol. 6,
Nos. 3 8, and of Journal No. 3, vol. 2, new series.

Also a letter from Geo. W. Carpenter, Esq., dated April 11th, 1854,
presenting a copy of Livingston's Memoirs of eminent Americans.

1854.] 35

Dr. Leidy read a paper from Mr. J. *\Y. Dawson, of Pictou, N. S.,
entitled " On Fossil Coniferous wood from Prince Edward's Island ;"
which was referred, to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Foulke and JVIr. Isaac Lea.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper from W. Dudley, Esq., of Madison,
"Wisconsin, describing a speeies of Crane found in Wisconsin, and pre-
sumed to be new; which was referred to Mr. Cassin, Col. McCall and
Dr. Wilson.

Mr. Cassin also presented two papers from Dr. Alfred T. King, of
Greensburg, Pennsylvania, severally entitled "Description of fossil trees
found in the Coal Rocks near Greensburg, Pa./' and " Description of a
fossil Fruit found in the carboniferous rocks of Beaver Co., Penn. ;"
both of which were referred to Mr. Cassin, Mr. Aubrey H. Smith
and Dr. Bridges.

Dr. Leidy exhibited drawings representing lateral and inferior
views of the restored skull of Oreodon Culbertsonii, from the Eocene of
Nebraska.

April 18^/j.
Wm. Parker Foulke, Esq., in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. Charles Enderlin, of New York, dated
31st March, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election
as a Correspondent.

A letter was also read from the Lyceum of Nat. History of New York,
dated April 4th, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of late Nos. of the
Proceedings.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en-
titled "Notes on Birds observed in Texas, and in the States of Xeuva
Leon, Tamaulipas and Coahuila, Mexico, with descriptions of new species;
by D. N. Couch, U. S. Army." Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Mr. Cassin
and Col. McCall.

Dr. Leidy exhibited a specimen of the restored upper jaw of the
Titanotherium Proutii, of Nebraska.

April 25th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committees to which were referred papers, read April 4th by Dr-
Le Conte and Prof. S. F. Baird ; April 11th, by Mr. J. W. Dawson, of
Pictou, N. S. ; by Mr. Wm. Dudley, of Madison, Wisconsin ; by Dr.
Alfred T. King, of Greensburg, Pennsylvania; April 18th, by Lieut. D.
N. Couch, U. S. A., severally reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Synopsis of the species of Platynus and allied genera, inhabiting the United

States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

The species of the small group of Carabica, herein examined, are quite fre-
quently so closely related, as to be with difficulty separated ; some synonymy
too has been produced by the want of sufficient bibliographical knowledge on the
part of those who have investigated these genera. To lessen in some degree

36 [April,

the difficulty now resting over the subject, I have thought that a series of origi-
nal descriptions of all the species known to me, based upon a careful comparison
of their specific characters, might remove some of the obstacles encountered from
the different style of the descriptions of different authors. I do it the more gladly,
as an opportunity is thus afforded me of correcting many important errors into
which I was led, in some of my earlier writings, by the haste and inexperience
of youth, from the effects of which it falls to the lot of only the most favored of
men to escape.

The reader will find, in some portions of this essay, a further development of
the principle announced by me in a synopsis of Silphales, (Proc. Acad. 6, 275,)
illustrated in a genus, of which the species are very numerous ; these species
form small groups, according to their respective affinities, and in general the
limits of each species are marked by well defined organic differences. But in
some of the groups, occur forms so closely allied as to present, with a large series
of specimens, almost imperceptible differences, by which sets of specimens, at
first sight readily recognized and separated, become linked together. These
variations (in form, not color) are frequently seen to be constant in those found
in one locality, and in the present condition of science, would seem to indicate
positively the origin at different points, or at various points intermixed together,
of organic forms, so closely related as not to present sufficient differences to be
regarded as ordinary species.

Thus it is that Nature who, not only between her works, but between her
processes, continually displays gradations of sublime harmony, reveals to u,s~ some
of the steps between those genera in which absolutely distinct species are found
in restricted localities, and those in which absolutely the same species are found
widely distributed.

The genera known to me with the exception of a single new one, have been
fully described in other works, and may be thus arranged :

Mentum dente bicuspi ; ungues plus minusve serrati :

Paraglossae ligula non longiores .... Calathus.

Paraglossae longiores, ultra ligulam extensae . . Pristodactyla.
Mentum dente simplici ; ungues simplices :

Paraglossae ligula longiores ..... Anchus.
Paraglossae ligula non longiores :

Antennae articulo 3io sequente sesqui longiore . Rhadine.

Antennae articulo 3io sequente subaequali . . Platynus.

Mentum dente nullo Olisthopus.

Calathus Bon.

1. C. gr eg ar ius, longiusculus, piceus, nitidus, apterus, thorace latitudine
fere longiore antice subangustato, lateribus testaceis late rotundatis, margine
postice latiore refiexo, basi utrinque paulo impresso, elytris striis tenuibus pro-
fundis, punctis tribus impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis. Long. 4.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 76; Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 29.

Feronia gregaria Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 47.

Calathus distinguendus Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc 2, 53. Ann. Lye. 4, 216.

A common species in the Middle and Eastern States, and is found occa-
sionally at Lake Superior. The North American species of this genus are very
closely allied, and seem hardly worthy of being separated; ^nevertheless, the
three species recognized by me in the Atlantic portion of the continent, are as
well distinguished from each other as from those of the Pacific coast. This one
will be readily recognized by the shining lustre and the moderately broad re-
flexed lateral margin of the thorax; in the next species the lateral margin is
narrower, perceptibly depressed, and not at all refiexed towards the posterior
angles. For authentic specimens of this species I am indebted to Dr. Harris.

2. C. confusus, longiusculus, piceus pernitidus, apterus, thorace latitudine
sublongiore, antice subangustato, lateribus testaceis late rotundatis margine an-
gusto postice vix depresso, subrefiexo, basi utrinque paulo impresso, elytris

1854.] 37

striis tenuibus profundi?, punctis tribus impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque tes-
taceis. Long. -31 -35.

Lake Superior ; abundant. Very similar to the preceding, but a little nar-
rower in its form, and with the lateral margin of the thorax not distinctly wider
towards the posterior angles, and less reflexed.

3. C. o p a c u 1 u s, longiusculus, piceus, thorace latitudine non longiore,
antice subangustato, lateribus testaceis iatius subdepressis, non reflexis, basi
utrinque paulo impresso, elytris fere opacis, striis tenuibus hand profundis,
punctis tribus impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis. Long. 35 42.

Middle, Southern and Western States; rare. This species, with the form of
C. gregarius, has the dull elytra and finely impressed strias of C. ruficollis ; it
seems also sufficiently distinct from the preceding species, by the sides of the
thorax being' depressed, broader behind and not reflexed.

4. C. qu a d r i c o 1 1 i s, longiusculus, piceus, apterus, thorace latitudine
non breviore, antice vix angustato utrinque subimpresso, elytris fere opacis, striis
tenuibus non profundis, punctis 3 vel 4 impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque
testaceis. Long. '27 *4.

San Francisco, California. This species is narrower than C. ruficollis, and is
readily distinguished by the form of the thorax; the thorax and head have a
reddish tinge, but do not appear ever to reach the deep, dull rufous color observed
in C. ruficollis.

5. C. ruficollis, latiusculus, piceus, apterus, capite thoraceque piceo-rufis,
hoc latitudine breviore, antice angustato, lateribus (prsesertim antice) rotundatis,
margine minus distincte depresso subrefiexo, basi utrinque subimpresso, elytris
fere opacis striis tenuibus, punctis 3 impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque rufo-
testaceis. Long. -35 -4.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 78 ; Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 195.

San Francisco and San Diego. Considerably wider than any of the preceding
species, and with the sides of the thorax anteriorly more rounded ; the sides con-
verge a little near the base, whereby the posterior angles are rendered less rec-
tangular than in those above described. This species and the preceding, fre-
quently subject travellers to great annoyance by crawling over their bodies at
night, when sleeping on the ground ; the multitudes which are seen in March
and April, under every object capable of affording them shelter, are worthy of
admiration.

6. C. ob s c u r u s, minus elongatus, piceus, apterus, thorace latitudine non
breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis (angulis basalibus obtusiori-
bus) margine depresso subrefiexo, basi utrinque subimpresso, elytris fere opacis,
striis tenuibus non profundis, punctis tribus impressis, antennis palpis pedi-
busque iufo-testaceis. Long. *4.

One female found in the Southern part of California. This species differs from
C. ruficollis and C. quadricollis by the form of the thorax, which is not wider
than long, considerably narrowed in front and moderately rounded on the sides,
which are distinctly depressed even to the base, and hardly reflexed. The elytra
are more distinctly wider than the thorax, but otherwise are formed and sculp-
tured as in C ruficollis.

Pristodactyla Dej.

1. P. i mp u n c t a t a, nigra, nitida, thorace leviter obovato, latitudine non
breviore, angulis posticis rotundatis, lateribus margine anguste reflexo, basi
utrinque late foveato, elytris thorace latioribus, pone medium paulo dilatatis,
striis profundis, bipunctatis, antennis palpis pedibusque rufis, unguihus valde
serratis. Long. -35 *42.

Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 2 ] 7 . ;

Feronia impunctata Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 45.

Pristodactyla americaiia Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 83.

Middle States ; rare. Smaller than the next, and distinguished by the thorax

38 [April,

being more distinctly narrowed towards the base, and by the elytra being slightly
dilated from the base to the posterior third.

I have great doubts of the propriety of separating this genus from Taphria ;
the very slight difference in the form of the last joint of the labial palpi, which
is less dilated in the American species, is surely insufficient. From the differ-
ence in the form of the ungues, noticed in the species below, I am inclined to
believe, that a natural arrangement would require all the genera (so called) of
this group, in which the mentum tooth is emarginate, the paraglossae longer than
the ligula, and the ungues serrate, to be united into one genus. The species
contained in Pristonychus, Pristodactyla and Taphria do not appear more dif-
ferent from each other than those embraced in Platynus.

2. P. corvina, nigra, nitida, thorace ovali, postice vix angustiore, latitudine
non breviore, anulis posticis rotundatis, latenbus margine anguste reflexo, basi
utrinque late foveato, elytris thorace latioribus postice non dilatatis, striis pro-
fundis, bipunctatis, antennis palpis pedibusque runs, unguibus valde serratis.
Long. -46.

Lee. Ann. Lye 4, 217.

Pristonyckus americanus Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 52.

Pennsylvania and Georgia; not common.

3. P. ad vena, nigra, subnitida, thorace subquadrato, postice subangustiore,
lateribus rotundatis, margine subreflexo, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, basi
utrinque late foveato, elytris thorace latioribus tenuiter striatis, bipunctatis, an-
tennis pedibusque nigro-piceis, unguibus basi subtilius serratis. Long. *3G 4.

Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 217.

Lake Superior ; not rare on the northern shore; a specimen from the north-
eastern boundary of Maine was kindly given me by Mr. Brevoort. More slender
than any of the other species here described, and very similar in appearance to
some of the smaller European Pristonychus. The mentum tooth is much less
emarginate than in the preceding.

4. P. dub i a, nigra, minus nitida, thorace obovato, postice magis angustato,
angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, basi depressa utrinque subfoveata^ elytris
thorace latioribus subellipticis, tenuiter striatis bipunctatis, antennis pedibusque
piceis, unguibus ba>i vix obsolete serrulatis. Long. -48.

One specimen: New Mexico; collected by Mr. Fendler. The base of the
thorax is only about two-thirds as wide as the apex ; the dorsal line is fine, but
the transverse impressions are well marked. The mentum tooth is narrow, and
very slightly emarginate at the tip.

In these four species, the under surface of the tarsi is glabrous, and the outer
margin of the two posterior pairs is deeply grooved. In my synopsis of Pteros-
tichus (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.,2d ser., vol. 2) it will be seen that in closely allied
species, the latter character is of little value. The same would seem to be the
case in the present group, and no better proof is required than the remarks made
by Baron Chaudoir, on the page immediately opposite that in which he insists
strongly on the great assistance which is derived from it in distinguishing Cala-
thus from Pristonychus. The real difference between the genera is precisely
that so long ago made known by Erichson, viz., the length of the paraglossae,
which in Calathus do not extend beyond the ligula, while in Pristonychus (and
likewise in Pristodactyla and Taphria) they are very distinctly elongated.

Anchtjs Lee.

Palpi tenues, acuminati, maxillares articulo ultimo paulo longiore ; antennae
filiformes, articulo lmo crassiore,. et longiore; mentum dente medio simplici;
ligula truncata, paraglossis angustis longioribus.

A curious insect, having very much the appearance of Diaphorus, but having
the head less constricted posteriorly, and the elytra rounded at the apex ; the
thorax is long and cordate, almost turned into a pedicel at the base, with the
impressions elongate and very narrow ; the elytra are twice as wide as the thorax,
oblong and convex, with the humoral angles rounded, and the apex scarcely

1854.] 39

sinuate ; the striae are deep and moderately punctured, the intervals are narrow,
convex, and are each marked with a row of very fine punctures, from which pro-
ceed very short hairs.

The legs are moderately long, the anterior tibiae scarcely dilated at the apex,
with the emargination extending nearly to the middle ; in the male the first three
joints of the anterior tarsi are very slightly dilated, and furnished beneath with
a few papilla3. The antennas are very slightly thickened externally ; the first
three joints and the base of the fourth are smooth, but furnished with a few scat-
tered hairs ; the first is longer than the third, and somewhat thicker than in the
other genera of this group. The paraglossae are narrow, curved, and longer than
the truncate ligula ; the tooth in the emargination of the mentum is moderately
large, and almost acute at the tip. The palpi are slender and moderately long ;
the last joint is elongate oval, and almost acute at the tip; that of the maxillary
palpi is distinctly longer than the penultimate joint.

It seems by its characters closely to approach Stomis, but the mandibles are not
so long and the labrum is not at all emarginate. By the structure of the anterior
tibiae as well as by the sexual characters, it evidently belongs to the* present
group.

1. A. pus il 1 us, niger, nitidus, parce breviter pubescens, capite parce punc-
tato, thorace latitudine longiore, convexo, cordato, postice constricto, angulis
posticis rectis, disco obsoletius basi et apice distinctius punctatis, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus oblongis convexis, profunde striatis interstitiis convexis uniseri-
atim punctulatis, piceis lateribus late rufescentibus, antennis palpis, pedibusque
rufis. Long. '25.

* Stomis americanns Lap.' Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 356.

Platynus pusillus\. Harris, MSS.

Massachusutts, Dr. Harris; Illinois, Mr.Willcox. Finding in this insect many
of the characters of Stomis, I was misled by the very poor description of Mr.
Laporte, (Etudes Entom. 1, 72) with which it agrees as closely as could be ex-
pected, in every respect except size. Baron Chaudoir, as I have already ob-
served in my synopsis of Pterostichus, (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 2d ser., 2,) has
since stated that Mr. Laporte's insect is Feronia fastidita Dej. Under these
circumstances, the specific name adopted by me under error falls, and I take
pleasure in giving to the insect the name under which it was communicated to
me by Dr. Harris.

Rhadine Lee.

This genus only differs essentially from Platynus by the greater length of the
third joint of the antennae, which is one half longer than the fourth joint ; the
first joint is short, being about one-half longer than the second. The form of body
is that of the first division of Platynus, but the margins of the thorax and elytra
are more broadly rerlexed, and the elytra are strongly sinuate at the apex ; the
antennas and feet are also longer. These characters give the insect a considerable
resemblance, in general appearance, to Anophthalmia.

1. R. larva lis, pallide rufo-picea, nitida, thorace cordato-ovali, postice
valde angustato, valde reflexo-marginato, angulis posticis rectis, elytris fere ellip-
ticis, dorso planiusculis, fortiter marginatis, apice sinuatis, obsolete striatis, sub-
tiliter tripunctatis. Long. "41.

Le Conte, Ann. Lye. 4, 219.

One specimen (male) found near St. Louis, Missouri, was kindly given my by
Dr. Engelmann. In the State of Ohio, Dr. Schaum procured a dark brownish
black specimen, in which the sinus of the elytra was so strong, as to form on
each side of the apex a tooth; the specimen was a female, but not having it be-
fore me for examination, I cannot determine whether the difference is to be re-
garded as sexual or specific,

Platynus Bon. (emend. Brulle.)
Under this generic name I group, after the example of Mr. Brulle, those spe-

40 [April,

cies upon which Bonelli formed his three genera, Platynus, Anehomenus, and
Agonum. My reason for preferring for this assemblage of species the name
Platynus, is merely, that such was the name chosen by Mr. Brulle, who was
the first entomologist to perceive the necessity of merging the groups into one
genus. Two years afterwards, Erichson proposed to call the assemblage of
Bonelli's three genera by the name Anehomenus, alleging that Platynus was in-
applicable to most of the species, and that it had, moreover, been employed (in
the form Platyna) for a genus of Diptera ; the first point, in the present state of
nomenclature, need not occupy our attention; the second point is also without
weight, since Platyna was proposed as a genus many years after the establish-
ment of Platynus by Bonelli, and before it was shown that the latter genus in-
cluded any other form than that to which it was limited by the author. The
name Platynus was consequently not vacant, and its application in any form, to
a genus other than that intended by Bonelli was improper.

This genus, as here understood, contains a very large number of species, all
agreeing in having the paraglossae scarcely longer than the ligula ; the mentum
tooth distinct and not emarginate ; the palpi slender, with the last joint ahout
equal to the preceding; the first joint of the antennae moderately thick, not
longer than the third, which again is not longer than the fourth; the tarsi are
filiform, and the ungues entirely smooth.

The antennas are usually filiform, but sometimes setaceous. The form of body
is variable, usually somewhat slender, with the elytra nearly twice as wide as
the head or thorax, and oval or oblong, sometimes elliptical ; the elytra are
either rounded, truncate or emarginate at the base, usually slightly sinuate at
the apex, and sometimes almost truncate, in which case a form of body results
not unlike Dromius or Metabletus. Occasionally the form of body is stouter,
and the elytra are hardly one half wider than the thorax ; and in some west-
ern species, unknown to me, the form is said to be almost similar to Calathus ;
these latter species have been separated by Motschulsky as Tanystoma, (after-
wards changed to Tanystola) ; the only characters given are, that the last joint of
the palpi is longer than the preceding, and the posterior angles of the thorax ob-
tuse. Scaphiodactylus (Chaudoir) is also said to have the palpi as in Tanystola,
but the posterior angles of the thorax are acute. Not having identified these
genera, I can with propriety say nothing in regard to them.

The thorax is very variable in form, being sometimes oval, sometimes cordate,
square, or rounded ; the margin is sometimes strongly reflexed, sometimes hardly
visible. The interval between the second and third stria; of the elytra is always
marked with punctures, or fovae, varying in number from three to seven ; some
species, not known to me by personal observation, are described as having but
two punctures.

To facilitate the determination of our species, the following division into
groups may be found useful.

A. Corpus apterum gracile ; thorax fortiter marginatus, ovalis ; elytra humeris
rotundatis indistinctis. Sp. 1 4.

B. Corpus alatum gracile ; thorax margine mediocri, elytra basi truncata, an-
gulis posticis distinctis, tripunctata.

a. Angulis posticis thoracis non prominulis ; antennae subsetaceae ;
tenuiter striata. Sp. 5 7-

b. Angulis posticis thoracis prominulis; antennas filiformes ; elytra tenuiter
striata. Sp. 8 9.

c. Nigerrimi ; elytra profunde striata. Sp. 10 11.

C. Corpus alatum, gracile ; thorax subcordatus, tenuiter marginatus, angulis
posticis distinctis, impressionibus basalibus proecipue profundis productis.

d. Elytra tripunctata, pedes concolores. Sp. 12 13.

e. Elytra multipunctata, pedes run, vel picei. Sp. 14 18.

D. Corpus alatum, praecipue minus gracile, thorax rotundatus, (raro quadratus;)
lytra tripunctata.

f. Praecipue nigri (raro picei vel metallici ;) pedes concolores. Sp. 19 31.

1854.] 41

g. Pedes testacei, vel run; thorax convexus tenuiter mar-
ginatus. Sp. "" 33.

E. Corpus alatum, gracile; thorax ovalis, vel leviter cordatus, tenuius mar-
ginatus ; elytra tripunctata; pedes plus minusve testacei. Sp. 3440.

F. Corpus alatum, gracile, praecipue elongatum; thorax ovalis ; elytra multi-
punctata; pedes plus minusve testacei. Sp. 41 48.

G. Corpus alatum; thorax rotundatus, tenuissime marginatus ;
elytra foveata. Sp. 49.

H. Corpus alatum, minus gracile, thorax praecipue rotundatus (praecipue
tenuiter marginatus) impressionibus basalibus latis, minus profundis ; elytra
multipunctata.

h. Corpus elongatum metallicum, pedes concolores. Sp. 50 51.

i. Corpus minus elongatum sub^racile, pedes plus minusve testacei.

Sp. 5254.
k. Corpus robustius, angulis thoracis posticis fere distinctis. Sp. 55 56.
I. Corpus alatum, fere gracile, elytra oblonga, basi valde emarginata, apice
fere truncata; elytra vel tripunctata, vel quadrifoveata. Sp. 57 61.

The cases of difficulty, in referring species by this table, will be but few ; a
species (P. quadratus) is placed in (f.,) which might, with almost equal propriety,
be placed with (d.) ; still, the form is less slender, and the margin of the thorax
much more obvious than in the latter group.

P. crenulatus in group (F.) differs from the others of the same group, by the
broader and more quadrate elytra ; still, its chief affinities appear to be with that
group, and I have, therefore, not separated it from its allies.

A.

The species of this group are of a slender form and not winged ; the legs and
antennae are long ; the thorax is obovate, usually elongate ; the posterior angles
are obtuse and rounded at the apex ; the lateral margin is strongly reflexed, and
is broader than usual. The elytra are regularly elliptical, with no distinct hu-
meral angles ; they are sinuate towards the tip ; the lateral margin is broader
than in any other group, and is strongly reflexed. This group corresponds to
Platynus of Bonelli and Dejean.

1. P. f ra g il i s, piceus,thorace latitudine fere longiore obovato, fortius mar-
ginato, angulis posticis obtusis, subrotundatis, basi transversim profunde im-
presso, elytris ellipticis, thorace duplo latioribus, fortius marginatis, tenuiter
striatis, 3-punctatis, antennis versus apicem subincrassatis. Long. -34.

Found in the mountains near Santa Isabpl, in the southern part of California.
One specimen has four impressed punctures on the elytra. The antennae, instead
of being setaceous, as in the next two species, are slightly thickened beyond the
fourth joint, as in most of the species of this genus.

2. P. h y p o 1 i t h o s, niger nitidus, thorace latitudine fere longiore, obovato,
fortiter marginato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, basi transversim profunde
impresso, utrinque longius sat profunde impresso, elytris thorace duplo latioribus
ellipticis fortius marginatis, striis modice profundis, interstitiis convexis 2, 4 et
6to juxta striis biseriatim irregulariter punctatis, antennis setaceis palpis pedi-
busque ferrugineis. Long. 55.

Feronia hypolithos Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 59.

Platynus erythropus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 97.

Middle and Western States, in the vicinity of mountains. Besides the punc-
tures mentioned, there are several on the sutural stria before the middle. De-
jean's description is very full, but lest any entomologist should hesitate in refer-
ring this species to the description given by Say, which is certainly defective in
some particulars, I transcribe it to save the labor of future reference.

"Apterous, black, glabrous : feet rufous ; striae of the elytra punctured. Length
more than ll-20th of an inch.

"Antennae dark piceous ; palpi rufo-piceous. Thorax narrowed behind, dorsal

42 [April,

line deeply impressed, surface obsoletely transversely wrinkled, basal lines di-
lated, distinctly indented, angles obtusely rounded, lateral edge regularly ar-
quated. Elytra, striae not deeply impressed, irregularly punctured. Thighs and
coxae rufous ; tibiae and tarsi dark rufous.

" This species seems to belong to the genus Pterostiehus of Bonelli, and it may
be distinguished from those which we have mentioned to be referable to that
genus by the color of its feet."

3. P. angustatus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine fere longiore, obovato,
fortius marginato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, basi transversim impresso,
utrinque longius sat profunde impresso, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, ellipticis
fortius marginatis, striis profundis, interstitiis convexis, 3io quadripunctato, an-
tennis setaceis, tibiis tarsisque piceis. Long. *5 '55.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 98.

Catskill Mountains, New York; Habersham Co., Georgia. This species is
probably found in all mountainous portions of the United States east of the Mis-
sissippi.

4. P. stygicus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, postice
angustato, fortius marginato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, basi transversim
impresso, utrinque latius profunde impresso, elytris thorace vix duplo latioribus,
basi subtruncatis striis profundis, interstitiis subconvexis, 3io tripunctato, an-
tennis filiformibus. Long. .43.

One specimen, found at Sault Ste Marie. This species resembles in appearance
P. sinuatus, &c, below, but from the absence of wings, and from the form of the
thorax, I am induced to place it in the present division. The margin of the thorax
is not as wide as in the other species, but is a little dilated towards the posterior
angles ; the basal impressions are deep, and are destitute of punctures or lines.
The elytra are slightly convex, and their lateral margin is somewhat narrower
than in the preceding species.

B a.

Composed of winged species, of a piceous black color and slender form ; the
antennas are long and setaceous; the thorax is strongly margined, a little wider
than long, somewhat narrowed posteriorly, with the basal angles obtuse, neither
prominent nor rounded ; the posterior transverse impression is strong, and the
basal impressions moderately long and deep. The elytra are more than twice
as wide as the thorax, truncate at base, finely margined, sinuate towards the
extremity ; the humeral angles are rounded ; the striae are fine, and the third in-
terstice has three punctures, the first being placed in the 3d stria, the other two
in the 2d stria.

5. P.tenuicollis, piceo-niger, thorace latitudine fere longiore, capite non
latiore, margine latiore piceo fortius reflexo, angulis posticis subrotundatis, elytris
striis tenuibus profundis, tripunctatis, antennis palpis pedibusque piceis. Long.
3S.

Ajichomenus tenuicollis Lee. Ann. Lye 4, 222.

One specimen, found at the Sault Ste Marie. Although very much resembling
the next species in all its characters, the thorax is comparatively so much nar-
rower, that I am obliged to consider it as distinct. The base of the thorax is
more obliquely truncate each side, by which the basal angles are rendered more
obtuse. By a clerical error the specific name is printed angusiicollis, in Agassiz'
Lake Superior.

6. P. marginatus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, lateri-
bus rotundatis, margine latiore piceo fortius reflexo, basi late rotundata, angulis
posticis obtusis subrotundatis, elytris striis profundis, tripunctatis, antennis
palpis tibiis tarsisque piceis. Long. -42.

Lee Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Anehomenus marginatus Lee. Ann. Lye. 221.

Middle and Western States ; not rare. A specimen from the north shore of

1854.] 43

Lake Superior agrees perfectly with this species, except that the legs are entirely
of a dark testaceous yellow. From the next this species is distinguished by the
lateral margin of the thorax being as wide anteriorly as towards the base, and
more strongly reflexed.

7. P. cincticollis, niger, nitidus, thorace latitiuline breviore, postice an-
gustato, lateribus rotundatis, postice subsinuatis, margine piceo reflexo, postice
latiore, elytris tenuiter striatis, tripunctatis, antennis pedibusque piceis, vel
piceo-testaceis. Long. *37 *45.

Feronia cincticollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 52.

Ancho menus cincticollis Say, ibid 4, 421.

Platynus blandu.i Germ. Ins. Nov. 12.

Anchomenus corvinus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 102. Lee, Ann. Lye. 4, 221.

Anchomenus deplanatus Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1S43, 763. Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 221.

Anchomenus marginalia Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 299.

Middle and Southern States ; common. The last two synonyms belong to a <
variety in which the interstices of the elytra, instead of being slightly convex as
usual, are entirely flat ; there are, however, no other differences of a definite
character, and I see no reason why they should be retained as distinct. The
brevity of Mr. Haldeman's description will make it doubtful whether this or
the preceding species was meant, but a typical specimen kindly furnished me by
'him evidently belongs to the present species.

Dr. Harris possesses a specimen of this species, which was named Feronia
maculifrons, by Mr. Say; with the description (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol.3, p.
146) of that species it does not agree.

B b.

Containing two winged species from California, closely allied to those of the
preceding division, but of a somewhat less slender form, and with filiform an-
tennae. The thorax is strongly margined, slightly narrowed towards the base,
with the posterior angls obtuse, not rounded, and slightly prominent; the pos-
terior transverse impression is deep, and the basal impressions shallow ; the
elytra are twice as wide as the thorax, truncate at base, with the humeral angles
rounded ; they are finely margined and very slightly sinuate towards the tip; the
strise are fine, the interstices slightly convex, and the third has frequently four
impressed punctures, which, however, seem liable to considerable variation ;
the normal number appears to be three.

8. P. b i c o 1 o r, piceo-rufus, nitidus, thorace latitudine vix breviore, postice
subangustato, lateribus rotundatis, postice sinuatis, margine fortius reflexo, basi
truncata, angulis posticis rectis prominulis, elytris piceis, thorace duplo latiori-
bus, striis tennibus, interstitiis vix convexis, margine rufo-piceo. Long. '43.

San Diego, California. The lateral margin of the thorax is moderately wide
and not dilated posteriorly ; the basal impressions are marked with a short im-
pressed line at the bottom. Apart from color this species is distinguished from
the next by the narrower thorax and more slender form.

9. P. c i n c t e 1 1 u s, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore, postice paulo
anirustato, lateribus rotundatis postice sinuatis, margine fortius reflexo, diaphano,
basi truncata, angulis posticis prominulis rectis, elytris thorace fere duplo lati-
oribus, striis tenuibus, interstitiis vix convexis, margine saepe tenuiter piceo.
Long. *42.

San Francisco, California ; very abundant. Specimens occur with three, four,
and even five punctures on the third interstice of the elytra ; the impressed lines
of the basal impressions of the thorax are less distinct than in the preceding ;
the antennae and palpi are nearly black ? the tarsi are sometimes dark piceous.

I have distributed this insect under the name Anch. brunneo-marginatus (Mann.
Bull. Mosc. 1843, 196,) but on reconsidering the matter, I find so many points
of disagreement, that 1 am obliged to propose a new name. His description reads :

"Apterus, niger, depressus, capite laevissimo inter antennas impresso, thorace
longiore, subcordato, lateribus refiexo-marginatis, angulis posticis acutiusculis,

44 [April,

elytris oblongo-ovalibus, apice sinuatis, leviter striatis, punctis tribus minutis
impressis, antennis pedibus, thoracis elytrorurnque margine rufo-brunneis. Long.
4* lin. lat. H lin."

With regard to the value of the first word of this diagnosis, I will merely ob-
serve that it occurs also in Count Mannerheim's diagnosis of Anch. maeulicoUis
(1. c. 199,) which, however, I found at San Diego, in July, flying about in the
evening twilight in such numbers as to be a source of great annoyance.

B c.

The species of this group are moderately large, winged, and a pure shining
black color; the thorax is slightly cordiform, with the posterior angles rectan-
gular; the dorsal line and anterior transverse impression are deep ; the basal
impressions are large, moderately deep and finely punctulate; the lateral margin
is moderate and is strongly retlexed, and slightly diaphanous in a strong light.
The elytra are more than one half broader than the thorax, truncate at base,
slightly sinuate at the extremity ; they are somewhat flattened on the disc, and
declivous towards the margin ; the stria? are deep, and the third interstice has
three impressed punctures.

I regret to be partly answerable for the confusion introduced among the
species of this group, by mistaking those which have been already described,
and incautiously admitting some which are not sufficiently distinct. Having
carefully re-examined the subject, I hope that the results, here arrived at, may
be found corrrct.

10. P. d e c e ns, niger, subnitidus, alatus, thorace postice subangustato, late-
ribus postice vix sinuatis, angulis posticis non prominulis, impressionibus basali-
bus dilatatis punctulatis, elytris magis deplanatis, tripunctatis, striis profundis
obsolete punctulatis. Long. -5 *56.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Feronia decentis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 53.

Andiomenus gagates Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 107.

Andiomenus decentis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 421.

Anchomenus coracinus Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 220. (Descriptio nequam.)

Middle and Southern States ; not common. The description last cited was
made from a badly preserved specimen, in which the wings had probably been
pulled off to enable the elytra to be brought together ; at least, on raising the
elytra, I find fragments of the wings still remaining. The distinctive characters
of the species are the larger size, the less distinct posterior angles of the thorax,
(which are almost obtuse and very slightly rounded,) and the less lustrous and
more flattened elytra. The .fine punctures of the striae are sometimes almost
invisible. Dejean mentions four elytral punctures ; the second one, however, is
abnormal.

11. P. s i n u a t us, niger, nitidus, alatus, thorace latitudine subbreviore postice
subangustato. lateribus postice vix sinuatis (basi apice sublatiore) angulis posticis
vix prominulis, impressionibus basalibus dilatatis, punctulatis, elytris paulo con-
vexis, bipunctatis, striis modice profundis, punctulatis. Long. .4 5.

? Audio menus sinuatus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 108. l.ec. Ann. Lye. 4, 220.

Middle States and Lake Superior. I am somewhat doubtful whether this is
really Dejean's species. He says, in comparison, with the preceding, "le corselet
est a peu pres de la meme forme ; seulement les bords lateraux sont un peu
moins largement deprimes." This difference, if it exists, is by no means obvious.
The only satisfactory characters I can find are the smaller size, the more shining,
less depressed and less deeply striate elytra.

a. Thorace postice magis angustato, lateribus postice subsinuatis, angulis pos-
ticis subprominulis.

Anchomenus depressus Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 299. Lee. Ann. Lye.
4, 221.

Platynus depressus Lee. Agassiz* Lake Superior.

Western States and Lake Superior. The difference in the form of the thorax

1854.] 45

is quite perceptible, yet, as there are forms almost intermediate, and no other
character can be seen to separate it from the preceding, I think it expedient to
arrange it as one of the races of P. sinuatus.

0. Thorace latitudine non breviore, postice angustato, et lateribus longius
sinuato, angulis posticis paulo prominulis; impressionibus basalibus profundiori-
bus.

Middle States and Lake Superior. Although the difference between this and
P. sinuatus seems very considerable, in a large series of the form (*) they seem
to disappear ; 1 have therefore hesitated to propose a new name lor this, and
consider it, like the previous one, as a race under P. sinuatus.

C d.

A group containing winged species, evidently allied to P. exte n si collis
&c, but differing by having only three elytral punctures ; the feet and antennas
are entirely black. The thorax is flattened, moderately margined, the margin
growing broader towards the base; it is almost longer than wide, very slightly'
narrowed posteriorly, hardly sinuate on the sides, truncate at base, with the pos-
terior angles rectangular, not rounded ; the basal impressions are very long and
finely rugous ; the elytra are flattened, truncate at base, slightly sinuate at apex ;
the striae are deep and fine, the interstices flattish, the 3d with three impressed
punctures ; the antennas are filiform.

12. P. f u n e b r i s, cyanescenti-niger, thorace latitudine non breviore, postice
subangu^tato, et lateribus subsinuato, angulis posticis rectis, basi utrfhque lon-
gius impresso, et confertim ruguloso, elytris opacis thorace duplo latioribus
parum convexis, striis subtilibus interstitiis planis, 3io tripunctato. Long. .4.

San Diego, California: abundant in almost dry water courses. Very distinct
from all other species found within our territories.

13. P. ae n e o 1 u s, subtus nigro-virescens, capite thoraceque obscure viridi-
aeneis, hoc latitudine non breviore, postice subangustato, lateribus late rotundatis,
angulis posticis rectis, basi utrinque longius impresso, et confertim ruguloso,
elytris planiusculis purpureo-nigris, nitidis, tripunctatis, striis tenuibus, pro-
fundis, interstitiis vix convexis. Long. *4.

One specimen ; Oregon. Also sufficiently distinct from all our other species.

C e.

A group of extreme complexity, containing winged species of metallic colors,
bluish or greenUh, with the base of the antennas, the feet, and occasionally the
thorax rufous or pale piceous. The antennae are long and filiform ; the thorax
is occasionally a little longer than wide, never much narrowed posteriorly, the
margin fine, but strongly reflexed, moderately rounded on the sides; the base is
oblique each side, and the posterior angles are obtuse and sometimes moderately
rounded ; the basal impressions are long, and posteriorly are marked with a short
line. The elytra are elongate, about twice as wide as the thorax, scarcely sinu-
ate posteriorly, striae deep, but usually fine, the interstices hardly convex, the
third with four to seven punctures, varying in the same species. By arranging
the different forms as races under the more distinct species, this group appears
to be capable of being reduced to order.

14. P. e x t e n s i c o 1 1 i s, supra asneo-viridis, nitidus thorace latitudine longiore,
postice paulo angustato, angulis posticis vix rotundatis, basi punctulata, impres-
sionibus basalibus tuberculo parum elevato intructis, elytris striis subtiliter ob-
solete punctulatis, interstitio3io 47 punctato, antennarum basi pedibusquerufis.
Long. -31 39.

Lee. Aga^siz' Lake Superior, 205.

Feronia extensicollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 54.

Feronia (Anchomenus) proximits Harris, New England Farmer, 1S2S, p. 132.

Anchomenus extensicollis Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 113.

Ago/mm (Anchomenus) extensicollis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 24.

46 [April,

Middle, Southern, and Western States and Lake Superior ; Massachusetts. Dr.
Harris; (lat. 54 according to Kirby.) This is usually considered as the type of
Say's species, and is distinguished by the shining color, by the thorax being more
distinctly narrowed posteriorly, with less rounded angles, and by the tubercle
between the basal impression and the angle being distinct. The punctures of
the base are fine, occasionally extending along the whole base, but sometimes
visible only in the impressions. The color of the elytra sometimes varies to-
wards bluish and coppery. The under surface is black.

*. iEneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, postice angustato angulis
posticis rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus tuberculo indistincto instructis.
Long. *39.

Anchomenus obscuratus Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 763.

1 Anchomenus clongatulas Dej.' Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 222.

Middle States and Lake Superior.

0. Laete viridi-aeneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine non breviore, postice suban-
gustato, basi late rotundata, angulis posticis rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus
tuberculo distincto instructis. Long. *39.

One specimen from Lake Superior, which differs from the type by the thorax
being much less narrowed posteriorly, with the posteriorly angles more rounded.

y. Viridi-aeneus, subnitidus, thorace latitudine longiore, postice subangustato,
angulis posticis subrotundatis, impressionibus basalibus tuberculo nullo. Long.
35 39.

Anchomenus viridis Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 222.

Western States ; a specimen was sent me by Dr. Harris, as Anch. extensicollis
Say.

ef. Cyaneus, subnitidus, thorace latitudine longiore, postice vix angustato, an-
gulis posficis subrotundatis, impressionibus basalibus tuberculo nullo, elytris
striis profundioribus, haud punctulatis. Long. *34.

Northern Sonora, near the Gila River. Resembles (y) except in color; the
striae of the elytra are, however, deeper and not at all punctulate.

g. Capite thoraceque aeneo-viridibus, hoc latitudine vix longiore, postice sub-
angustato, angulis posticis fere rotundatis, impresionibus basalibus tuberculo
distincto instructis, elytris cyaneis, striis profundioribus obsolete punctulatis.
Long. *35.

One specimen found with the preceding.

15. P. simplex, supra aeneo-viridis, subnitidus, thorace latitudine non bre-
viore, postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, basi laevi,
utrinque longius impresso, elytris striis tenuibus impunctatis interstitiis vix con-
vexis 3io 5 8 punctato, antennarum basi pedibusque piceo-testaceis. Long. -3
37.

Colorado River, California. Has very much the form of (J) of the preceding
species, but the thorax is absolutely free from punctures ; in some specimens the
thorax is more distinctly narrowed at the base, but the difference is not well
marked : the base of the thorax is occasionally piceous, as in the dark colored
specimens of the next species, from which it is distinguished by the interstices
of the elytra being smooth. The under surface is black, the epipleurae tinged
with piceous.

16. P. decorns, capite viridi-aeneo, thorace saepius rufo (nonnunquam piceo-
virescente) latitudine vix breviore, basi paulo angustato, angulis posticis obtusis
subrotundatis, basi fere laevi, utrinque longius impresso, elytris striis tenuibus,
interstitiis fere planis sat distincte punctulatis brevissime vix distincte pilbsis,
3io punctis 5 7 impressis, antennis basi pedibusque rufis. Long. *3l 34.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.
Feronia decora Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 53.
Anchomenus decorns Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 115. Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 223.
Anchomenus obscurvs Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 223. (Var. pedibus fere piceis, tho-
raceque viridi.)

1854.] 47

Abundant in the Middle, Southern and Western States ; the dark colored vari-
eties and all the intermediate forms are found on the shores of Onondaga Lake,
near Syracuse, New York. 1 think that Anch. thoracicus Dej. must belong to
this species, but as the fine punctures of the elytra are not mentioned in his des-
cription, it will be safer to consider it as distinct ; in some specimens of () they
might, however, readily be overlooked.

a.. Capite viridi vel cyaneo, thorace rufo, elytris viridi-nigris, interstitiis parce
fere obsolete punctulatis. Long. *31 "34.

Middle and Southern States ; also found near the Pima villages on the Gila.
This differs from the type in having the punctures of the interstices of the elytra
very faint ; they are, however, furnished with short hairs. The specimens from
the Gila differ in having the thorax a little less narrowed posteriorly, and
tinged with greenish.

17. P. anchomenoides, nigro-piceus, capite virescente, thorace subquad-
rato latitudine vix breviore, margine tenui non reflexo, postice subangustato, an-
gulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis basi utrinque minus profunde impresso, disco
virescente, lateribus late parteque inflexa testaceis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus
oblongis, convexiusculis, testaceis, interstitio 3io punctis 4 maiusculis impressis,
antennarum articulis tribus, palpis, ano, pedibusque flavo testaceis. Long. -28.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Agonum anchomenoides Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 2.

Pennsylvania, Lake Superior and Maine ; rare. The disc of the elytra is darker
than the margin ; in the specimen from Pennsylvania the striae are deep and the
intervals somewhat convex ; the one from Lake Superior has very fine striae and
the intervals are entirely flat. Is not Agomim sordens Kirby, (Fauna Bor. Am.
25,) a closely allied species or, perhaps, a variety having smaller punctures.

18. P. c al i fo r n i c u s, niger, piceo-aenescens, thorace subquadrato, lati-
tudine vix breviore, postice subangustato, margine tenuiter reflexo, angulis pos-
ticis obtusis minime rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus elongatis, postice pro-
fundis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, oblongis, basi truncatis, tenuiter striatis,
5-punctatis, antennarum articulo lmo, thoracis parte inflexa, epipleuris pedibus-
que piceo-testaceis. Long. *27 *32.

? Anchomenus calif amicus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 128. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843,197.

San Francisco, San Jose and San Diego, California. I am doubtful about the
propriety of referring this to Dejean's species, which is described as having the
head and thorax obscure greenish-bronzed ; slight traces of such color may be
perceived in some of my specimens, but usually they are of a brownish black
color, slightly tinted with bronze. In the uncertainty which hangs over many
of the species, and under my great want of success in collecting (or perhaps in
identifying) the species found in California, it would be hardly prudent to pro-
pose this as a new species. The refiexed margin of the thorax is distinct, but
very narrow.

D f.

Winged species mostly of a black color, with the legs and antennae of the same
color as the body ; the thorax is rounded, with the posterior angles very obtuse,
or altogether rounded; the margin is moderately broad, usually slightly dilated
and refiexed towards the base ; the basal impressions are broad and shallow ; the
elytra are not much wider than the thorax, truncate, or even subemarginate at
the base, rounded and hardly perceptibly sinuate towards the extremity ; the in-
terstices are mostly fiat, and the third has three punctures, the second of which,
except when otherwise stated, is placed on or near the third stria. A numerous
group, containing closely allied, yet quite distinct species.

19. P. c ol 1 a r i s, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato, paulo convexo latitudine
vix breviore, angulis posticis rotundatis ^ndistinctis, margine picescente latius
reflexo postice latiore, impressionibus basalibus vix definitis, elytris thorace
sesqui latioribus convexiusculis, striis tenuibus subtiliter crenulatis, interstitiis
planis, 3io tripunctato, antennis basi fere piceis. Long. *3 -35.

Anchomenus collaris Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc 4, 421.

5

48 [April,

Louisiana; Dr. Schaum. A very distinct species, having the reflexed margin
of the thorax broader than in any of the following; the basal impressions, al-
though deep, are formed principally by the union of the reflexed margin with
the moderately convex disc, and are consequently very indefinite. The punctures
of the striae of the elytra are very distinct.

20. P.moerens, piceo-niger, nitidus, thorace subrotundato, latitudine paulo
breviore, basi fere truncato, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, margine re-
flexo postice latiusculo, impressionibus basalibus latis, tuberculo nullo, elytris
thorace fere duplo latioribus, parum convexis, tenuiter striatis, tripunctatis.
Long. -34 -38.

Agonwm mcere?is Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 152.

Louisiana, Dr. Schaum; Pennsylvania. This species differs from P. tenuis and
others having fine elytral striae, by the greater breadth of the reflexed margin of
the thorax, (which, however, is narrower than in the preceding,) and by the
greater distinctness of the posterior angles ; the reflexed margin is sometimes
tinged with piceous ; the second elytral puncture is very near the second stria.

21. P. laevis, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato, latitudine paulo breviore,
basi late rotundata, angulis indistinctis, margine reflexo postice paulo latiore,
impressionibus basalibus profundis, tuberculo obsoleto instructis, elytris con-
vexiusculis, tripunctatis, striis profundis, vix punctulatis. Long. *35 38.

Middle and Western States. The thorax is more rounded than in P. melana-
rius ; the tubercle of the basal impression less distinct, and the posterior angles
hardly perceptible. From P. atratus it differs by the more strongly reflexed
thoracic margin, the deeper basal impressions and the wider elytra.

22. P. melanarius, niger, nitidus, thorace subrotundato, latitudine bre-
viore, basi fere truncata, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, margine reflexo
postice paulo latiore, impressionibus basalibus latis, subrugosis, tuberculo dis-
tincto instructis, elytris thorace vix sesqui latioribus, basi subemarginatis, minus
convexis, tripunctatis, striis profundis punctulatis, tibiis tarsisque obscure pices-
centibus. Long. *36 '4-

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Ago?rum melanarivm Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 152. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 26.

Agonum maicrum Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 300.

Middle States, abundant; Vermont, Dr. Harris. The more reflexed thoracic
margin the deeper basal impressions, and the distinct tubercle near the angle
will readily separate this species from P. Harrisii. Dr. Harris thinks that this
is not the species intended by Dejean. As, however, the latter says that the
tibiae, tarsi and basal joint of the antennae are sometimes of a brownish color, I
think that he cannot refer to any other of our species having three elytral punc-
tures. A specimen having the thorax a little longer and less regularly rounded
on the sides, was sent me, by Dr. Harris, under the name Agomim nitidum \ I
cannot, however, find sufficiently definite characters to separate it.

23. P.metallescens, supra nigro-aeneus, subnitidus, thorace subrotundato,
latitudine breviore, basi late rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, mar-
gine angustius reflexo postice vix latiore, impressionibus basalibus subrugosis,
tuberculo distincto instructis, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus paulo convexis,
basi subemarginatis, striis tenuibus profundis, subtiliter punctulatis, interstitiis
paulo convexis, 3io tripunctato. Long. *3 35.

Sault Ste Marie, and northern shore of Lake Superior. Resembles in form and
sculpture the preceding species, but, besides the color, readily distinguished by
the narrower thoracic margin. The under surface, the antennae and feet are
black, slightly bronzed.

24. P. t e n u i s, supra aeneo-niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore, subro-
tundato, basi late rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, margine angus-
tius reflexo picescente postice sublatiore, impressionibus basalibus latis minus
profundis, subrugosis, tuberculo indistincto instructis, elytris thorace fere sesqui
latioribus, convexiusculis, tenuiter striatis, interstitiis planis, 3io tripunctato.
Long. '36.

1854.] 49

Middle and Eastern States, rare. Sufficiently distinct from P. melanarius, by
the slightly bronzed color, more obtuse and more rounded posterior thoracic an-
gles, and less deep and impunctured elytral striae. From P. metallescens, which
it resembles in the form of the thorax, it is easily known by the smooth elytral
striae and more dull color. From P. moerens, it is distinguished by the wider
thorax with more rounded base and less distinct posterior angles.

Dr. Harris sent a specimen as Ag. collare Say ; the impunctured striae, how-
ever, prevent it from being referred to the species described by him under the
same name in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. as above quoted.

25. P. Harrisii, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, subro-
tundato, basi late rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, margine angus-
tius depresso vix reflexo, impressionibus basalibus latis, subrugosis, minus pro-
fundis, tuberculo obsoleto instructis, elytris paulo inaequalibus, thorace sesqui
latioribus, tripunctatis, striis impunctatis. Long. *35 *4.

Agonnm Harrisii Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 225.

Massachusetts and Lake Superior. The inequalities of the elytra are pro-
duced by irregular dilated shallow impressions along the course of the striae : the
most obvious of these is usually near the extremity of the fifth striae : Dr. Harris
regards this as specific, and therefore applied to the species the unpublished
name Ag. sulcatum. The thorax is less transverse and less rounded than in the
preceding species, and the sides are less distinctly reflexed towards the base.
The second elytral puncture is on the second stria.

26. P. pice us, rufo-piceus, nitidus, antennis capite thoraceque supra ob-
scuris, hoc quadrato-rotundato, latitudine paulo breviore, basi late rotundata,
angulis posticis obtusis vix rotundatis, marine anguste depresso vix reflexo, im-
pressionibus basalibus latis, minus profundis, elytris thorace vix sesqui latiori-
bus tripunctatis, striis sat profundis. Long. *28.

Agouum piceum Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 226.

Massachusetts, Dr. Harris. Although differing in size and color, so as to pre-
sent no resemblance whatever to P. Harrisii, the form and structure is very
much as in that species : the posterior angles of the thorax are more distinct,
and the elytral striae deeper : as in that species, the second elytral puncture is
in the second stria.

27. P. car bo, niger, nitidus, thorace subrotundato, latitudine paulo bre-
viore, basi vix late rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, margine angus-
tissime reflexo, impressionibus basalibus minus dilatatis, sat profundis, elytris
thorace vix sesqui latioribus convexiusculis, tenuiter striatis, tripunctatis.
Long. -35.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

One specimen, from the northern shore of Lake Superior. Differs from all
the preceding species by the narrower and slightly thickened reflexed margin of
the thorax. It approaches otherwise perhaps most nearly to P. tenuis : the
second elytral puncture is very near the second stria, but not in it, as in the tw r o
preceding species.

28. P. atratus, niger, nitidus, thorace fere rotundato, latitudine paulo bre-
viore, basi rotundata, angulis posticis rotundatis, indistinctis, margine reflexo
postice paulo latiore, impressionibus basalibus latis tuberculo obsoleto instructis,
elytris thorace paulo latioribus, convexiusculis, tripunctatis, striis sat profundis.
Long. -34.

Lee. Agassiz 5 Lake Superior, 205.

Northern shore of Lake Superior. The thorax perhaps most nearly resembles
that of P. melanarius, but the base is more rounded, and the basal angles hardly
to be determined : the elytra are but little wider than the thorax, and more con- -
vex, giving the insect very much the form of Pterostichus erythropus. In one
specimen the striae of the elytra are impunctured, in another they are obsoletely
punctulate.

29. P. frater, niger, nitidus, thorace transverso,subquadrato, basi vix late

y

50 [April,

rotundato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, lateribus late rotundatis, margine
anguste reflexo, basi utrinque late impressa, tuberculo indistincto instructo,
elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, paulo convexis, tripunctatis, striis profundis,
interstitiis paulo convexis. Long. -35.

San Francisco and San Diego, California, not rare. I was inclined to refer
this species to Agonum brevicolle Dej ., (Sp. Gen. 3, 159) but on examining seve-
ral specimens, I find that the elytral punctures are always three: the second is
placed about the middle on the third stria, as in most of the species above
described : the lateral margin of the thorax is hardly wider towards the poste-
rior angles than at the middle: the basal impressions are sometimes slightly ru-
gous and punctulate. The form of the thorax is somewhat that of P. Harrisii,
but is less rounded on the sides.

30. P. quadratus, aeneo-niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore,
quadrato, postice subangustato, basi media truncata, margine reflexo postice
paulo latiore, angulis posticis vix rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus profundis,
subtiliter rugosis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus minus convexis subquadratis,
tripunctatis, striis sat profundis, interstitiis fere planis. Long. .34.

One specimen, Oregon. Enough remains of the antennae and feet, to show
that they were black. This species has a comparatively smaller thorax than
the others of this group, and seems to establish a passage towards group (C d,)
from which, however, it differs in having the basal impressions of the thorax
more excavated, and not prolonged anteriorly. The sides of the thorax are
moderately rounded anteriorly : the second elytral puncture is placed on the
second stria.

31. P. c u pr i p e nn i s , subtus aeneo-niger, capite thoraceque viridi-aureis,
nitidis, hoc latitudine breviore rotundato, margine tenui postice paulo latiore,
basi utrinque modice impressa, subtiliter rugosa, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus,
oblongo-ovalibus, fulgenti-cupreis, viridi late marginatis, subtiliter tripunctatis,
striis tenuibus, interstitiis planis. Long. *32 *36.

iLec Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Feronia cupripevnis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 50.

Agonum cupripenne Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 139. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 28.

Abundant throughout the Middle and Western States; found also at Lake Su-
perior, and, according to Kirby, in lat. 54. A variety from Lake Superior has
the thorax and head and margin of the elytra greenish blue, and the disc of the
latter golden.

A specimen from New York, given me by Mr. Guex, has the upper surface
green, somewhat darker, and tinged with purple on the head and thorax.

D-g.

A group containing winged species, in which the thorax is almost circular,
and finely margined, with the basal impressions deep, but very small like punc-
tures. The elytra are oval, truncate at base, slightly sinuate at tip, and mode-
rately convex ; the stria? are deep and punctured, the third interval has three im-
pressed punctures: the antennae at least in part are rufous.

32. P. punctiformis, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato, tenuiter margi-
nato, basi utrinque puncto maiusculo impresso, elytris thorace fere duplo latiori-
bus. convexis tripunctatis striis antice punctulatis, antennarum basi tibiis tar-
sisque rufis, femoribus saepe nigro-piceis. Long. *28 *36.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 206.

Feronia punctijormis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 58.

Agonum rufipes Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 173.

Agonum pun ct if or vie Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4,423.

Agonum foveicolle Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc. 1843, 764.

Lake Superior, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Nebraska. Between the specimens
having the legs entirely red, and those having the thighs almost black, I can
perceive no difference of a specific nature. Mr. Chaudoir compares it with Ag.
lenum (Dej.,) but his description applies to no other but this species.

1851.] 51

33. P. limbatus, nitidus, capite thoraceque saturate piceo-rufis,'hoc ro-
tundato, tenuiter marginato, basi utrinque puncto magno impresso, elytris thorace
hand sesqui latioribus nigris margine lato testaceo, tripunctatis, striis fortius
puuctatis, postpectore abdomineque nigris, antennis piceis basi, palpis pedibus-
que testaceis. Long. -35.

Feronia limbata Say, Trans. Am. Phil Soc. 2, 47.
Agonum palliatum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 174.

Georgia, Illinois and Pennsylvania. A more robust species than the preceding,
with a larger thorax.

E.

A. group containing winged species of a metallic or submetallic color, with
the base of the antennae, the palpi and the legs, or at least the tibiae and tarsi
yellow. The thorax is slightly cordiform, narrowly margined, with the poste-
rior angles obtuse and slightly rounded ; the basal impressions are deep, mode-
rately large and punctulate ; the elytra are twice as wide as the thorax, truncate
at base, moderately convex ; the striae are punctured ; the third interstice has
three punctures, of which the second is on or near the second stria.

34. P. as r u g i n o s u s, piceo-aeneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine subbreviore,
ovali, convexo, tenuiter marginato, angulis posticis rotundatis, impressionibus
basalibus parvis minus impressis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, ovalibus, con-
vexis, tenuiter striatis, rnterstitiis planis, 3io tripunctato, antennarum basi pedi-
busque piceo-testaceis. Long. 23 *28.

Agonum aruginosum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 168.

Vermont, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Georgia. By the small size of the basal im-
pression of the thorax, this is readily distinguished from the other species, of this
group. Sometimes the antennae appear entirely brownish black, but usually the
first joint, at least, is reddish.

35. P. exc a va t u s, aenpus, nitidus, thorace latitudine non breviore, parum
convexo, postice subanaustato, basi punctulato utrinque profunde impresso, an-
gulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus tenuiter striatis,
striis versus basin subtiliter punctulatis, interstitio 3io trifoveato, antennis basi
pedibusque piceo-testaceis. Long. 28.

Agonum ezcavatum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 1@9.

Middle and Western States ; not rare on the banks of streams.

36. P. fe r r e u s, nigro-aeneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine fere longiore con-
vexo, postice paulo angustato, basi punctulato utrinque profunde impresso, an-
gulis posticis obtusis, subrotundatis, elytris convexiusculis, tripunctatis, striis
profundis usque ad medium valde punctatis, versus apicem minus impressis an-
tennarum basi tibiis tarsisque piceo-testaceis. Long. 3.

Agonum. ferreum Hald. Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 299. Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 228.
Agonum ocreatum Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 299. (Sp^c. immat.)
Middle and Western States ; not common. The striae of the elytra are quite
faint towards the tip, which is obliquely subsinuate.

37. P. e r r a n s, obscure cyaneo-aeneiis, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo bre-
viore, paulo convexo, postice maijis angustato, basi vix punctulato, utrinque
profunde impresso, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, elytris thorace duplo
latioribus paulo convexis, tripunctatis, striis angustis impunctatis, antennis fuscis,
articulis 3 pedibusque rufis. Long. *29.

Feronia errans Say, Journ Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 147.

Agonum errans Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 423.

One specimen found on Platte River, Nebraska. Very similar to the next,
but the thorax is longer and more distinctly narrowed posteriorly; the stria? of
the elytra are absolutely without punctures, and the base of the antennae is
much paler.

38. P. sub c o r d a t u s, cupreo-aeneus (raro viridi-aeneus) nitidus, thorace

52 [April,

minus convexo, latitudine breviore, postice subangustato, basi punctulato,
utrinque latius profunde impresso, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, elytris
thorace fere duplo latioribus minus convexis, tripunctatis striis angustis versus
basin subtiliter punctulatis, antennis nigro-piceis, articulo lrao pedibusque piceo-
rufis. Long. *3 34.

Lee Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

?Agouum erythropum\\ Kirby, Fauna Eor. Am. 28.

Sandy Lake, Upper Mississippi ; the green variety was found in Nebraska,
near the Rocky Mountains. By the change of genus Kirby's name becomes a
homonym of P. erythropus Dej. above described. As Mr. Kirby does not
mention the punctures of the base of the thorax, nor of the striae of the elytra, I
am not certain that his species is the same as the one described ; should it prove
to be different from mine, the name P. Ki rb y i must be applied to it.

39. P. b a sa 1 i s, asneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine non breviore ovali con-
vexiusculo, postice subanguscato, angulis posticis rotundatis, impressionibus
basalibus profundis parce punctulatis, tuberculo obsoleto instructis, elytris tho-
race duplo latioribus oblongis, minus convexis, striis modice profundis, inter-
stitiis paulo convexis, 3io subtiliter tripunctato, antennis piceis, articulo lmo
pedibusque rufis. Long. *3.

Agonum basale Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 227.

One specimen found in Nebraska, near the mountains. From its color and
form this species, at first sight, resembles a small specimen of P. extensicollis,
but on comparison it is found completely different. The basal impressions of the
thorax are not prolonged anteriorly, and the margin is not wider at the rounded
posterior angles. The third interstice of the elytra has only three very small
punctures, of which the second and third are placed on the second stria.

40. P. v a g ans, virescente-aeneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine non breviore,
ovali, postice subangustato, margine postice paulo latiore, angulis posticis ro-
tundatis, impressionibus basalibus profundis, parce punctulatis, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus, oblongo-ovalibus, parum convexis, striis sat profundis obsolete
punctulatis, interstitiis vix convexis, 3io subtiliter tripunctato, antennis piceis,
articulo lmo pedibusque rufis, genubus, tarsisque paulo infuscatis. Long. 29.

One specimen, New York. Resembles in form P. nutans, but the elytra have
only three small punctures (the second near the second stria on one elytron, and
near the third on the other ;) the striae are deeper and very finely punctulate ;
from P. subcordatus, it differs by the longer thorax.

F.

Winged species of a slender form, usually black, sometimes, hower, piceous,
and in one instance of a metallic green color ; the base of the antennae and the feet
are yellow ; the thorax is oval, with the margin narrowly reflexed becoming
broader towards the posterior angles, which are rounded and indistinct; the
basal impressions are narrow, sometimes deep and smooth, sometimes nearly
obsolete. The elytra are elongate oval, twice as wide as the thorax, moderately
convex, emarginate at the base and obliquely subtruncate at tip; the striae are
fine, the interstices flat, the third marked with five or six punctures.

41. P. nutans, capite thoraceque viridiaeneis,hoc ovali, latitudine longiore,
margine angusto reflexo postice latiore, angulis posticis. nullis, impressionibus
basalibus profundis laevibus, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, elongatis, aeneis
nitidis, 5-punctatis, striis tenuibus impunctatis, antennis nigris articulo lmo
pedibusque piceo-rufis, femoribus apice infuscatis. Long. ; 27 35.

Feronia nutans Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 52.

Agonum nutans Say; ibid. 4, 423, (syn. excl.); Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 227.

A so num femoral um Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 146.

Middle and Western States ; also in Nebraska. Say, in the fourth volume above
cited, makes the unaccountable error of referring Agonum striatopunctatum Dej.
to this speciest

1854.] 53

42. P. crenulatus, nigro-aeneus, minus convexus, thorace subrotundato,
latitudine paulo breviore, margine reflexo postice paulo latiore, angulis posticis
nullis, basi utrinqu'e profundius impresso, et parce punctulato, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus oblongis, 5 vel 6-punctatis, striis tenuibus antice punctulatis,
intersf itiis planis, antennarum basi pedibusque piceo-testaceis, vel testaceis.
Long. -31.

Georgia, rare ; Louisiana, Dr. Schaum. This species establishes, by its form
and characters, a passage from this group towards P. excavatus among those
having three elytral punctures. The elytra are broader and more square in their
outline than in any other species of this group, to which, nevertheless, it seems
most closely related ; in one specimen three joints of the antenna? are pale, in
the other only the first one is dark testaceous.

43. P. striatopunctatus, aeneo-niger, elongatus nitidus, thorace ovali
latitudine longiore, margine reflexo postice latiore, angulis posticis nullis, basi
utrinque profunde impresso, et obsolete punctulato, elytris thorace duplo latiori-
bus, elonjjato ovalibus, striis punctulatis satprofundis, interstitiis paulo convexis,
antennarum articulo lmo pedibusque testaceis. Long. -24 *3.

Agonum striatopunctatum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 167.
Agonum decipiens Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 229.

Georgia. Has very much the form of P. nutans, but is smaller and darker
colored ; the strice of the elytra are deeper and distinctly but finely punctured.

44 P. re tract us, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato-ovali, latitudine non
breviore, postice modice angustato, angulis posticis valde rotundatis, margine
tenui postice latiore subreflexo, basi utrinque longitudinaliter sat profunde im-
preasa, elytris ovalibus, picescentibus thorace plus sesqui latioribus, striis mo-
dice profundis, interstitiis subconvexis, 3io punctis 4 vel 5-impresso, pedibus
rufis, antennis piceis basi rufo-testaceis. Long. *27 3.

Lee Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Agonum retractum Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 228.

? Agonum lenum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 166.

Lake Superior, Massachusetts and New York. The first specimen described
by me was defective in having very small elytral punctures, whereby I was led
into the error of describing the elytra as having only three punctures on the
third interstice. The thorax is larger and wider in proportion than the last spe-
cies, but the elytra are wider and less elliptical than in the remaining species of
this group, and the stria? are deeper. I am somewhat doubtful about referring
Dejean's description to this species, since not only the first joint of the antennae,
but very frequently three or four joints are paler than the outer joints, and the
striae of the elytra, in comparison with the following species, could hardly be
called fine. As, however, Dejean implies that the sides of the thorax are some-
what reflexed posteriorly, I must acknowledge that my reference of his species
to what is described below as P. picipennis, must be considered faulty.

45. P. ruficornis, piceo-niger nitidus, elongatus, thorace latitudine paulo
longiore, ovali, postice paulo angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, margine
tenuiter reflexo postice paulo latiore, impressionibus basalibus latis minus pro-
fundis, elytris elongato-ellipticis, thorace vix sesqui latioribus, piceis striis tenu-
ibus, interstitiis planissimis, 3io punctatis 5 7 impresso, pedibus rufis, antennis
piceis extrorsum pallide rufis. Long. *31.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

? Agonum picipenne var. C and D. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 25.

Lake Superior. Larger than the preceding and following species, and besides
the difference in the thorax, readily distinguished by the antennae being much
paler from the fourth joint outwards. I have cited Kirby, because he says that
the varieties mentioned have the second, third and fourth joints of the antennae
piceous, and the rest ferruginous; in my specimens the first joint is rufous in
one, and piceous in the others.

46. P. p i c i p e n n i s, niger nitidus, elongatus, thorace ovali, latitudine Ion-

54 [April,

giore, tenuiter rnarginato, angiitis posticis rotundatis, itnpressionibus basalibus
angustis parum profundis, elytris thorace latioribus, elongato-ellipticis, piceis,
striis tenuibus, interstitiis plants 3io punctis 4 6 impresso, epipleuris pedibusque
pieeo-testaeeis, antennis nigro-piceis, articulo lmo rufescente. Long. -25 27.

Agonum picipenne Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 25.

Agonum lenum% Lee Ann. Lye 229.

Platynas lenis\ Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior 205.

Middle States, Nebraska and Lake Superior. The elytra are sometimes nearly
black, and sometimes nearly testaceous ; the lateral margin of the thorax is not
dilated posteriorly. In the paler specimens the antennae are piceous, with the
first three or four joints testaceous.

47. P. lutulentus, piceo-testaceus, nitidus elongatus, capite nigro, thorace
ovali, latitudine longiore, tenuissime rnarginato, angulis posticis rotundatis, itn-
pressionibus basalibus parvis minus impressis, elytris thorace latioribus, elongato-
ellipticis, striis tenuibus interstitiis planis, 3io punctis 4 maiusculis impresso,
antennis piceis, articulo lmo rufo. Long. -26.

Maine and Lake Superior. Apart from the difference in color, this species
differs from the preceding in having the thorax still more finely margined, with
the basal impressions smaller and less marked ; the striae of the elytra are finer,
and the punctures appear to be larger and never more than four in number. I
formerly distributed this species as Agonum sordens Kirby, (Fauna Bor. Am.
25,) but on reviewing the subject; I find that it does not correspond with his
description. The color beneath is about the same as above, and varies from pale
piceous to deep piceous.

48. P. n i g r i c e p s, pallide testaceus, nitidus, elongatus, capite nijjro, tho-
race elongato, subquadrato, latitudine longiore, lateribus paulo rotundatis, basi
angulisque posticis rotundatis, tenuissime rnarginato, impressionibus basalibus
parvis, minus impressis, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus elongato-ellipticis, striis
tenuibus, interstitiis planis 3io punctis 4 subtilibus impresso, sutura thoracisque
disco longitudinaliter infuscatis, antennis piceis, basi testaceis. Long. 25.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Agonum nigriceps Lee, Ann. Lye 4, 229.

One specimen, Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior. The appearance is very much
like that of Demetrias atricapillus of Europe ; the elytra are somewhat more dis-
tinctly sinuate at the apex than in the other species of this group, and are, in-
deed, almost obliquely truncate ; the sutural striae is deeper than the others.

G.

A group containing but one winged species of a metallic green color, and mo-
derately stout figure ; the thorax is rounded, slightly truncate at base, very finely
margined, with the basal impressions small and deep; the elytra are subellip-
tical, emarginate at base, slightly sinuate at tip, finely striate, with several
large quadrate foveae on the third interval.

49. P. octopunctatus, supra aeneo-viridis, vix nitidus, thorace rotundato,
tenuiter rnarginato, basi snbtruncata, utrinque fovea profunda impressa, elytris
thorace sesqui latioribus ellipticis, tenuiter striatis, foveis quatuor quadratis ob-
scuris profundis utrinque impressis, antennarum' basi pedibusque piceo-rufis,
femoribus aeneo-micantibus. Long. -3.

Carabus octopunctatus Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 55. Syst. El. 1, 186.

Feronia octopunctata Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 51.

Agonum octopu?ictatum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 136.

Middle and Western States. The elytra are frequently tinged with coppery
from the suture as far as the fourth stria, and have occasionally five foveae. The
under surface is shining blackish green.

1854.] 55

H h.

A group containing two winged species, in which the thorax is rounded and
moderately large, finely margined, with the margin extending along the sides of
the base and very slightly thickened, but hardly reflexed. The elytra are not
much wider than the thorax, emarginate at base, hardly sinuate at the apex, and
have four and five punctures on the third interval. The antenna? and feet are
entirely black ; the upper surface is coppery.

50. P.protractus, elongatus supra acneus, nitidus, thorace rotundato,
tenuiter marginato, basi truncata utrinque latius foveata et obsolete punctulata,
angulis posticis valde rotundatis, elytris thorace paulo latioribus, 4-punctatis,
interstitiis planis ; subtus cum antennis pedibusque aeneo-niger. Long. *33.

Lake Superior, and Sandy Lake, Minnesota. The difference between this and
the next species is not well defined ; nevertheless, several specimens agree in
havins the thorax not wider than long, with the posterior angles more definite,
although much rounded ; the general form of the body is narrower. These dif-
ferences are not sexual, as of each form are found both males and females.

51. P. c h a 1 c e u s, capite thoraceque supra aeneis nitidis, hoc rotundato,
tenuiter marginato, latitudine breviore, basi truncata, utrinque latius foveata et
obsolete punctulata, angulis posticis obsoletis, elytris thorace fere sesqui lati-
oribus, cuprascentibus, 4 vel 5-punctatis, interstitiis planis, subtus cum antennis
pedibusque aeneo-niger. Long. -33 *35.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Agonum chalceum Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 224.

Sault Ste Marie, Michigan, not rare 5 a specimen also occurred in Nebraska.
Can Agonum enpreum Dej. (Sp. Gen. 5, 736,) be a variety of this or the pre-
ceding species, having but three elytral punctures?

H-i.

Winged species of moderately stout figure and variable color. The thorax is
broad and rounded, with the posterior angles obsolete ; the margin is fine and
slightly reflexed, the basal impressions are largp, rounded and shallow. The
elytra are deeply emarsjinate at base, very slightly sinuate at the apex ; the strias
are fine, and the intervals flat; the third interval has from 5 to 8 punctures.

52. P. pi acid us, cyaneo-niger, subnitidus, thorace rotundato, latitudine
paulo breviore, margine fortius reflexo picescente postice paulo latiore, basi
utrinque late sat profunde foveata, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, tenuiter
striatis, 5 7-punctatis, antennarum articulo lmo tibiis tarsisque piceo-testaceis.
Long. -337.

Feronia placida Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 43.

Agonum morosnm Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 145.

Lake Superior, Maine, Illinois, New York, Georgia, Santa Fe. Readily recog-
nized by its greenish or bluish black color; the elytral punctures are usually six
in number, of which the two posterior are situated in the second stria, the others
on the third. Varieties occur having the legs of a uniform dull reddish color.

53. P. maculicollis, rufo-testaceus, subnitidus, capite obscuriore, thorace
rotundato, latitudine breviore, margine tenui paulo reflexo, basi utrinque late
vix distincte impressa obsolete punctulata, macula discoidali magna obscura
ornato, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, tenuiter striatis, 5 6-punctatis, nigris
margine lata ad humeros dilatata antennis pedibusque testaceis, abdomine nigro-
piceo ano testaceo. Long. 40 48.

Agonum maculicolle Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 175.

Anchomenus maculicollis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 199.

California, in every part west of the Sierra; the elytra are distantly and very
obsoletely punctulate ; of the punctures the two anterior are placed in the third,
the others in or near the second stria. The thorax is sometimes entirely testa-
ceous. By a strange error Count Mannerheim has added the word Ct apterus " to
the diagnosis, which he has otherwise copied almost literally from Dejean; the

56 [April

insect is always winged, and at San Diego, in June, occurred in such numbers,
flying in the twilight, as to be very troublesome.

54. P. variolatus, aeneo-niger, thorace latitudine breviore, rotundato, mar-
gine tenui reflexo, basi utrinque late minus profunde foveata, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus, tenuiter striatis, punctis 5 7 maiusculis impressis, aeneo-pieeis,
margine late pedibusque flavo-testaceis, antennis nigro-piceis, articulo lmo rufo.
Long. -25.

Lee. Ann. Lye. 5, 178.

San Francisco, California; under bark of dead trees. The four anterior of the
elytral punctures are placed on the third, the posterior three, or two (as the case
may be) are adjacent to the second stria. In one specimen there are only three
punctures on the third stria, the other four being on the second. The basal im-
pressions do not combine with the concavity near the margin (as in P. placidus)
but remain distinct.

Mr. Motschulsky (Bull. Mosc. 1845, pars 1, 21,) has mentioned a species
under the name Agonum limlatttm, which may be identical with our insect. He
merely states, " in size and form it resembles closely A. p e 1 i d n u m, but is
readily distinguished by the whitish margin of the elytra." The specific name
is, however, preoccupied by Say.

H k.

A group containing species of a robust form, but flattened body ; the color is
more or less metallic ; the legs and antennae dark colored or black ; the thorax
has the posterior angles somewhat distinct, but not prominent; the margin is
very narrow, but not reflexed; the basal impressions are shallow and prolonged
anteriorly. The elytra are scarcely one half wider than the thorax, emarginate
at base, very slightly sinuate at the tip ; the striae are well marked, but fine ; the
third interval has from five to seven punctures.

55. P. deplanatus, aeneus, virescens, modice elongatus, thorace rotundato-
quadrato, tenuiter marginato, latitudine breviore, postice parum angustato, basi
truncato, utrinque sat profunde impresso, angulis posticis obtusis, haud rotun-
datis, elytris fere depressis, thorace vix sesqui latioribus, oblongis, tenuiter
striatis, 6-punctatis, antennarum articulo lmo pedibusque piceo-aeneis. Long.
3845.

Agonum deplanatum Menetries, Bull. Petrop. 2, 58. (1844.)
Abundant at San Jose. The original description mentions that the striae of
the elytra are finely punctulate ; this character may be observed in some speci-
mens, but is usually not apparent. The basal impressions of the thorax are
sometimes very obsoletely punctulate ; the punctures of the third interval of
the elytra are not adjacent to either stria.

56. P. f o s s i g e r, niger, vel aeneo-niger, thorace rotundato-quadrato, tenuiter
marginato, postice subangustato, basi late rotundata, utrinque longius impressa,
angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, elytris paulo convexis, (feminse opacius-
culis) thorace vix sesqui latioribus, oblongis, striis fere impunctatis, interstitiis
parum convexis, 3io punctis 5 7 maiusculis impressis. Long. '3538.

Agonum fossiger Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 160.

Anchomenus fossiger Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 199.

California, at San Francisco, San Jose, San Diego, and the Colorado River.
Varies not only in color, but even in form ; the thorax is usually distinctly wider
than long, and considerably rounded on the sides ; the basal impressions are
broad and obsoletely prolonged anteriorly to the middle, and occasionally slightly
punctulate.

a. This is a single specimen from San Francisco, in which the thorax is not
wider than long, almost square, and less rounded on the sides than in the other
specimens, but with the posterior angles less distinct and more rounded. The
general form of the body is narrower, but as I have not found the characters
sufficiently distinct, it would be imprudent for the present to separate it under
another name.

1854.] 57

I.

r A group of small black winged species, having the thorax transverse, rounded
at the sides and base, with the posterior angles very obtuse, but usually distinct ;
the margin is narrowly reflexed, especially towards the posterior angles; the
basal impressions are not obvious, being lost in the concavity between the mar-
gin and the disc ; the elytra are oblong, and flattened ; they are deeply emarginate
at base ; when the elytra have three small punctures, they are almost truncate
at tip, and are slightly sinuate: when I he elytra are deeply foveate, the sutural
portion is more prolonged, so that the truncation becomes oblique. The striae
are veiy fine and badly defined; the legs and antennae are black; the latter area
little stouter than usual, though hardly perceptibly so.

57. P. c o n s i m i 1 i s, niger, nitidus, thorace subquadrato transverso, basi et
lateribus latins rotundato, angulis posticis distinctis, margine tenui reflexo pos-
tice paulo latiore, elytris oblongis, basi valde emarginatis, thorace duplo latiori-
bus, tenuiter striatis, subtiliter tripunctatis. Lon^. *32.

One specimen ; Michipicoton, Lake Superior. Differs from P. obsoletus by its
larger size, less rounded base of thorax, and much more distinct posterior angles.
The four anterior trochanters are red. As in the next two species, the apex of
the elytra is almost truncate, and as in them the second puncture is in the second
stria.

58. P. obsoletus, niger, nitidus, thorace transverso, postice subangustato
basi valde rotundato, angulis posticis obtussissitnus, margine tenui reflexo pos-
tice paulo latiore, elytris oblongis, basi valde emarginatis, thorace duplo latiori-
bus, tenuiter striatis, subtiliter tripunctatis. Long. *24 -28.

Feronia obsoleta Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 57.

Agonum luctuosum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 172.

Agonum obsoletum Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 423.

c F/ronia placida Say,'i Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 227 ; Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

New York and Lake Superior. The error by which I referred this species to'
Feronia placida Say, is entirely unaccountable. This common species frequently
has the anterior and middle trochanters of a deep red color. I have received a
typical specimen named by Say, through the kindness of Dr. Harris.

59. P. strigicollis, niger, nitidus, thorace transverso, postice vix an-
gustato, basi rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis, margine tenui reflexo postice
paulo latiore, impressionibus basalibus longiusculis minus distinctis subtiliter
rugosis, elytris fere duplo latioribus oblongo-quadratis, subtiliter striatis, tri-
punctatis. Long. -3.

Anchomenus strigicollis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 294.

Oregon, at Prairie Paso, and Fort Vancouver, Dr. J. G. Cooper ; northern
part of the west coast of America, according to Count Mannerheim. This spe-
cies is very closely related to the preceding, but the thorax is wider posteriorly,
thus becoming more quadrate, the posterior angles are more distinct, and there-
flexed margin is a little wider. The elytra are comparatively much shorter,
being not more than one half longer than wide, while in P. obsoletus they are
fully twice as long as wide; the basal impressions of th thorax, though long,
are very indistinct; in the preceding they cannot be traced.

60. P. bembidioides, aeneo-niger, opacus, thorace transverso subquad-
rato, basi rotundata, postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtusis at distinctis,
elytris oblongis, maculis sericeis confluenlibus variegatis, tenuiter striatis, foveis
quatuor magnis utrinque impressis. Long. -26.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Supetior, 206.

Sericoda bembidioides Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 15, pi. 1, fig. 2.

Agonum bembidioides Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 227.

One specimen, Lake Superior. Closely resembles the next species, but is
sufficiently distinct by its larger size, and the irregularly mottled appearance of
the elytra.

Kirby's genus Sericoda was formed on an erroneous examination of the palpi

58 [April,

of a distorted or mutilated specimen. Chaudoir (Bull. Mosc. 1844, p. 70) has
established a genus Rhytiderus, upon Dromius 10-punctatus, from South Ame-
rica, but which, as observed by Erichson, (Bericht fiber Kntom. 1844,) be-
longs to Kirby's Sericoda. The relation between the genus Sericoda, and a very
common insect of northern Europe, does not, however, appear to have been
suspected by any of the authors,

61. P. stigmosus, aeneo-niger, subnitidus, thorace transverso subquadrato,
basi rotundata, postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtusis at distinctis, elytris
oblongis, tenuiter striatis, utrinque foveis magnis quatuor impressis. Long. '21.

Flatynus quadripunctatu$\ Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 206.

Very abundant at Lake Superior, and found also in Maine and New Hamp-
shire. Dr. Schaum tells me that he considers this as the same as the European
P. quadripunctatus, and in my catalogue of Lake Superior Coleoptera, I gave it
as such on his authority. On comparing, however, a large number of specimens
with one found in Sweden, the posterior angles of the thorax, although very ob-
tuse, appear to be always well defined, while in the European specimen the
angles and the base are rounded together, so that the apex of the angle cannot
be defined.

Many of the specimens have two slightly impressed foveae before the middle
of the thorax, but some are found without such impressions.

Olisthopus Dej.

1. 0. parmatus, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato, transverso, margine
tenui testaceo, basi utrinque minus profunde impressa, elytris thorace latioribus
breviter ovalibus, basi emarginatis, subtiliter tripunctatis, sat profunde striatis,
piceo-testaceis, disco plus minus infuscato, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis,
ill is extrorsum fuscis. Long. -28.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 181.

Feronia parmata Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 49.

Olisthopus ductus Say, Trans. Am. Phil Soc 4, 424.

Pennsylvania, Indiana, Georgia. A type of 0. cinctus, given me by Dr. Mel-
sheimer, does not differ in any essential point from the other specimens. I have
never seen any in which the lateral bead of the thorax was not testaceous, and
am inclined to believe that Mr. Say had not a specimen of his Feroui a parmata
before him when he described 0. cinctus. The basal impressions of the thorax
are sometimes obsoletely punctulate, in other specimens they are quite smooth ;
the elytra are sometimes nearly uniform brownish yellow, sometimes piceous,
with the shoulders and sides indistinctly brown.

2. 0. micans, nigro-piceus, nitidus, cyaneo-micans, thorace rotundato,
transverso, marline tenui testaceo postice subreflexo, basi utrinque vix late
foveata, elytris ovalibus. basi emarginatis, tripunctatis, tenuiter striatis, mar-
gine tenui testaceo, antennis palpis pedibusque flavis, ill is extrorsum fuscis.
Long. 18.

Leeonte, Ann. Lye. New York 4, 230.

Georgia and Louisiana. Readily distinguished by its small size; the striae of
the elytra are finer than in 0. parmatus, and the intervals perfectly fat ; the
margin of the thorax is a little reflexed and broader towards the base.

Species Unknown to me.
From California.

Calathus B e h r e n s i i Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 195.

Scaphiodactylus micans Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1844,479. Anchomenus micans
Menetries, Bull. Petrop. 2, 58.

Tanystola striata Motsch. Kafer Russl. (Carab.) 69. Anchomenus striatus
Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 132. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 198.

Tanystola s u 1 c a ta Motsch. Kafer Russl. (Carab.) 70. Anchom. sulcatus
Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 131. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1813. 198.

1854.] 59

Anchomenus ovipennis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 196. A. rotundipennis
Motsch. Bull. Mosc. 1845, part 2, 340.

Anchomenus rugiceps Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 196. A. ovipennis Motsch.

1. cit. 2, 339.

Anchomenus m a u r u s Motsch. Bull. Mosc. 1845, 2, 339.

Anchomenus brunneo-marginatus Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 196.

Anchomenus ferruginosus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 128. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
1843, 197.

Agonum brevicolle Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 159. Anchom. brevicollis Mann. Bull.
Mosc. 1843, 199.

Agonum f a m e 1 i c u m Menetries, Bull. Petrop. 2, 58.

From Russian. America.
Agonum mol 1 e FJsch. Mem. Soc. Imp. Mosc. 6, 102. Fischer, Ent. Ross.

2, 125, tab. 19, fig. 2. Anehom. mollis Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 129. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
1843, 198.

Agonothorax planipennis Motsch. Kafer Russl. (Carab.) 68.

From Atlantic America.

Anchomenus elongatulus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 112.

Agonum n i t i du 1 u m Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 143.

Agonum c u p r e u m Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 735.

Agonum a 1 b i c r u s Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 158.

Agonum sordens Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 25.

Agonum seminitidum Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 26.

Agonum simile Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 27.

Agonum af f i n e Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 27.

Feronia maculifrons Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 116, (vide Platynus
cincticollis, sup. p. 43.)

Feronia scutellaris Say, (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 146) is a diseased specimen
of one of our black species, allied to P. melanarius.

Anchomenus pubescens Dej. (Sp. Gen. 3, 122) of which Anch. obconicus
Eald. (Proc Acad. 1, 299) is a synonym, does not belong to this group, but
forms a genus A t r a n u s Lee. (Ann. Lye. 4, 438,) allied to Chlaenius.

The European Platynus angust icollis Dej . is mentioned by Kirby (Fauna
Bor. Am. 23) as being found on this continent in lat. 54 and 65; his descrip-
tion seems to apply to one of the species of division (B a,) and probably to
P. marginatus ; a comparison of specimens is, however, desirable in order to es-
tablish the synonymy.

Descriptions of nexv genera and species of North American Frogs.

By Spencer F. Baird.

HYLAD.E.

Teeth in upper jaw. Abdomen granulated. Two outer metatarsals, firmly
united throughout by muscle and ligament.

1. Acris crepitans, Baird. Brownish above. The median region of head and
body above bright green : a dark triangle between the eyes. Three oblique
blotches on the sides, nearly equidistant; the first behind the eye, the last on
the Hanks and running up on the back; all usually margined with lighter. A
narrow white line from the eye to the arm. Beneath yellowish white. Inferior
face of thigh plain. Tibia a little more than half the length of the body; foot
rather smaller. Head rather obtuse, scarcely longer than broad. Web of hind
foot extending to the penultimate articulation of the 4th toe.

Syn. Hylodes gryllus, De Kay, N. Y. Zool. III. (1842.) 70, PI. xxii. f. 61.
Ilab. Northern States generally.

2. Acris acheta, Baird. Slender. Tibia two-thirds the length of body. Color
above dark brown ; blotched much as in Acris gryllus. Beneath white, closely

60 [April,

mottled with brown on the body and on the inferior and inner faces of the limbs ;
where are also visible minute white dots. Lower surface of body appears quite
black. A narrow white line from eye to arm.
Hab. Key West, Florida.

Genus Chorophilus, Eaird.

Smooth above, granulated beneath. Extremities of limbs simple, not dilated
at tip. Hands free; feet with a slight basal web, which is entirely wanting be-
tween the two outer toes. Tongue orbicular ; emarginate behind. Teeth pos-
terior to the inner nares. Tympanum distinct. Transverse apophyses of sacral
vertebrae dilated into triangular pallets.

Distinguished from Acris by expansion of apophyses; from Litoria by the
emarginate tongue, less membrane of toes, and more posterior palatine teeth ;
from Hylodes in having a membrane at base of toes, &c.

Type, Chorophilus nigritus, Baird, (Cystignathus nigritus, Holb.)

Genus Heloccetes, Baird.

Granulated almost everywhere above and below. Tongue nearly entire. Vo-
merine teeth between the nares. Tympanum distinct. Fingers and toes slightly
dilated or knobbed. Fingers free ; toes webbed to bases of phalanges ; a slight
membrane at base of outer toes. Transverse apophyses of sacral vertebras ex-
panded at ends.

Differs from Hylodes and Acris in membrane of toes, and dilatation of sacral
apophyses ; from Hyla in slight web and disks ; from Chorophilus in more an-
terior position of vomerine teeth, &c.

3. Heloccetes feriarum, Baird. Body stout, squat. Head broad. Femur and
tibia and hind foot about equal, and half the length of the body. Above dark or
fawn, with three nearly parallel stripes down the back, the central widening,
but scarcely bifurcate behind, and commencing behind a triangular spot between
the eyes. A similar dark vitta on sides of head and body, with a white line
along edge of the jaw. Body about one inch long.

Hab. Carlisle, Penna.

4. Heloccetes triseriatus. Baird. Body rather slender ; head narrow. Femur
less than tibia, which is about two-thirds length of body, and shorter than hind
foot. Light bluish ash above, with a "Hark dorsal stripe commencing at the snout,
and not interrupted between the eyes; bifurcating about the middle of the
trunk ; a stripe on each side of this, and another on sides of head and body,
making five distinct stripes anteriorly; lateral stripe with white line below.
Body about an inch in length.

Syn. Hyla triseriata, Max. Prinz von Wied. Reise 1, (1839,) 249.
Hab. Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin and the upper Missouri.

5. Heloccetes clar/cii, Baird. Snout acute, projecting. Extremities somewhat
dilated. Tibia half the distance between eye and anus. Foot but little longer,
not nearly half the length of body. Above grayish brown or ash, with distinct
large circular blotches. A dark band from snout through eye and tympanum
down the sides, and a whitish line on the side of jaw. Size about one inch long.

Hab. Galveston and Indianola, Texas.

6. Hyla richardii, Baird. Above uniform grass green ; smooth; beneath
white. Tibia considerably less than half the length of body. Hind foot less
than arm from elbow. Less than one inch in length.

Hab. Cambridge, Mass.

7. Hyla andersonii, Baird. Skin smooth but wrinkled ; arm from elbow
longer than hind foot. Above dull olive brown, as are all the exposed surfaces
of the limbs when the animal is couchant ; all the concealed surfaces, especially
those in contact with each other, are thickly sprinkled with circular, yellowish
white spots on a pale brown ground, seen also on the armpits and sides of body
behind. A post-ocular dark vitta extended down the sides (where its lower

1854.] 61

edge is indistinct) and sending a dark branch across the arm to the chin. No
bars on the limbs. Body about two inches in length.
Hab. Anderson, South Carolina.

8. Ihjla exlmia, Baird. Smooth above. Tibiajnot half the total length of
body. Hind foot not longer than arm from elbow. Bluish above, with two dark
longitudinal stripes; beneath white. A dark band from the eye along the sides,
margined above and below by a white line, the latter reaching only to the arm,
behind which the outline of the dark band is indistinct. Legs not banded. Body
about an ineh long.

Hab. City of Mexico.

9. Hyla vanvlietii, Baird. Nearly smooth above. Tympanum nearly as large
as the eye. Tibia half as long as the body, longer than arm from elbow, which
in turn exceeds the foot. Ash gray or olive, with an irregular cruciform dorsal
blotch. A black spot on the side above the foreleg. A white spot under the
eye. Thigh and leg with three transverse bands each. Their inner surfaces
(when flexed) scarcely reticulated, but spotted with white upon a darker ground.
Inside of tibia uncolored. Body two inches long.

Hab. Brownsville, Texas.

10. Hyla affinis, Baird. Body rough. Tympanum two-thirds the size of eye.
Tibia not quite half the length of the body, but reaching more than halfway
from anus to centre of eyes. Color ash gray or green, with numerous rounded
dorsal blotches. Three transverse bands on each thigh and leg. No vermicu-
lation on anterior and posterior faces of hind legs, nor on lower part of sides.
A light spot under the eye. Web of hand extending only to the third joint of
the second finder. Arm from elbow less than tibia, but longer than hind foot.
About li inches long.

Hab. Northern Sonora.

RANIDiE.

Teeth in upper jaw. Abdomen smooth. Two outer metatarsals free for most
of length, or united only by membranes.

11. Rana montezumce, Baird. Head as wide as long. Body generally smooth,
except pustulation on the sides and sometimes above. No fold of skin, either on
the sides or around the tympanum. Tympanum about size of eye; but little
variation with sexes. Large vocal vesicles on each side behind jaws. Tongue
broad, cornua short. Palatine ^protuberances close together. Toes not webbed
beyond middle of last phalanges on the external sides. Color purplish olive
above, grayish below, with crowded spots or vermiculations of whitish all over
the body. In young specimens, rounded, areolated, dark blotches on the back and
foreleg. Size, that of Rana pipiens of Holbrook.

Hab. City of Mexico.

12. Rana septentrionalis> Baird. Body stout, depressed. Skin not tuberculated,
but uneven. A broad depressed ridge on each side of back; none intermediate ;
a branch of same round the tympanum, meeting a thickening from the jaw. Hand
much longer than forearm. Femur and tibia nearly equal, about half the length
of the body, and less than the hind foot. Foot large ; terminal joint of middle
toe free ; that of the others free only on the inner side. Above light greenish
olive, vermiculated with lighter, and with a few large dark blotches posteriorly.
Beneath yellow, unblotched. No line on sides of the jaw. Two inches long.

Hab. Northern Minnesota.

13. Rana sinuata, Baird. Body rather stout; tympanum three-fourths the
size of eye. Palatine teeth small, ranging with the centres of inner nares. Skin
pitted all over with minute pores, with scattered glandules beneath; an indistinct
fold of skin on each side of back, none intermediate ; granulation of buttocks in-
distinct. Femur not half the length of body, rather longer than tibia ; hind foot
considerably longer than the tibia. Above and on sides purplish brown, with

62 [April,

sinuations or coarse vermiculations of yellow. Beneath silvery white. Legs
transversely barred. Two and a half inches long.
Hab. Sacketts Haibor, N. Y.

14. Rana pretiosa, B. and G. Female. Body thick and stout ; head short,
broader than long. Tympanum not two-thirds the length of the eye. Tongue
large. Palatine teeth minute, posterior to the inner nares. Skin leathery, co-
vered with asperities, except on inner surfaces, even on the sole of the foot. A
depressed ridge of skin on each side, none intermediate ; a glandular ridge along
the upper jaw. Femur not half the length of the body ; tibia about equal to it,
but shorter than the hind foot. Terminal joint of longest toe free, next margined,
and web generally extending between the tips of the toes on one side, and the
last articulation on the other. Shortest toe rather more than one-third the length
of the hind foot, both measured from the tarsus. Above yellowish brown, with
rounded dark blotches. Sides dusky; dorsal ridge lighter; a light line along the
posterior ridge of the upper jaw. Faint indications of a dark area about the
tympanum ; a few spots about the nostrils. Beneath yellowish white, obsoletely
marmorated with brown. About two and a half inches long.

Syn. Rana pretiosa B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc Phila., vi. 378.
Hab, Washington Territory.

15. Rana cantabrigensis, Baird. Above yellowish brown. A dark vitta
through the eye, margined below by whitish. Lateral fold of skin light colored,
as is also a median dorsal line extending from the snout to the anus. A narrow
light line along the posterior faces of the thigh and leg. Tibia half the length
of body. General appearance and size of R. sylvatica.

Hab. Cambridge, Mass. (Collection of Prof. Agassiz.)

16. Rana boylii, Baird. Abroad depressed ridge of skin on each side of back.
Skin finely tubercular above. Head broader than long. Tympanum scarcely
evident, pustulated. Tibia more than half the length of body; hind foot less
than half this length; webbed entirely to the horny tips; outer toe decidedly
longer than the third, An elongated tubercle at base of inner toe, with another
opposite to it. Above dull reddish olivaceous, with indistinct blotches on the
back, and fascia on the legs. Beneath yellowish, mottled anteriorly. Two inches
long.

Hab. California (interior.)

17. Scaphiopus couchii, Baird. Outer toe but little shorter than the third.
Hand nearly as long as forearm. Above grayish ash, with dark markings. A
dark line down the back from each orbit, in connection with other markings,
causing a slight similarity of pattern to Hyla versicolor. Beneath white. An
inch long.

Hab. Coahuila and Tamaulipas.

On Fossil Coniferous Wood, from Prince Edward Island.

By J. W. Dawson.

Under the impression that any facts relating to the formation which lias af-
forded the interesting reptilian fragment recently described by Dr. Leidy in the
Journal of this Academy, will prove interesting, 1 beg leave to communicate
the following results of microscopic examinations of the coniferous wood referred
to in my note appended to Dr. Leidy's paper.

I may premise that Prince Edward Island, which extends in an east and west
direction about 130 miles, with an extreme breadth of about 35 miles, consists
almost entirely of bright red sandstones, similar to the matrix of Dr. Leidy's
fossil, with occasional bands of red clay, conglomerate and arenaceous and con-
cretionary limestone. Over a large part of the island, these beds dip at very
small angles to the northward. There are, however, some tracts in which the
beds undulate to the southward and south-east. These red rocks, in their mine-
ral character, much resemble the new red sandstone of Cornwallis and other

1854.]

6

r>

places in Nova Scotia, and Dr. Gesner, in his Report on the Geology of Prince
Edward Island,* notices the occurrence of trap dykes at two localities on the
northern coast, a circumstance which still farther increases the resemblance.
There are, however, a few places in which beds occur which much resemble
the upper parts of the coal formation of Nova Scotia, and it is in these localities
chiefly, though I believe not exclusively, that the coniferous wood in question
occurs, along with a few other vegetable fragments, for the most part very im-
perfectly preserved. Some interest, therefore, attaches to these fragments of
fossilized wood, as a means of comparison between the oldest portions of the red
sandstone formation of Prince Edward Island, and the inferior members of the
coal formation on the opposite coasts of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in
which coniferous wood is also of very frequent occurrence.

1. Coniferous wood from Gallas or Gallows Point , west side of Orwell Bay.
At this place, which I visited in 1842, the following beds appear in descending
order, the dip being to E. S. E. at angles of 6 to 8 : red and brownish sand-
stones, gray sandstone with bands of concretionary limestone, and containing
carbonized vegetable fragments, some of them resembling catamites, but without
joints, gray and brown shales or indurated clays; brownish sandstone, with
large trunks of trees silicified. One of these trunks measured three feet in its
greatest diameter ; they are prostrate and somewhat flattened. I have no doubt
that these rocks underlie the ordinary red sandstones of the island, and Dr. Ges-
ner, who examined them in 1847, takes the same view, affirming them to be
carboniferous, and stating that he found in them catamites and stigmaria, which,
if well characterized specimens, would go far to confirm that conclusion.

My specimens of fossil wood from this place are perfectly silicified, and of a
dark clove-brown color. They are much fissured in the direction of the medul-
lary rays, and the fissures are filled with flesh colored sulphate of barytes. Under
the microscope, transverse slices show a somewhat dense tissue of quadrangular
cells arranged in rows. Longitudinal slices in the direction of the medullary
rays, show parallel elongated cells, medullary rays not strongly marked, and
traces of hexagonal discs of the Araucarian type on the walls of the cells. Two
rows of these discs occupy the whole breadth of a cell.

2. Specimens from Des Sables and Crapaud. At these localities the only
rocks seen are the ordinary red sandstones, and the coniferous wood is found
only in loose fragments on the surface. From the large quantity scattered over
the fields, and the general scarcity of travelled boulders in this part of the island,
I have no doubt that it now lies over or near its original site. The specimens
from this place are dense and without fissures, and have a structure quite similar
to that of the wood from Gallas Point, though not in so perfect preservation.

3. A specimen from, some part of the sovth shore of Prince Edward Island , now
in the collection of the Puton Literary Society. This specimen was obtained
from a person who stated that it was a portion of a large trunk. It still retains
in its crevices remnants of the matrix of coarse reddish sandstone. It is cracked
in lines radiating from the centre, and is perforated by numerous vermicular
holes, now somewhat flattened, but which were probably the burrows either of
Teredines or xylophagous larvae. Some parts of this specimen retain their
structure in a very perfect condition. It is of precisely the same character with
that already described, and shows one or two rows of discs on each cell.

All these specimens probably belong to the same genus, and perhaps to the
same species of coniferous trees ; and they all differ materially from the conife-
rous wood of the coal formation. I have slices of the latter from various parts
of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, some of them from the new-
est beds of the coal formation. All of them are of much coarser texture than
the specimens from Prince Edward Island. The cells are wider, and usually
with three or even four rows of discs, and the medullary tissue is more strongly
marked. In the closeness of the cellular tissue, fewer rows of discs, and fine-
ness of the medullary rays, the Prince Edward Island specimens, though dis-
tinctly of the Araucarian type, approach more nearly to the modern pines of this

* 1847.

6

64 [April,

country than to those of the coal formation. They therefore afford no proof
that these lower members of the red sandstone formation of Prince Edward
Island are of carboniferous date, but would rather tend to connect them with the
overlying beds which have afforded the remains of the Bathygnathus borealis.
The occurrence, however, in this position, of rocks so nearly resembling those
of the upper coal formation, renders it probable that no very sudden or marked
physical changes intervened between the deposition of the latter and that of the
new red sandstones, and thus furnish an argument in favor of the Permian date
of this last deposit.*

Description of a species of Crane found in Wisconsin^ presumed to be new*
By William Dudley, of Madison, Wisconsin.

Grtis Hoyianus, nobis.

Form. Size large ; second primary longest, first and second nearly equal ; tail
two inches longer than the folded wings ; numerous large feathers arise from the
base of each wing, elevated and droop down over the tail, giving the bird an os-
trich-like appearance. Head densely clothed with feathers to base of bill; no
naked shin.

Dimensions. Length of wing from flexure 23 inches ; tarsi 11 5-10 inches ;
middle toe 5 inches, hind toe just reaches the ground; bill 5 inches.

Color. Head and upper half of neck light ferruginous ; on the breast, back
and upper tail coverts are a few scattering feathers tipped with the same ; pri-
maries black, remaining parts white. Legs black.

Observation. This fine large crane was killed on Sugar River, in Dane Co.,
Wisconsin, and is now in the Museum of the Wisconsin Natural History Asso-
ciation. Sex not known. It is named in honor of my worthy friend Dr. P. R.
Hoy, of Racine, Wisconsin, whose untiring industry and zeal in Natural History
have added much to science.

Description of Fossil Trees in the coal rocks near Greensburgh^ Westmoreland

county ) Pennsylvania*
By Alfred T. King, M. D.

Throughout nearly the whole of Western Pennsylvania, but more abundant in
particular localities, may be found fragments of immense silicified trees lying on
the surface of the ground. About seven miles east of Greensburgh there is a re-
markable locality. Here may be seen immense logs from six to eight feet long,
and from one to four feet in diameter, strewed over acres of ground. After the
closest examination, I have been unable to find any very clear indications of
high vegetable organization in these silicified trees. Indeed I have been unable,
after the closest scrutiny, to discover a single specimen of fossil plant in our
vast carboniferous series, of higher organization than vascular Cryptogamia. I
might, perhaps, except some specimens, which I first saw a few weeks since in
Beaver county, Pa., of Trigonocarpum? This is the fruit of a tree, which some
have supposed to be allied to the Palms ; of this, however, there is still great
doubt and uncertainty.

Many of the specimens of silicified wood contain numerous and beautiful
crystals of quartz scattered throughout their interior structure, which would seem
to indicate that the silicifying process must have taken place whilst the wood
was immersed in water of high temperature.

Whilst excavating a tunnel on the Pennsylvania Railroad near Greensburgh, a
stratum of very compact sandstone of about fifteen feet in thickness was opened',
which contained vast quantities of trunks and limbs of trees, some per-
meated with silicious and pyritous matter, whilst others have left only their
imprints, the woody matter having been converted into coal, which forms a thin

* For description of the Newer Coal Formation of Nova Scotia, see Journal of
London Geol. Soc. vol. 1. p. 322 ; and Taylor's Statistics of Coal, p. 196.

1854.] 65

but beautiful pellicle, covering the impressions of the plants. These trunks and
Jimbs are of all sizes, from an inch to nearly three feet in circumference, strewed
about, and piled upon each other in the most irregular manner, and so numerous
that scarcely a fragment of rock was thrown out which did not contain either a
vegetable impression or a silicified stem.

Although in the shale above, vast piles of detached fern leaves were found, be-
longing principally to the genus Neuropteris t accompanied with numerous im-
pressions of Calamites, yet no species of fern was discovered in the sandstone,
with the exception of two specimens, both of which belonged to distinct genera.
The one was a Pecopteris, and the other was the Cyclopteris trichomanoides ,

Among the numerous arborescent fossil plants which were found in this sand-
stone, was an entire tree of immense magnitude, lying prostrate, about four feet
above the Pittsburgh seam of coal, and about thirty feet beneath the surface.
The part which was removed measured twenty six feet in length, and two feet
ten inches in circumference at the base. From the size of the two main branches
which enter the rock on the opposite side, I infer that this tree may have been
from forty to sixty feet in height. At the base, it was much flattened by the
pressure of the superincumbent weight, but strange as it may seem, the branches
still retained nearly their original cylindrical form. It was entirely enveloped in
a coating of pure bituminous coal, varying from a quarter of an inch to one inch
in thickness. Its interior was filled with sand, mixed with sulphuret and car-
bonate of iron, which much increased its weight, but there were no indications
of vegetable structure. The thin vegetable band, which alone remained con-
verted into pure bituminous coal, may have surrounded an axis of more perishable
material, which, when the tree was removed from its original position by the
storms or the Waves, rapidly decayed. Its hollow interior would necessarily be
filled with sand, broken shale or other sediment which was brought by large
rivers into that turbulent sea, the bed of which was gradually subsiding. This
view is corroborated by the fact, that the rock in which this plant is found
imbedded, and which constituted its matrix, presents an entirely different appear-
ance in color, and in some degree in lithological character, from that which fills
the interior of the fossil tree. Although there were numerous, but irregular
longitudinal flutings, both along the main irunk and its branches, yet I could
discover no indications of those beautiful scars, so characteristic of arborescent
ferns, and of the genus Sigillaria, which indicate the spots where the petioles
of the leaves articulated with the stem ; and hence I infer that this tree should
not be referred to either of those families of plants.

The question naturally arises, to which of the three great divisions of the
vegetable kingdom do these fossil trees belong. Do they belong to arborescent
ferns, gigantic palms or lofty pines ? Are they of exogenous or endogenous
growth ?

It has been said by fossil botanists, that true exogena? and endogenae have been
found in the carboniferous rocks of Europe. I have, therefore, been much inter-
ested in discovering some clear indications of these highest forms of vegetable
structure, in the coal measures in this country ; but 1 have thus far failed, unless
the specimens to which I have already alluded, should on further examination,
prove exceptions.

I am aware that M. Brongniart has placed the Sigillariae among the exogenae,
but with all due deference to his high authority, I must say that I have been
unable to find in that family of fossil plants any evidence of pith, bark, con-
centric rings, medullary rays, or other indications of so high a structure.

Since writing the above,! have made another examination of the specimens of
fossil trees, and believe that I was at first mistaken in regard to some of them
being branches. The rock in which they were found had been blasted, and
consequently the fossil trees were much broken. The largest entire piece which
I saw was not more than four or five feet in length. These facts may have
some bearing upon their position in the vegetable scale.

66 [April,

Description of fossil fruit found in the Carboniferous BocJcs of Beaver County , Pa*
By Alfred T. Kijxg, M. D., of Greensburg, Pa.

Mr. Mendenhall, of New Brighton, showed me several specimens of fossil
fruit imbedded in solid sandstone, belonging to the carboniferous series of that
neighborhood. And through the kindness of George W. Tyler, Esq., editor of
the Boston Herald, I procured a specimen for description.

These specimens bore considerable resemblance, both in form and size, to the
fruit of the Butternut, Juglans cinerea.

There have been found in the coal strata in Leicestershire, England, a number
of species of a three cornered fruit, to which the generic name Higonocarpum
has been given. Possibly, the specimen which I am about to describe, may be
referred to that genus.

This is a drupaceous fruit, of an ovoidal shape, from two inches and a quar-
ter to three inches in length, and from one inch and three quarters to two
inches and a half in breadth, and weighs from two and a quarter to three ounces*
Its external surface is nearly covered with a thin coating of bituminous coal ; a
large portion of which, however, adheres to its matrix. This coal was formed, I
presume, by the carbonization of its pericarp. Its interior is filled with coarse
grained sand, similar to the rock in which it was imbedded. The epicarp
i formed of three nearly equal valves, joined by three prominent sutures, uniting
in a point at the apex. Between the sutures are seen a number of nearly parallel
and prominent longitudinal striae, which gracefully curve so as to meet in a point
at the distal extremity.

In all the specimens which I saw, there is a deep depression or excavation at
the base, where the fruit was attached, in all probability, to a peduncle.

This fruit is not triquetrous, as the name Trigonocarpum seems to indicate, but
strictly ovoidal, sometimes nearly obovoidal, having three prominent sutures
joining the three valves of the epicarp.

It was found in Beaver County, Pa., about three miles from the town of New
Brighton, in a thick stratum of compact, but coarse grained sandstone, near the
middle of the carboniferous series.

Should this belong to the genus Trigonocarpum^ 1 propose calling it Trigono-
carpum carbonariwm.

Descriptions of new Birds of Northern Mexico*
By D. N. Couch, U. S. Army.

1. CORVUS CRYPTOLEUCUS.

Female. Form. Bill short, high at base, compressed; nostrils covered with
flat, bristle-like feathers, which are about two-thirds as long as the bill. Wings
long, fourth primary longest, first short ; tail moderate, rounded. About the size
of or rather larger than the common crow of North America, (Corvus ameri-
canus.)

Color. Entirely black, with violet and purple reflexions. Feathers of the
neck before and behind, and of the back, pare white at their bases and for about
two-thirds of their length, being, in fact, white tipped with black. Bill and feet
black. Iris yellowish brown.

Total length from tip of bill to end of tail 18! ; wing 13i ; expanse of wings
33; tail 8 inches.

Locality. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico; March, 1853.

Obs. Not abundant, though occasionally seen.

2. Icterus Scottii

Male. Bill moderate, scarcely curved ; tip acute, not compressed. Legs and
toes moderate. Wings rounded ; second and third primaries longest, first shorter
than the fourth and longer than the fifth.

Color. Head, neck, breast, forehead, wings, tip of tail and upper central tail
feathers to tip of upper coverts, black. Upper primary and under wing coverts?

1854.] . 67

sides, under surface of body, under and upper tail coverts, rump, and posterior
portion of back, bright yellow ; sides under the wings greenish yellow. Tips
and bases of secondary wing coverts white, forming along the tips a defined
stripe, the white on the base being covered by the primary coverts ; exterior
edge of tips of tertiary quills white ; tips of exterior tail feathers slightly tipped
with dull white. Bill black ; base of lower mandible bluish lead. Feet very
dark slate.

Total length 8* ; tip to tip llf ; wing from carpal joint 4 ; tail 3! inches.

Locality. Western New Leon and Coahuila; April, 1853.

Obs. Plentiful, common. Song varied and highly melodious. An immature
specimen of this species has the black on the head and neck maculated with olive ;
wings, central tail feathers and tips dark ferruginous, and the yellow substituted
by a light olive, which is darkest on the rump and lightest on the abdomen,
where it is dull yellow.

I have named this handsome bird as a slight token of my high regard for
Major General Winfield Scott, Commander in Chief of the IT. S. Army.

3. SlRUTHUS ATRIMENTALIS.

Male. Small ; bill short, conic ; wing short, rounded, third and fourth prima-
ries longest and nearly equal ; tail long, graduated : legs slender.

Color. Chin, lores and narrow frontal band black. Head above and neck,
rump and entire under parts cinereous, palest and nearly white on the abdomen.
Back ferruginous, each feather with a dark central line ; quills and tail feathers
brownish black, both edged externally with white. Bill light brownish red ;
feet dark ; iris dark brown.

Total length 5i ; wings 2J ; wings from tip to tip 7! ; tail 3 inches.

Locality. Aqua Nueva, State of Coahuila; May, 1853.

The Report of the Publication Committee for 1853 was read and
adopted.

ELECTION.

John Vaughan Merrick, Esq., and John J. Vanderkemp, M. D., of
Philadelphia, were elected Members, and Prof. Daniel Kirkwood, of
Newark, Delaware, and Waldo J. Burnett, M. D., of Boston, Mass.,
were elected Correspondents.

.

1854.] 69

May 2d, 1854.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Portland (Maine) Society of Nat. History,
dated April 20th, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of an entire copy of
the Publications of the Academy, presented in accordance with a late
resolution.

Also a letter from the American Philosophical Society, dated April
27, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the last number of the Journal
and of the Proceedings.

May 9 th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Synopsis of the Cucuiides of the United States," which was
referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Zantzinger, and Dr. Rand.

Dr. Le Conte exhibited a fragment of the jaw of a new Pachyderm
from the Tertiary of Virginia, 80 or 90 miles S. W. of Alexandria, and
characterised it as a new genus allied to Dicotyles.

Mr. Wm. Parker Foulke asked the attention of the Academy to a Lecture by
Mr. Hugh Miller, recently republished in the United States, under the title, " The
Two Records, the Mosaic and the Geological ;" and made some remarks upon the
importance of maintaining a careful scrutiny of the logic of the natural sciences.
The cultivators of those sciences are particularly interested at this time in pre-
venting any misapprehension of the results of their researches, as there is a
prevailing disposition to " reconcile " these by extreme processes with the
popular interpretation of certain texts of the Mosaic history. Unfinished inves-
tigations of the students of nature are used as complete evidence ; and provisional
generalizations are employed as fixed premises, from which are drawn conclusions
very inconvenient to subsequent inquirers and writers. Thus both religion and
natural science are wronged.

Mr. Miller teaches that in the attempt to reconcile the two "records," there
are only three periods to be accounted for by the geologist, viz., " the period of
plants, the period of great sea monsters and creeping things : and the period of
cattle and leasts of the field ;" that the first of these " periods " is represented by
the rocks grouped under the term palceozoic, and is distinguished from the secondary
and the tertiary, chiefly by its " gorgeous flora ;" and that " the geological evi-
dence is so complete as to be patent to all, that the first great period of organized
being was, as described in the Mosaic record, peculiarly a period of herbs and
trees yielding seed after their kind." The general reader, not familiar with the
details of geological arrangement, could not fail to infer from such a statement,
used for such a purpose, that the palaeozoic rocks are regarded by geologists as
forming one group, representative of one period which can properly be said to be
distinguished as a whole by its gorgeous flora ; and that it is properly so dis-
tinguished for the argument in question. It was familiar to the Academy as well
as to Mr. Miller, that from the carboniferous rocks downward (backward in order
of time) there have been discriminated a large number of periods differing one
from another in mineral and in organic remains; and that the proportion of the
carboniferous era to the whole series is small, whether we regard the thickness
of its deposits or its conjectural chronology. It is only of this carboniferous era,
the latest of this series, that the author's remarks could be true ; and even of this,
if taken for the entire surface of the earth, it could not be truly asserted that

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VII., HO. III. 7

70 [May,

" the evidence is so complete as to be patent to all ,5 that the quantity of its
vegetable products distinguishes it from the earth's surface during the era in which
we live. To confound by implication all the periods termed palaeozoic, so as to
apply to them as a whole what could be true, if at all, only of the carboniferous
period, is a fallacious use of a generalization made for a purpose and upon a
principle not properly available for the writer's argument. The high esteem in
which the character of Mr. Miller is deservedly held by readers in the United
States, where his writings are widely circulated ; and the respectful manner in
which his interesting researches have occasioned his name to be mentioned by
authors eminent in the department of geology, give to such of his writings as
bear upon the biblical question, peculiar importance with reference to the com-
munity at large.

Mr. F- urged the duty of insisting upon the maintenance of regular methods
of exposition as well as of investigation, leaving apparent inconsistencies,
which are beyond our means of explanation, to be "reconciled" by our
successors with the aid of larger accumulations of knowledge than we possess.
The progress of science has been retarded by the assumption that every discovery
must be immediately proved to be harmonious with certain other portions of our
knowledge. A due regard to the sacredness of religious faith and to the natural
sensitiveness of the popular mind will secure respectful caution; but it is most
consistent with the acknowledged imperfection of human faculties, and at the
same time most worthy of the true dignity of science, to assume that ultimately
all truths will be found to agree ; and meantime, strictly adhering to the canons
of evidence, to explore courageously the great field open to us. We ought espe-
cially to avoid generalizations which have no sound philosophical principle, or
which are framed or applied merely from a desire to appease over-zealous minds
ignorant of the facts already ascertained. This obligation is stronger in propor-
tion to the degree of confidence given to the teacher in any case, and also in
proportion to the limitation of access to other sources of information.

May lQtJim
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Imperial Soc. of Naturalists of Moscow, dated May 30tb ;
June 1st, and September 13th, 1853 ;

From the Kaiserlichen Akad. der Wissenschaften, dated Vienna, 10th
Nov., 1853 ;

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, dated 23d Nov,,
1853;

From the K. K. Geologischen Reiebenstalt, dated Vienna, 22d Nov.,
1853, severally transmitting their publications announced this evening
by the Librarian.

From the Royal Acad, of Sciences of Stockholm, dated Nov. 1, 1853 ;

From the K. K. Geologischen Reiebenstalt, dated Vienna, 21st Nov.,
T853 ;

From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, May 10th 7
1854; and

From the Portland Society of Nat. History, dated Portland, Maine?
11th May, 1854, severally acknowledging the receipt of the Publications
of the Academy.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
-entitled " Notes on some new Coleopterous Insects from the Collections''

1854.]

71

of the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission." Referred to
Mr. Cassin, Dr. Ruschenberger and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Le Conte also presented a paper from Mr. Charles Grirard, on a
new species of Salmonidae from the Northeastern part of the United
States, which was referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Hallowell.

Dr. Brinton desired to draw the attention of the Academy to a new mode which
he had recently devised and practised in the preparation of anatomical specimens,
several of which he exhibited.

Anatomical specimens, he said, had hitherto been preserved either in the wet
state, or else dried ; both plans were open to objections.

If animal tissues be immersed in alcohol, or other preservative fluids, their color
becomes blanched, their structure condensed, and consequently their size and
shape to a certain degree modified ; and at the same time they present incon-
veniences for demonstration ; whilst in the dry state, as for example, in the ordin-
ary dried preparation of our cabinets, the parts are so shrunken and changed, as
to convey but an imperfect idea of their primitive relations.

As this shrinkage of the tissues, and the decomposition are dependent most
probably upon atmospheric influence, Dr. Brinton stated that it had occurred to
him some time since, that should he be able so to exclude the air, as to prevent
all evaporation from taking place, he would perhaps succeed in preventing, not
only the desiccation of the part, but also its decomposition.

Influenced by this idea, he had commenced a series of experiments, and the suc-
cess up to this time accompanying them, had led him to draw the attention of
the Academy to the subject.

His object being to encase hermetically every portion of his specimen, Dr.
Brinton remarked that he had selected for his earlier experiments, a solution of
gun cotton in ether, the ordinary collodion. This he applied by means of a brush
over every portion of the external surface of his preparation. The ether quickly
evaporating, a thin film of the cotton was deposited upon and in all the interstices
of the tissue. This process was repeated until a layer of sufficient thickness had
been obtained; successive coatings of copal and shellac varnishes were then ap-
plied, so as to rentier to the preparation a certain degree of firmness and stiffness.

But it soon became evident to him that collodion was not entirely suited for the
generality of objects, especially for those of any considerable bulk. It possesses
too slight a degree of tenacity, and is liable to become easily chipped and
fissured.

It was necessary, therefore, to employ some other material, and a solution
of gutta-percha in benzole was selected ; this was applied in a similar
manner over the object to be preserved. The pellicle left by the evapora-
tion of the benzole was tenacious, dense, and could be increased to any de-
sired thickness. Single layers were transparent, suiting admirably for layers of
fasciae. For the encasement of the adipose tissue, collodion was still employed.

The thick coating, however, which it was considered necessary to apply upon
the muscular mass, was of course opaque ; hence, it became of importance to re-
sort to an artificial coloring process, and for this purpose, collodion stained with
the wood of the Pterocarpus santalinus, (the ordinary red saunders,) was found
to answer admirably. The color resulting imitated closely that of fresh muscle.
The preparation was then completed by the repeated application of copal and
shellac varnishes. .

Dr. Brinton explained to the Academy, that he did not present his specimens
as tried and perfected preparations, for as yet they had attained the age of but
some twenty days ; but merely as evidences of the application of a new principle
to the preparation of anatomical objects. Time was required to test its value.

Whether or not any internal decomposition could take place in consequence of
the retention of a residual amount of air, Dr. Brinton could not state; but he
doubted that such would be the case, to a degree sufficient to affect the contour
of the specimen. Should, however, such a result ensue with regard to the speci-
mens upon the table, still his experiments had shown that the process was ap-

72

[May,

plicable to any tissues which had been injected or soaked with a solution of
the chloride of zinc, or any other antiseptic. Here decomposition would be
impossible, and the gutta-percha was certainly sufficient to prevent the shrinking
consequent on evaporation.

Dr. Brinton then stated that he was still experimenting, and had succeeded in
procuring a colorless solution of gutta-percha in benzole and in chloroform,
which would supersede the use of the collodion for the adipose matter. These
transparent solutions would doubtless be applicable to the preparation of dissec-
tions of the nervous system, and to pathological structures. He stated also that
he thought possibly an extension of this principle might hereafter be made sub-
servient to the preservation of any fresh animal tissue. Further results would
be submitted to the Academy.

May 23c?.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Dr. Wm. Wirtenweber, dated Prague, 30th Oct., 1853, trans-
mitting several of his works, acknowledged this evening.

From Dr. W. D. Hartmann, dated West Chester, Pennsylvania, May
16, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Corres-
pondent.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper by Mr. C. Girard, and intended for pub-
lication, entitled " A list of North American Bufonides, with diagnoses
of new species." Referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Leidy,and Mr. Hanson.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to specimens of four vertebras
of a huge extinct saurian, from near Greenville, Clark Co., Arkansas. They had
been kindly loaned by Mr. W. F. Roberts, an agent of the Arkansas Mining
Company, who had discovered them with numerous others. Dr. L. stated,
that in his late visit to St. Louis, Mr. Albert Koch, the industrious collector of
fossil remains, had exhibited to him a collection of bones from the same State,
and apparently of the same animal, which he was on the eve of sending to Berlin.
The specimens on the table are remarkable for the robust transverse processes,
which project laterally from the lower part of the body, and terminate in a large
facet for the articulation of a rib. The bodies are cylindroid, and are terminated
by slightly concave or nearly flat articular surfaces. The sides of the body are
moderately concave, and have an acute margin at the articular surfaces. On
each side of a median prominence pf the under side of the body a large vascular
foramen exists.

These vertebrae resemble those of the Cirnoliasaurus mag?ius, from the green
sand of New Jersey, described previously in the Proceedings of the Academy,*
but in that the large transverse process is cylindrical, while it is compressed
cylindroid in the Arkansas saurian, and probably this latter belongs to a distinct
genus, for which the name Brimosaitrus grandis is proposed. The bones are
embedded in a hard limestone with mollusca, and they probably belong to the
cretaceous or to the eocene period. One of the most perfect of the vertebroe
presents the following measurements :

Length of the body , 3| inches.

Depth of articular surfaces 5 "

Breadth of " 6

Length of the spinal arch ... 3

References of Plate II.

Figs. 1 3, Brimosaurus grandis.
: 6, Cirnoliasaurus magnus.

(S

((

Vol. v. p. 325.

1854.] 73

May oO th.
Vice President Bridges in the chair.

The Committees on Dr. Le Conte's papers, read 9th and 16th inst.,
on Mr. Charles Girard's papers, read 16th and 23d inst., severally re-
ported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings.

Synopsis of the Cuc?tiides of the United States.
By Johk L. Le Conte, M. D.

Catagenus Westwood.

1. C. rufus Westw. Zool. Journ. 5, 221. Cueujus rufus Fabr. Ent. Syst.
emend, suppl. 123 ; Syst. El. 2, 93. Oliv. 74 bis, tab. 1, fig. 3.

Middle, Southern and Western States. This species varies in size from -18 to
55 of an inch. The posterior angles of the thorax are usually prominent, on
account of the sinuosity of the sides near the base ; sometimes this sinuosity is
very faint, then the posterior angles, although rectangular, are not prominent.
Newman's C. punctic-ollis (Ann. Nat. Hist. 2, 398) is described as having
but 6 striae on each elytron, (the 5th and 6th stria? are said to be indistinct.) Now,
in some specimens, which cannot be separated from C. rufus, the fifth and sixth
striae are not well marked, but in all that I have seen the seventh stria is quite
obvious. As the elytra are declivous at the sides beyond the seventh stria, I
think it probable that this seventh stria is constant in the gpnus, in which case
there is no reason why Newman's species should not be united with C. rufus.

Cuctjius Fabr.

1. C. clavipes Fabr. Gen. Ins. Mantiss. 233, (1790) ; Ent. Syst. emend. 1 ,
2, 94. Olivier, Enc. Meth. 6, 242, (1791); Ins. 74 bis, tab. 1, fig. 1.

Middle and Western States, not rare ; found principally under the bark of
Liriodendron, but not confined to that tree. This species is omitted in Fabri-
cius' Systema Eleutheratorum.

2. C. puniceus Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 303. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 309.
Sitka ; I have not seen this species. By an oversight, Mr. White, in the British

Museum Catalogue, quotes Motschulsky for the name.

By another oversight in the same Catalogue, C. sanguinolentus and haema-
todes, European species, are mentioned as found in North America, while our
common species, C. clavipes, is said to inhabit South America. Reference to
these errors is perhaps needless, as attention has already been called to them by
Schaum, (Bericht, &c. 1851, p. 55 t ) but they are merely mentioned in this place
for the information of those to whom Schaum's Report is not accessible.

Pediacus Shuckard.

1. P. planu s, depressus, fuscus, opacus, dense punctat.us tenuiter pubescens,
fronte bifoveata, thorace latitudine vix breviore, antrorsum paulo an^ustato,
lateribus subrepandis pone medium oblique emarginatis, angulis posticis pro-
minulis, elytris punctulatis lateribus declivibus, stria suturali profunda. Long.
-12 14.

Silvanus planus Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 223.

Lake Superior, rare. The fourth, sixth and eighth joints of the antennae are a
little smaller than the third, fifth and seventh ; the last three joints are twice as
wide as the eighth. The anterior angles of the thorax are rounded. One speci-
men is paler colored and almost rufous.

2. P. subglaber, depressus, testaceus, nitidus, vix subtilissime pubescens.
capite thoraceque punctatis, fronte excavata, thorace latitudine paulo breviore,
lateribus subquadridentatis (denticulo postico ante basin posito) disco^late bi-
impresso, elytris obsoletius punctatis lateribus elevatis, margine sulcato, stria
suturali distincta. Long. *14.

One specimen, North Carolina, Mr. Zimmermann. The antennae are a little

74 [May,

shorter than in P. planus, and the inequality of the joints from the fourth to the
eighth is not as obvious. In some lights the elytra have the appearance of being
faintly striate. The impressions of the thorax consist of two longitudinal ones
concave outwards, which are connected near the base and apex by transverse
impressions.

3. P. subcarinatus Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 363. Russian America;
(unknown to me.)

LiEMOPHLCEUS Er.

A. Frons antice trisinuata.

1. L. biguttatus, latiusculus depressus, supra piceus, parum nitidus sub-
tiliter pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, elytris confertim punc-
tatis striis utrinque 4 profundis, suturali antice minus distincta, macula utrinque
ante medium testacea ornatis ; thorace utrinque linea profunda insculpto, late-
ribus late rotundatis subrepandis. Long. 1 15.

Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 223. (1850.)

White, Brit. Mus. Cat. (1851) p. 5.

Cucuius biguttatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 267.^

Lcemophl&us bisignatus Guerin, Icon. Regne An. 205.

A common species found in the Middle and Southern States, and as far west
as Nebraska. The under surface is frequently rufous, but is sometimes as dark
as the upper surface. As this species is more densely punctured than the next,
and agrees in this respect with the European L. moni 1 i s (Cue. bipzistulatus
Panz.) with which Say compares it, I have concluded that this is really Say's
species ; the typical specimens in the Melsheimer collection render this view
certain.

The head of the male is as wide as the thorax, and. the antennae two-thirds as
long as the body.

2. L. f a s c i a t u s, latiusculus depressus, rufus nitidus glaber, capite thorace-
que modlce punctatis, hoc lateribus rotundato vix repando, utrinque linea pro-
funda insculpto, elytris nigris, striis utrinque 4 profundis, suturali antice indis-
tincta, interstitiis parce subseriatim punctulatis, macula utrinque ante medium
testacea ornatis. Long. 1 *18.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 113.

Middle and Southern States to Texas ; the head of the male is very large.

3. L.adustus, laete rufus, paulo convexus, latiusculus, nitidus glaber, capite
thoraceque punctatis, illo canaliculato, hoc lateribus rotundatis postice sinuatis,
angulis posticis prominulis, linea tenui utrinque insculpto, elytris nigris, basi
triangulariter laete rufis, tenuiter multistriatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis vix
parce punctulatis, apice rufescente. Long. -I.

A unique male specimen of this beautiful species, found in York Co., Pennsyl-
vania, was kindly given me by Dr. Melsheimer under the name here adopted.
Body above and beneath bright rufous, shining, glabrous. Head as wide as the
thorax, slightly convex, finely, moderately densely punctured ; vertex finely
channelled ; before the eyes is a line transverse arched line ; the outline of the
front is concave each side and emariiinate in the middle, which is not so much
produced as in the two preceding; the labrum is short; mandibles long and
slender, emarginate at tip. Antennas moderately stout, nearly as long as the
body. Thorax twice as wide as long, considerably narrowed at the base, sides
strongly rounded, sinuate near the posterior angles, which are sharp and promi-
nent ; disc moderately convex, finely punctured, with the lateral line not strongly
impressed. Elytra not wider than the thorax, moderately convex, with 7 or 8
very fine striae, on which are placed moderately large punctures; the interstitial
spaces are marked with a few very fine punctures, which on the sutural space
form a somewhat regular series ; their color is black, with a large, common, tri-
angular, rufous spot at the base, which along the suture extends one-third the
.length; the apical margin is slightly reddish. The scutellum is transverse,
without any distinct apical angle.

1854.] 75

B. Frons medio producta, vel late emarginata vel truncata ; scutellum trian-
gulare.

4. L. b u 1 1 a t u s, elongatus, depressus testaceus, nitidus glaber, thorace lati-
tudine non breviore, lateribus rectis, postice subangustato, parce punctato, liner,
utrinque profunda exarato, dorso bulla magna laevi paulo convexa impressione
minus profunda definita ornato, elytris obsolete striato-punctulatis. Long. 07.

One female found at the junction of the Colorado and Gila Rivers, California.
The large, slightly elevated, dorsal convexity of the thorax will readily distin-
guish this species. The head seems to be nearly smooth, and the anterior trans-
verse line is distinct ; the antennas are a little more than half as long as the body,
and their joints are rounded.

5. L. n i t e n s, elongatus, depressus, testaceus, nitidus, glaber, thorace quad-
rato, lateribus fere rectis, obsoletissime parce punctulato, linea utrinque pro-
funda exarato, elytris subtilissime seriatim punctulatis, stria suturali postice
tenuiter impressa. Long. *0S *09.

Abundant at the Colorado River, California. The head is finely and sparsely
punctulate, the vertex is slightly channelled, and the anterior transverse line is
deep ; in the male the head is as wide as the thorax, and the antennae are as
long as the body, with the first joint equal to the two following united.

6. L. Z i in m e r m a n n i, elongatus, depressus, testaceus nitidus glaber, capite
thoraceque parce punctulatis, hoc latitudine fere longiore, lateribus rectis, angulis
anticis prominulis, linea utrinque profunda exarato, elytris subtiliter striato-
punctulatis, sulco laterali valde profundo. Long. -07 *09.

Pennsylvania and Maryland, Mr. Zimmermann ; Illinois, Mr. Willcox. This
very small species is readily distinguished from the next by the finer punctua-
tion and the absence of the outer marginal line of the thorax.

7. L. punctatus, elongatus, depressus, testaceus nitidus, glaber, capite
thoraceque sat dense punctatis, hoc latitudine paulo breviore, postice subangus-
tato lateribus fere rectis, lineis utrinque lateralibus duabus, elytris tenuiter 4
striatis et seriatim punctulatis, sulco laterali profundo. Long. *07.

S. Carolina, Mr. Zimmermann. The small punctures of the elytra appear to be
near the striae, but not upon them, and form two series between the striae. The
antennae of the male are as long as the body, and the first joint is as long as the
head, or about equal to the three following united. The outer marginal line of
the thorax is not distinct.

9. L. g e m i n a t u s, elongatus, depressus, rufo-testaceus, nitidus, glaber,
capite thoraceque densius punctatis, hoc latitudine non longiore, lateribus rectis,
postice non angustato, utrinque bistriato, elytris tenuiter striatis, striis punctu-
latis, sulco marginali profundo. Long. -C/6.

Louisiana and Georgia, Dr. Schaum. The outer stria of the thorax is distinct,
but does not reach the base. The antennae of the female are two thirds as long,
those of the male almost as long as the body ; the first joint is equal to the two
following united in the female, and is a little longer in the male. This species
is very closely related to the last, but seems, by the difference in the form of the
thorax and by the differences in the antennae and elytra, to be properly sepa-
rated.

10. L. mod est us, elongatus, depressus, testaceus nitidus, glaber, capite
thoraceque parcius punctatis, hoc quadrato, lateribus antice rotundatis, postice
subangustato, linea laterali profunda utrinque notato, elytris striis minus impres-
sis distincte punctatis. Long. -08.

CucKJus modesties Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 268.

Lcemophlceus suigularis White, Brit. Mus. Cat. 7, (1851.)

Georgia and South Carolina. The antennae of the male are a little longer
than the body, and the elytra are shorter than in the female. The first joint of
the antennae in both sexes is as long as the two following united.

11. L. puberulus, elongatus, depressus, testaceus, nitidus sat dense sub-
tiliter pubescens, thorace quadrato, latitudine subbreviore lateribus fere rectis,

76 [Mat,

postice subangustato, subtiliter punctulato, linea utrinque laterali distincta, disco
late impressa, elytris tenuiter striatis, vix punctulatis. Long. 05 07.

Colorado River, California, abundant. The head is very finely punctulate,
and is distinctly channelled posteriorly; the discoidal impression of the thorax
is very faint, but it causes the anterior margin, in particular lights, to appear
slightly elevated. The male only differs from the female by the broader head
and longer and thinner antennae ; in both sexes, the first joint of the latter, al-
though thicker, is but little longer than the second.

C. Frons vix producta, medio emarginata ; labrum breve, transversum.

12. L. c e p h a 1 o t e s, elongatus depressus, niger nitidus glaber, capite thorace
maiore quadrato, sat punctato, mandibulis (maris) elongatis, thorace quadrato,
postice subangustato, subtiliter parce punctulato, lateribus recti's, linea laterali
tenui, elytris obsolete striato-punctulatis, testaceis, basi apice margine sutura-
que nigris. Long. *10.

A very singular species, of which I found but a single male at the Colorado
River, in California. The head is quadrate, with parallel sides, and without im-
pressions ; the usual marginal line is distinct. The mandibles project beyond
the labrum, and are about half as long as the head, the tip is emarginate. The
labrum is broad and slighrly emarginate ; the antennae are more than half as long
as the body ; the first joint is not much larger than the second, but the last three
joints are distinctly larger than the preceding and subtriangular. The scuiel is
triangular. The under surface of the body is black, with the antennae and feet
piceous.

Species unknown to me.

13. L. longicornis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 303. Russian America.

Dendrophagus Schonh.

1. D. gla b e r Lee. Agassiz' Lake Sup. 223. Lake Superior and Lake Huron,
rare. From the punctures of the elytra proceed small hairs, which, however,
are invisible, except with a very powerful lens.

2. D. C y g n ae i Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1846, 15. Sitka ; (unknown to me.)

Brontes Fabr.

1. B. dubius Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 97. Cueuius dubius Fabr. Ent. Syst.
emend. 2, 95. Oliv. Enc. Meth. 6, 242. Abundant in every part of the United
States east of the Rocky Mountains. The mandibles of the male are armed with
a very slender curved horn, which converges upwards to meet the one of the
opposite side. The upper surface of the body is sometimes entirely black ; some-
times the head, thorax and margin of the elytra are brown.

2. B. debilis, ater, depressus opacus, dense punctatus, thorace latitudine vix
breviore, lateribus denticulatis, angulis anticis paulo productis, elytris subtilius
punctato-substriatis, lateribus magis declivibus, antennis piceis, pedibus testa-
ceis. Long. .17 .2.

Georgia, not rare. Differs from the preceding by the thorax being not dis-
tinctly transverse, less strongly toothed at the sides, with the anterior angles
acute, but very slightly produced ; by the stria of the elytra being less punc-
tured, and by the sides being almost perpendicular. The sexual characters are
as in the preceding.

3. B. truncatus Motschulsky, Bull. Mosc. 1845, 1, 92. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
1852, 364.

California (San Jose,) and Russian America (according to Motschulsky.) This
species has the thorax formed almost as in the preceding, the anterior angles being
a little more produced ; the elytra are, however, deeply striate, with the inter-
stices more rough with elevated punctures; they are also more strongly carinate
towards the side. The sexual characters as in the preceding species, but in ad-
dition, the elytra of the male are longer, and obliquely slightly sinuated at the
apex.

1854.] 77

Telephanus Er.

1. T. v el ox. Heterodromia velox Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 127. Psam-
machus (velox) Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 348. Telephanus atricapillits\ Er.
Ins. Deutschl. 329.

Middle, Southern and Western States, under stones and pieces of wood. This
species is named in Dr. Harris' collection, ie Orsodacna? pallida Say," which
name is quoted by Schaum (Bericht, &c, 1851) as having priority, but I have
not been able to find any description of the insect among Say's publications.

Silvanus Latr.

A. Thorax lateribus sexdentatis.

1. S. dentatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5,265. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
1852, 303. Lyctus dentatus Fabr. Ent. Syst. emend. 1, 2. 503; Syst. El. 2, 561.

Found, but not abundantly, throughout the United States, usually in rice,
sugar and other articles of commerce. According to Fabricius, it is found in
South America, and according to Mannerheim in Russian America.

2. S. surinamensis Steph. 111. Brit. Ent. Mandibulata, 3, 1 14.

For the synonyms of this common insect, see Erichson's Ins. Deutschl. 336.
It is now diffused over the whole globe in articles of commerce. Erichson adopts,
from Fabricius, the specific name frumentarius for it, but the oldest des-
cription is certainly that of Linnaeus. Of the descriptions by the older authors,
the chronological succession is as follows :

Dermestes surinamensis Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. 12mo reform. 1767) 2, 565.

Tenebrio surinamensis De Geer Mem Ins. (1775) 5, 54, tab. 13, fig. 12.

Colydium frumentarium Fabr. Ent. Syst. 62, (1775) id. emend. 1, 2, 496.

Dermestes sexdentatus Fabr. Ent. Syst. emend. (1792) 1, 232.

B. Thorax lateribus haud dentatus.

a. Caput pone oculos denticulo armatum.

3. S. b identa t u s, linearis, depressus, opacus ferrugineus. subpubescens,
thorace confertim punctulato, elongato, postice angustato, angulis anticis spino-
sis, lateribus crenulatis, dorso obsolete bisulcato. elytris punctato-striatis ; capite
pone oculos denticulato. Long. -12.

Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. 338.
Dermestes bidentatus Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 317.
Colydium sulcatum Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 555, (teste Erichson.)
A European species, which occurs in the Middle and Southern States. The
sides of the thorax are very slightly sinuous.

4. S. pi ana tus, linearis valde depressus, opacus, ferrugineus, subpubescens,
thorace confertim punctato, elongato, pone medium sinuatim angustato, angulis
anticis subspinosis, lateribus obsolete crenulatis, elytris confertim punctato-
striatis ; capite pone oculos denticulato. Long. *12.

Germar, Ins. Nov. 466.

Silvanus Zimmermanni Guerin, Icon. Regne An. 198.

Southern States and Nebraska. The outline of the thorax is slightly concave
before the middle, with the sides nearly parallel ; behind the middle ihey con-
verge, so that at the middle they form, a very obsolete angle ; the anterior angles
are hardly prominent, and the posterior ones are obtuse, but not rounded.

5. S. cognatus, linearis valde depressus, subnitidus ferrugineus, subpubes-
cens, thorace confertim punctato, obsoletius in disco, elongato, ab apice sensim
angustato, lateribus crenulatis fere rectis, angulis anticis acutis parum productis,
elytris punctato-striatis ; capite pone oculos denticulato. Long. -10.

Southern States ; closely resembles the preceding, but the sides of the thorax
are straight, and the anterior angles, though short, are more acute ; the posterior
angles are obtuse.

b. Caput pone oculos haud denticulatum.

6. S, i m b e 1 1 i s, linearis, depressus, fere opacus, ferrugineus subpubesceus^

78 [May,

thorace confertim subtilius punctato, linea dorsali obsoleta laevi, elongato, ab
apice angustato, lateribus parum rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis, non productis,
elytris confertim punctato-striatis. Long. 11.

Georgia. This species has the elongate form and brown color of those of the
preceding division, but is easily distinguished by the absence of the little tooth
behind the eye. The posterior angles of the thorax are obtuse.

7. S. n iti d u lus, linearis, valde depressus, testaceus, nitidus subpubescens,
thorace parcius subtiliter punctulato, latitudine longiore, pone medium angus-
tato, angulis anticis acutis, haud productis, elytris subtilius seriatim punctatis.
Long. '08.

Colorado River, California, under poplar bark. The sides of the thorax are
almost parallel anteriorly, and subangulated at the middle ; the anterior angles
are scarcely prominent, and the posterior ones are obtuse. The disc is marked
with two faint longitudinal impressions connected at the base. The elytra are
not wider than the head, and the rows of punctures become obsolete towards
the tip. The head is as broad as the thorax, flattened and finely but not densely
punctulate.

8. S. o p a c u 1 u s, linearis, depressus, rufo-testaceus, opacus, pubescens, tho-
race latitudine non longiore, quadrato, angulis omnibus prominulis, lateribus
crenulatis fere rectis, confertissime punctato, dorso obsolete bisulcato, elytris
subtiliter dense punctato-striatis. Long. *07.

Colorado River, California, under bark. From the next species it differs by
its more elongate and depressed body, and the coarser punctuation of the head
and thorax.

9. S. rectus, elongatus, subdepressus, testaceus, opacus, subpubescens,
thorace latitudine subbreviore, quadrato, angulis omnibus rectis, lateribus rectis
subcrenatis, confertim punctulato, elytris punctato-striatis. Long. *07.

One specimen from Illinois, Mr. Willcox. The punctures of the head and
thorax are very fine ; the strias of the elytra are more distant than in any of the
preceding species. The specimen is not in very good condition, but I think that
there can be no doubt of the propriety of referring it to this genus.

10. S. quad rico His, linearis, subdepressus, rufo-testaceus, nitidulus, sub-
pubescens, thorace sat dense punctulato, linea dorsali sublaevi, latitudine sublon-
giore, lateribus parallelis subsinuatis, angulis anticis rectis, posticis subobtusis,
basi rotundata, elytris thorace non latioribus punctulatis, punctisque vix maiori
bus seriatis impressis. Long. -ll.

Guerin, Icon. Regne An. 198.

Georgia. My specimens are not in good condition, but present all the cha-
racters of this genus, except that in the only antenna now remaining the 10th
and llth joints appear closely united.

11. S. advena, elongatus, rufo-testaceus, subnitidus pubescens, thorace
punctulato, transversim quadrato, lateribus paulo rotundatis, angulis anticis dila-
tatis, posticis rectis, basi sinuata, elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis ; antennarum
articulo 9no sequente minore. Long. -06 '07.

Erichson, Ins. Deutsch. 339. Redtenbacher, Kafer Oesterr, 778.

Crtjptophagus advena Waltl, Silberm. Rev. Ent. 2, 256.
' Latridius mil s ceo rum Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 270.

Abundant throughout the United States, in articles of commerce, herbaria,
&c. This species, although placed by several entomologists in the present genus,
has so much the form of Paramecosoma, that any person would be tempted to
refer it to that genus. The first joint of the abdomen is not longer than the
second, and therefore, according to Erichson's definition, it would be excluded
from the family of Cryptophagides.

In this essay must be included the description of a remarkable insect, of which
my unique specimen is in such a bad condition, that I am unable to determine
whether it should be referred to any described genus, or even to indicate its po-
sition in the group ; from its specific characters, I suspect a relation with Pedi-

1854.] 79

acus, but the size of the eyes and the form of the thorax are very different. I
retain for it the name which appears in Dejean's Catalogue.

Nemicelus marginipennis, linearis, valde elongatus et depressus, pallide
testaceus nitidus, capite cum oculis ma<rnis thorace latiore, hoc latitudine fere
duplo loniiiore, lateribus antice rotundatis, postice subsinuatis, pone medium an-
gustato, disco punctulato, fovea utrinque prope basin profunda impresso, elytris
punctulatis vix striatis, margine laterali nigricante, apice truncatis. Long. *20.

Georgia. The antennae are longer than the head and thorax, with turbinate
joints, gradually increasing in size ; the first joint is thickened, and is longer
than the two following united. The last joint of the maxillary palpi is larger
than the penultimate and apparently acute at tip. The angles of the thorax are
all rounded ; the posterior foveae are oblong, slightly oblique, and about as far
from the sides as from the base.

Notice of some Coleopterous Insects, from the Collections of the Mexican Boun-
dary Commission.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

This paper includes descriptions of some new species contained in collections
received from the Boundary Commission immediately before the completion of
the survey, and with the collections previously made by the active and enter-
prising naturalists attached to the expedition, will enable a moderately full
Coleopterous Fauna of the lower Rio Grande to be prepared.

Of the species noted below, some were collected between Laredo and Ring-
cold barracks, by Messrs. Schott and Weise, under the command of Major Emory.
Those from Frontera, Rio Grande, were collected by Mr. J. D. Clark, under Major
Graham : a few others were obtained by Mr. Clark at San Antonio, in Texas.
Some very interesting species from Fort Union, New Mexico, collected by Major
Sibley, are also added, although not belonging properly to the Boundary fauna:
and one from Dr. Cooper's collection in Oregon, which was omitted in my de-
scription of his species.

Cicindela punc tul ata and albohir ta. Frontera; Mr. Clark.

Cicindela 16-punctata Klug. Jahrb. 32. Frontera; Mr. Clark. This
species resembles very closely C. Hentzii, nor does there appear in Klug's de-
scription any character which would separate it from that species. The law of
representative forms is abundantly exemplified in the species of this genus, and
much careful investigation will be necessary to determine what are well defined
limits of the species.

C. bland a? A species closely resembling this was also found by Mr. Clark
at Frontera.

Pasimachus costifer, niger, nitidus; thoracis elytrisque marginibus cyanes-
centibus, illo postice angustato, lateribus postice sinuatis angulis posticis rectis,
his modice convexis, laevibus, carina humerali postice obsolete continuata, cos-
taque submarginali acuta utrinque paulo abbreviata ornatis : antennarum arti-
culis 2 et 3 compressis. Long 1-05 1-2.

Dr. Weise, Laredo to Ringgold Barracks. This species has the same form
as P. depressus and pnnctulatus, but the sharply elevated costa between the
margin and the obsoletely prolonged humeral carina will readily distinguish it,
The mandibles are slightly rugous.

Harpalus i m p i ge r, niger, nitidus, elongatus, thorace latitudine paulo bre-
viore, paulo convexo, postice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angustemarginatis,
basi subemarginata punctulata, utrinque subimpressa, angulis posticis obtusis
non rotundatis, elytris thorace vix latioribus, profunde striatis, unipunctatis, apice
sinuatis, antennis palpis pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. '52 G5.

Santa Fe, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler : Frontera, Mr. Clark. This species is
comparatively almost as elongated as H. erraticus, but the thorax is more

80 [May,

narrowed posteriorly, the lateral margin is narrower, and the elytra of the female
are not toothed near the apex : the posterior angles of the thorax are slightly
prominent, and almost rectangular.

Phileurus cribrosus, ater, nitidus, convexus, clypeo marginato apice acute
elevato, ante oculos transversim carinato, thorace transverso, parcius punctato,
pone medium canalieulato, elytris punctis grossis seriatim positis. Long. -52.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks; Mr. Weise. This curious little species seems
to have most affinity with those of Burmeisters division {& (2)) ;* the anterior
tibia? have three large external teeth, the mandibles are without any prominent
external tooth, and the elytra without any short series of punctures near the
scutellum. It differs, however, from all those described by Burmeister in hav-
ing in place of the two usual frontal tubercles a transverse ridge, scarcely emar-
ginate at the middle. The prosternal prominence is small, acute and densely
pilose.

At Vallecitas, in California, I found the elytra and thorax of a species which
seems on comparison very similar to the specimen found by Mr. Weise, but be-
longs to a section of the genus having a short stria at the base of the elytra, be-
tween the first and second stria: the punctures of the elytra are more closely
set, so as to form striae ; the thorax is more densely punctured anteriorly, and
almost smooth posteriorly : the dorsal channel extends almost to the apex, but is
not deep, and finally the anterior tibiae above the three long teeth have an indis-
tinct prominence representing a fourth tooth. The length was about '65 of an
inch. The species may be called P. i 1 1 a t u s.

Athyreus ser r a tu s, ferrugineus, nitidus, clypeo antice truncato elevato,
vertice transversim elevato, thorace lateribus rotundatis serrulatis, antice valde
declivi, et medio late impresso, carinis utrinque duabus obliquis munito, apice
valde marginato, elytris tenuiter striato-punctatis, antennis flavis. Long. -54.

One specimen, Laredo to Ringgold Barracks. The head is finely scabrous ;
the clypeus is truncate and perpendicular at the apex, which forms a subtrian-
gular facet; each side above the eye commences an elevated line, which runs for-
ward to the angle of the lateral emargination of the clypeus, then in a curve
runs to the apex, where it unites with the elevated edge of the triangular facet
above mentioned : the vertical horn is very short and transverse. The thorax
is sparsely punctulate, with a few large punctures along the middle, and in the
concavities: each side at the middle is a broad transverse sulcus, limited ante-
riorly by an elevated line ; anterior to this the disc is very declivous, with the
anterior margin strongly elevated; at the middle of this declivous face is a shal-
low impression, and again each side a deeper excavation, between which and
the first mentioned elevated line is a strong somewhat oblique elevated ridge :
the sides are regularly rounded and serrate, the anterior angles are acute. The
striae of the elytra are fine and moderately punctured ; the interstices are very
sparsely punctulate. The under surface and the legs are furnished with long
yellow hairs.

Although this is the first authentic appearance of the genus Athyreus in our
fauna, I find on comparison that Bolbocerus fossatus Hald. (Proc. Acad. 6,
362,) and Scarabaeus ferrugineus Beauv. (Ins. 90, tab. 2b, fig. 3,) also be-
long here; the middle coxa? in both of those species are separated, and the meso-
sternum is somewhat elevated, acutely margined at the sides and declivous ante-
riorly. In his beautiful monograph of Athyreus, Klug suggests that the species
of Beauvois just mentioned belongs to this genus, although in the absence of
specimens for examination, this opinion could not be confirmed.

Anomala luteipennis, ovata nigra virescens, nitida, supra glabra, thorace
lateribus rotundato, sat dense punctato, capite densius rugoso, postice punctato,
elytris luteis, striis punctatis sutura epipleurisque anguste nigricantibus, pygidio
parcius sat grosse punctato antennis testaceis. Long. -47 52.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Sehott. One specimen has a small black

*Lamellicornia, 3, 151.

1854.] 81

spot on each elytron on the first smooth interstice about the middle : the meso-
sternum is not prominent : the club of the antennae in all the specimens is as
long as the remaining portion. A nearly allied species from Wisconsin, given
me by Mr. Guex, may be thus described.

A. marginella, ovata nigra virescens, nitida supra glabra, capite densius
rugoso, postice punctato, thorace lateribus subansjulato, punctato, elytris pallide
testaceis, striis punctatis, sutura, margine, lineola humerali, guttaque utrinque
dorsali ad medium nigris, pygidio confertim subtiliter rugoso, opaco, antennis
testaceis, (lamella % longiore). Long. -4 -45.

Helichus ae qua lis, fuscus aequaliter pubescens, subtiliter punctatus,
thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus vix rotundatis, fere parallelis : elytris vix
obsolete striatis. Long. *18.

One specimen, Frontera (Rio Grande), Mr. Clark. This species differs from
H. lithophilus, by the thorax being longer, and scarcely narrowed anteriorly,
and by the fine punctures of thorax and elytra being very distinct: the striae of the
latter can hardly be traced. Its characters approach most closely to H. Gilensis
Lee. (Pro. Acad. 6, 43), a species of a broader form, and with very distinct lines
of punctures upon the elytra.

Cymatodera b al t e at a, testacea, parce pilosa, capite thoraceque dense punc-
tatis fusco-piceis, hoc latitudine fere duplo longiore, subcylindrico, postice sub-
angustato antice transversim impresso, lateribus subsinuatis, elytris punctis
quadratis magnis seriatis postice minoribus, interstitiis parce punctatis ; gutta
utrinque ad quadrantem, fascia lata pone medium, alteraque angustissima sub-
apicali nigro-piceis, antennis capite thoraceque vix longioribus fusco-testaceis.
Long. 41.

One specimen, Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Schott. The general form
and appearance is that of C undulata, but the thorax is not constricted poste-
riorly and is less sinuate on the sides, and the punctures of the elytra are much
larger.

Cymatodera c a nc el 1 at a, fusco-picea, parce pubescens, capite thoraceque
dense punctulatis, hoc latitudine sesqui longiore, pone medium subito fere duplo
angustiore, ante medium transversim impresso, lateribus antice parallelis, postice
sinuatis, elytris punctis magnis quadratis seriatis postice vix minoribus, inter-
stitiis angustis parce punctulatis, antennis capite thoraceque paulo longioribus,
extrorsum paulo incrassatis, articulis turbinatis, ultimo longiore cylindrico.
Long. *38.

One specimen found with the preceding. Remarkable for the strange form of
the antennas, and for the sudden narrowing of the thorax behind the middle :
there is however, no posterior transverse impression, except the constriction in
the sides : the middle of the base is slightly elevated and marked with an oblong
fovea. It is closely related to C. brunnea Mels., but is smaller, with the thorax
much more narrowed behind.

Elaphidion t a e n i a t u m, fuseo-piceum, tenuiter fusco-pubescens, thorace
latitudine vix breviore, lateribus rotundato, dense punctato, callis dorsalibus
minus distinctis, punctoque laterali albo notato, elytris thorace paulo latioribus,
antice grossius punctatis macula parva basali, alteraque transversa irregulari ad
medium albo-pubescentibus, apice truncato, breviter bispinoso : antennis (?)
corpore brevioribus, articulis 3 6 apice breviter unispinosis. Long. -95.

One specimen, Mr. Schott. In form resembles E. atomarium, but is not quite
so robust: the thorax is scabrous with large punctures, the dorsal callosities are,
as usual, three in number, one medial elongated, the others each side in front of
the middle. The head around and between the eyes is densely pubescent with
whitish hair : the elytra are moderately shining, the punctures are not very
dense and become very small towards the apex. The thighs are not armed.

Elaphidion t e n u e, nigro-piceum, valde elongatum, lineare, aequaliter longius
cinereo pilosum, thorace subcylindrico, latitudine fere sesqui longiore, lateribus
parum rotundato, sat dense punctato, callo elongato dorsali notato, elytris punc-

82 [May,

tatis, punctis postice subtilioribus, apice emarginatis at vix armatis, antennarum
articulo 3io spina longissima armato. Long. *56 .65.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Schott. Remarkable for its very slender
form, in which it almost equals E. unicolor, (Stenoc. unicolor Randall) : the
fourth joint of the antennas is armed with a very minute spine : the following
joints are unarmed, as are the femora: the spine of the third joint extends two-
thirds the length of the fourth joint. The elytra are truncate at tip, but the
truncate part is slightly emarginate, in such manner that the angles become a
little prominent. The antennae of the male are longer, those of the female
shorter than the body.

Oncideres pustulatus, niger, pube brevi fusca dense vestitus, thorace bre-
vissimo, spina laterali acuta armato, lineaque transversa subundulata denudata
ornato, elytris guttis sparsis denudatis nitidis, versus humerostuberculiformibus
ornatis. Long. '15.

Laredo, Mr. Schott. The anterior spots of the elytra are elevated, those be-
hind the middle are flat.

Aedilis spectabilis, niger, subtiliter dense cinereo-fuscoque pubescens,
thorace fusco maculis albis confluentibus utrinque ornatis, elytris basi fasciisque
tribus undulatis obliquis fuscis (intermedia latiore), pedibus fusco annulatis,
antennis longissimis cinereis, articulis 1 5 apice fuscis, 5to fasciculo apicali
interno recurvato ornato. Long. *91.

Fort Union, Major Sibley. The first five joints of the antennae are densely
clothed beneath with fine short erect hair : the apex of the fourth joint is hardly
thickened, but at the apex of the fifth joint is an internal brush of long yellowish
hairs, w T hich are recurved, so as to form a hooked prominence. The form of the
thorax in this species is quite different from A. nodosus, and is more similar to
Monohammus, the spine being perpendicular, and the disc more cylindrical : it
ought probably to form a new genus, but as the arrangement of the genera of
Longicorns is still very unsatisfactory, it is needless for the present to separate
species that are obviously allied.

Ulochcstes Lee. (Cerambyci Lepturidae.)

Caput deflexum, fronte quadrata, perpendiculari, pone oculos subito, at parum
constrictum: oculi emarginati; antennas inter oculos pone medium insertas ; palpi
breves articulis turbinatis subasqualibus ; antennae corpore duplo breviores, arti-
culis 3 et 4 coniunctis 4to aequalibus : thorax transversus lateribus et dorso acute
tuberculatus, densissime pilosus ; elytra abbreviata, scabra, apice subacute ro-
tundata, humeris valde elevatis. Tarsi posteriores articulo lmo sequentibus
coniunctis oeqnali. Alae abdomine longiores, rectae.

1. U. leoninus, niger, capite griseo-pubescente, thorace antrorsum angus-
tato densissime longe griseo-piloso, antice valde transversim impresso, postice
paulo constricto, elytris cpacis apice late testaceis, tibiis testaceis, apice nigris ;
antennis basi obscure testaceis, alis fuliginosis. Long. 96 ; lat. '33.

Prairie Paso, Oregon, Dr. Cooper. This very .fine insect seems allied to
Necydalis ; it differs, however, by its less constricted neck, and by the propor-
tions of the joints of the antennae, also by its stouter form : the elytra diverge
more posteriorly, showing a tendency towards a subulate form. The scutel is
smooth and shining, with the sides hairy : the pectus is thinly clothed with gray-
ish hairs.

Mallodon serrulatus, piceo-niger, nitidus capite antice parcius, pone ocu-
los den-ius punctato, genis subacutis, thorace transverso, lateribus scabro et in-
sequali disco subtilius parce punctato, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus rectis
serrulatis, versus angulos posticos paulo refiexis, elytris disperse subtilius punc-
tatis. Long. 2-3.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Weise. Resembles closely M. c i 1 ip e s
Hald., but the sides of the thorax are less serrate, and less reflexed: the disc is
also less convex, the mandibles are not elongated, but thick, and emarginate at
the end; those of the male of M. cilipes are similar in form.

1854.J 81

Bnprestis sp h e n i cu s, nigro-aeneus, elongatus convexus breuissime parce
pubescens, capite thoraceque punctis inauratis, hoc latitudine sesqui breviore,
antice paulo angustato lateribus late rotundatis, basi media late rotundata utrin-
que sinuata, angulis posticis acutis, elytris a basi angustatis postice subacutis
et serrulatis, subtiliter striato-punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis, basi flavo
pilosis, abdomine lateribus maculis triangularibus flavo-pilosis ornato. Long.
751-0.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks. Mr. Schott. The arrangement of Buprestidae
is at present in such confusion, that I am unable, by the books, to determine the
proper reference of this species. Generic characters of much importance in this
family have been lost sight of in the arrangements proposed, and a thorough re-
vision is necessary. This particular species has for generic characters : clypeus
broadly but regularly emarginate ; the antennae inserted under a strongly elevated
line which runs obliquely towards the emargination of the clypeus ; the labrum
emarginate; the mentum rounded anteriorly; the scutel small, transverse and
rounded : coxal plates much but gradually dilated internally : rnesosternum di-
vided, with the portions entirely connate with the metasternum : palpi almost
cylindrical, with subequal joints : anus very slightly emarginate : tarsi with the
joints 1 4 broadly lobed, the lobe of the fourth joint rounded : the basal joint of
the posterior tarsi very little longer than the second: the mandible are thick,
short and obtuse.

Buprestis a m b i e n s, laete viridis, aenescens, elongatus minus convexus, capite
valde rujjosoet punctato, oculis mediocribus, thorace latitudine breviore punctato
lateribus rotundatis, flavo-marginatis, basi fere recte truncata, fovea ad medium
alteraque utrinque ad angulos notata, elytris basi coniunctim subemarginatis, hu-
meris acutis, lateribus flavo-marginatis, parallelis a dodrante angustatis, apice
truncatis, sat profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, parce punc-
tulatis. Long. *68.

Frontera (Rio Grande), Mr. Clarke. Although having very much the form of
Anthaxia, this species differs considerably in its generic characters ; the an-
tennre palpi and feet are unfortunately wanting, but the following marks will
enable the genus to be recognized :

The antennae are near the eyes, (which are moderate in size) and are inserted
on the front : behind the insertion is a deep fovea, at the bottom of which is a
round shining tubercle* (as in Dicerca) ; the clypeus is very broadly emarginate
in the arc of a circle, (labrum wanting) ; the mandibles are short, thick and ob-
liquely truncate; the mentum is broaci and rounded anteriorly; the rnesosternum
firmly connate with the metasternum; the posterior coxal plates with the poste-
rior outline concave so as to form an internal tooth; anus not emarginate ; scutel
very small, subtriangular.

The yellow margin of the thorax is posteriorly separated from the disc by an
impressed line : the yellow of the elytra is slightly dilated behind the humerus
nd again about the middle.

Phaenops m i r a nd u s, niger, aenescens subtiliter dense punctulatus, capite
guttis 5 politis, circulo positis, thorace guttis 4 anticis (intermediis maioribus)
alteraque utrinque pone medium, lineaque dorsali postica nitidis Icevigatis ; ely-
tris margine basique tenuiter rubris, lineiscue fiavis decussatis oinatis.
Long. 65.

Fort Union, New Mexico, Major Sibley. This beautiful species is nearly of
the same form as our common black P. longipes, but is less acute posterior-
ly : the yellow lines of the elytra are arranged so as to include the following
spots : a large common triangular one at the scutel, separated from the base by
the red margin ; an elongated lateral spot extending from behind the humerus to
two-fifths the length: a large common rhomboidal spot on the suture, extending
from the second to the fourth fifth of the length : immediately opposite the ex-
ternal angle of the rhomboid, a small submarginal black dot , finally a large api-
cal blotch ; separated from the rhomboid by a narrow yellow line, and from the
margin by the red marginal line above mentioned. The yellow stripes which
bound the anterior faces of the rhomboid are considerably broader than the

*Is this an ocellus, or a tympanum ?

84 [May,

others. The under surface is of a uniform black bronze color, and densely
punctured.

Eusattus puberulus, infiatus niger, subopacus, parce breviter flavo-pubes-
cens, elytris parcius punctatis, lineisque elevatis duabus obsoletis notatis ; tho-
racis angulis posticis acutis modice productis, tibiis anticis extus usque ad
medium serrulatis, apice valde productis. Long. '34.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Weise. The sides of the thorax are strongly
margined, and furnished with long hairs : the base and apex are ciliate as usual
with short bristles: the disc is entirely without punctures: the slightly elevated
lines of the elytra in one specimen can hardly be observed.

Asbolus ? infaustus, parum convexus, niger, subnitidus, capite parce
punctato, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus rotundatis, postice brevi-
ter sinuatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis rectis, basi truncata, parce in disco
obsolete punctato, elytris ovalibus thorace paulo latioribus, postice valde decli-
vibus, disco punctis, lateribus apiceque tuberculis subelevatis subseriatis notatis.
Long. -83.

One specimen, Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Weise. This species agrees
in its characters very closely with the two California species described in the
Annals of the Lyceum of New York, (5, 129) the mentum is however more flat-
tened, slightly carinate at base, and impressed anteriorly ; the antennas are less
slender, and the joints are more distant, and the last joint is not truncate, but
oval and pointed, and but little smaller than the tenth joint. A close affinity to
Centrioptera is also seen, but that genus has less produced prosternum, and" the
mentum is not emarginate.

Allecula soc ia, picea fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine duplo breviore,
parce punctato, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis fere
rectis, elytris profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, punctatis.
Long. *45.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Schott. Closely related to A. punctulata
Mels., but w T ith a broader thorax: as in that species the eyes are large and
moderately distant, the third joint of the antennae equal to the fourth, and the
penultimate joint of all the tarsi lobed.

Meloe s u b 1 a e v i s, cyaneo-niger, fere opacus, capite thoraceque parce sub-
tiliter punctulatis, hoc quadrato, postice subangustato, angulis omnibus rotunda-
tis, disco subdepresso, foveis duabus ante medium impresso, elytris subtiliter
daedaleo-rugosis, antennis sensim paulo incrassatis. Long. -65.

Fort Union, New Mexico, Major Sibley. Probably a female : the antennae are
not filiform as in M. angusticollis Say, nor thicker in the middle as in M. im-
pressus Klrly, but are very gradually thickened to the end : the third joint is
not longer than the fourth, and is about twice the size of the second. The inner
spur of the posterior tibiae is acute, the outer one is larger, concave and obtuse.
This species approaches the Western American M. strigulosus Mann., but the
thorax is not so much elongated, the sides are nearly straight, and the base less
emarginate.

Lytta cos tat a, valde elongata, nigra, dense cinereo-pubescens, capite linea
nigra impressa, thorace latitudine sesqui longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus
late rotundato, linea nigra dorsali impressa, elytris sutura margine, costisque 4
elevatis ornatis, externa antice paulo abbreviatis, tarsis antennisque nigris.
Long. "65.

One specimen, Frontera, (Rio Grande) Mr. Clark. The antennae are slender
and filiform : the first joint is equal in length to the third ; the second is about one
half as long; from the third the joints diminish gradually in length : the inner
spur of the posterior tibiae is acute, the outer one is broader, obtuse and con-
cave. The labrum is slightly emarginate. It belongs in division (B g.) of
Proc. Acad. 6, 331.

Lytta luteicornis, nigra dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine
longiore lateribus antice rotundatis, disco lineolis duabus nigris saepius ornato,

1854.] 85

lateribus fere parallelis, elytris thorace fere duplolatioribus ; tibiis apice tarsis-
que nigris, palpis, labro, clypeo, antennisque luteo-testaceis, his extrorsum ob-
scuri6. Long. *85 95.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Weise. In the male, the first joint of the
antennae is as long as the head, compressed, and angulated externally beyond the
middle but very slightly curved : the second joint is one half larger than the
third. In the female the first joint extends to the posterior margin of the eye,
and the second joint is about equal to the third. This species is allied to L. longi-
collis Lee. but the color of the cephalic organs, and the sexual characters distin-
guish it at first sight.

Zonitis rufa, pallide rufa, breviter pubescens, capite modice, thorace parcius
punctato, hoc latitudine fere longiore, nitido subcanaliculato, lateribus antice ro-
tundatis, elytris dense rugose punctatis, pedibus ore antennisque nigris.
Long. -27.

One specimen, Frontera, (Rio Grande) Mr. Clark. This species has very
much the appearance of a small Nemognatha, but the maxillae are not elongated:
the spurs of the posterior tibiae are broad, the outer one obtuse, the inner one
subacute. The second joint of the antennae is two-thirds as large as the third.

Tanymecus lautus, niger, parcius cinereo-squamulosus, capite punctato
canaliculato, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus parallelis apice rotun-
datis, parcius grosse punctato, disco subcanaliculato, postice fovea lata excavato,
elytris thorace latioribus humeris obtuse angulatis, apice valde declivi, punctis
seriatis maiusculis impressis, interstitiis alutaceis. Long. -46.

One specimen, Frontera, (Rio Grande) Mr. Clark. The largest species I have
seen within our Territories.

Notice of a new species of Salmo??idcB, from the north-eastern part of the

United States.

By Charles Gieard.

The body of the male is subfusiform and rather slender, particularly the caudal
region ; the head being regularly subconical and contained five times in the total
length. The maxillaries are gently curved, extending backwards to about the
posterior margin of the orbit. The female is stouter, with the peduncle of the tail
shorter ; the head has the same general shape, but is not contained five times in
the total length. The maxillaries are less curved, but extend as far backwards
as in the male. The eye is very large ; its diameter being contained nearly five
times in the length of side of head. The caudal is deeply emarginated posteriorly,
giving to it a more forked appearance than in either Salmo oquassa or Salmo
sebago. The adipose fin, in the male, is situated opposite the anterior margin of
the anal, whilst in the female it corresponds to the posterior margin of the same
fin.

The scales are well developed, being somewhat smaller, however, than in
Salmo sebago, and considerably larger than in either Salmo oquassa or Salmo
erythrogaster. On the dorsal and ventral regions they are considerably smaller
than upon the sides and along the peduncle of the tail. They extend, diminish-
ing in size, over nearly the half of the length of the middle rays of the caudal fin.
The lateral line takes an almost straight course along the middle region of the
flanks. The following is an approximate formula of the rays of the fins:

D 3. 12. A 1. 9. C 8. I. 8. 9. I. 5. V 1. 9. P 14.

There are two anterior rudimentary rays to the dorsal, one or two to the anal,
one to the ventrals, eight or ten to the upper lobe of the caudal, and five or six
to the inferior lobe.

The uppnr surface of head and dorsal region are blackish brown; the sides are
silvery white, and the belly yellowish. The region above the lateral line is
densely spread all over with black irregular spots, some of which are confluent;
a few scattered ones may be seen beneath that line upon the middle of the abdo-
men. Four to six of these spots, w r ell defined, are always observed on the oper-

8

86 [May,

culum, one of which may occasionally reach the preoperculum. A few reddish
orange dots, individually situated in the middle of a black spot, are occasionally
observed along the middle and upper part of the flanks. Whether these dots are
peculiar to the female or proper to both sexes, I am not prepared to say, from
want of sufficient information, upon that point.

This species was first brought to my notice by M. Townend Glover, of Fish-
ki'i Landing, Dutchess Co., New York, who caught it in the upper affluent of
Union river, in the State of Maine, during the middle of September. I propose
for it the name of Salmo gloverii, as a token of gratitude towards an artist whose
labors, if promoted, would contribute so much to popularize natural history, and
spread its benefits throughout the country.

A list of the North American Bufonids, with Diagnoses of New Species*

By Charles Girard.

1. Bufo americanus, Le Conte MS. Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. 1842, 17,
pi. iv.

Inhabits the Atlantic States, from Maine to Virginia, extending through the
mountainous regions of the Carolinas into the valley of the Mississippi. It is
likewise found in the North Western States and Canada.

2. Bufo lentiginosis, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp v. 1842, 7, pi. i. Rana
le7itigi?wsa, Shaw, Gen. Zool. iii. 1, 1803. 173. PI. liii. Bufo erythronotus ,
Holbr. Ibid. 11. PI. ii.

Ranges along the sea coast, from South Carolina to Florida, and following the
gulf through Alabama and Mississippi. Scattered individuals are met with
across the mountains to South Carolina.

Bufo ctythrojiotus does not appear to us different from B. lentiginosus^ since
color alone cannot be taken as an exclusive guide amongst the bufonids.

3. Bufo woodhousii, Girard. Bufo dorsalis, Hallow, (non Spix). Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vi. 1852, 181 ; and in Sit.greaves Exped. Ziini and Color.
Rivers, 1853, 142. PI. xix. Head short and thick; upper central surface but
little depressed, not to say grooved ; the suborbital ridge being slightly elevated.
The occipito-temporal ridge is thicker, and hence a little more conspicuous.
Snout rounded, nostrils terminal. Mouth wide, upper jaw emarginated. Tym-
panum and parotids of moderate size. Limbs rather short and stout. First
finger much longer than the second. A large metacarpal disk. Toes semipal-
mated. Two metatarsal tubercles, a very large and a very small one. No
membranous fold at the inner lower edge of the tarsus. Papillae of medium
size upon the back. Inferior surface, with rather small and crowded granular
warts. Above dark brown, with numerous lines of yellow. A dorsal yellowish
vitta running the whole length of the body. Transverse blotches of black upon
the thighs and fore arms. Beneath ochraceus.

The affinities of this species are intermediate between B. americaims and B.
lentiginoses. Its geographic range appears to be New Mexico, having so far
been found in the province of Sonora, and in the San Francisco mountains.

4. Bufo cognatus, Say, in Long's Exped. to Rocky Mts. ii, 1823, 190.
Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. 1842, 21. PI. v. B. and G. in Marcy's Expl. Red
Riv. La. 1853. 242. Zool. PI. xi.

A very characteristic species in the structure of the upper surface of head.
Found in the territory of Nebraska, and southwards as far as the province of
Coahuila, Mex.

5. Bufo speciosus, Girard. Head moderate ; its upper surface smooth and
even, or with slight traces of ridges or carinae. Snout subtruncated and rounded;
nostrils subterminal. Mouth large, upper jaw slightly emarginated. Tongue

* Specimens upon which these descriptions are based, are preserved in the
museum of the Smithsonian Institution, at Washington.

1854.]

87

small, elongate, posteriorly free for the fourth of its length. A subgulav vocal
bladder. Tympanum of medium size. Parotids subovoid, of stoutish appear-
ance. Limbs of moderate development. First finger much longer than the
second, which is equal to the fourth. A large subcircular metacarpal disk.
Toes semipalmated. Two metatarsal spade-shaped processes, the innermost
being much the largest. A membranous fold at the inner lower margin of tar-
sus. Skin above covered with papillae of moderate development, and with small
warts beneath. Color above greenish brown, maculated: no dorsal lighter
vitta. Beneath, greenish or yellowish white, unicolor.

Allied to B. woodhousii, differing, however, in the form and development of
the metatarsal processes. It appears to inhabit the valley of the Rio Bravo
(Rio Grand del Norte), and to be not uncommon in the province of New Leon.

6. Bufo punctatus, B. and G. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vi. 1852, 173.

A very marked species in the shape and structure of the head. Hitherto
found in the valley of the Devil's river (Rio San Pedro, of Rio Grande), and in
the province of Coahuila, Mex.

7. Bufo debilis, Girard. Upper surface of head without any crest or ridge.
Snout rounded. Mouth moderate. Upper jaw emarginated. Tongue small.
Tympanum small. Parotids moderate and elongated. Limbs of moderate de-
velopment, femur shorter than tibia. First finger longer than the second. A
large metacarpal disk. Toes slightly united at base by a web. Two metatar-
sal processes. No membranous fold at the inner lower margin of the tarsus.
Skin above pustulous; pustules of moderate development; warts beneath
very small. Color above brownish yellow, spotted. No dorsal lighter vitta.
Beneath of a uniform soiled yellow.

Allied to B. speciosus ; found in the lower part of the valley of the Rio
Bravo ^Rio Grande del Norte), and in the province of Tamaulipas.

8. Bufo nebulifer, Girard Bufo granulosus, B. and G. (non Spix). Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vi. 1852, 173.

This species is strongly suggestive of B. mariuus, Schn. (B. agna Daud) ; it
is, however, easily distinguished from it upon a comparison of individuals of
both species. It inhabits Texas, the valley of the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande del
Norte), the provinces of Tamaulipas and New Leon, Mexico.

9. Bufo columbiensis, B. and G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vi. 1853,
378.

This is possibly the largest species of North American toads; it is common in
the valley of the Columbia River, Oregon Territory, where it was first observed
by the naturalists of the U. S. Exploring Expedition under Capt. C. Wilkes.

10. Bufo boreas, B. and G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Philad. vi. 1852, 311.

So far the most northern bufonid ; it is not uncommon about Puget Sound,
where it was collected many years ago by the naturalists of the U. S. Explor-
ing Expedition.

11. Bufo halophila, B. and G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vi. 1853,
311.

Since this species was first described an adult individual has been secured,
which has enabled me to give the following diagnosis :

Upper surface of head without either crests or grooves. Skin thick and adhering
to skull. Snout rounded. Parotids of medium size. Ryes moderate. Tym-
panum small. Tongue lanceolated, bro.idest posteriorly. Upper jaw emargi-
nated. Inner finger longer than the second. Two metacarpal disks. A mem-
branous fold along the tarsus. Toes semipalmated ; two metatarsal tubercles.
A narrow yellowish dorsal vitta. Ground color greenish yellow, with nume-
rous black spots and dots, distributed all over the upper parts and sides of body,
head and limbs. Beneath unicolor of a dingy yellow.

Inhabits the western coast, frequenting the sea margin ; hitherto observed
only in California.

88 [June,

12. Bufo quercinus, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. 1842, 13. PI. iii.

This quite small species appears to be restricted to very narrow geographical
limits, having so far been found only in the neighborhood of Charleston, S. C.

13. Bufo insidior, Girard. Upper surface of head plane and smooth. Snout
subacute, protruding. Mouth moderate, upper jaw slightly emarginated.
Tongue elongated, tapering towards both ends. Tympanum inconspicuous.
Parotids large and elongated, situated obliquely upon the shoulder. Limbs
moderate. First finger equal to the second in length. A metacarpal disk, and
a tubercle. Toes slightly webbed at base. Two metatarsal tubercles. Skin
papillous above, warty beneath. Above of a bluish slate hue, with black
markings. Beneath unicolor, dingy yellow.

Small specimens, perhaps immature, were collected in Chihuahua by Dr.
Thos. H. Webb, attached to Comm. Bartlett's party in the survey of the U.
S. and Mex. boundary line.

14. Engystoma carolinense, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. First ed. i. 1836?
83. PI. xi., and 2d ed. v. 1842, 23. PL vi. Dum. and B. Erp. gen. viii.,
1841, 743.

Found in South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi.

15. Engystoma rugosum, Dum. and B. Erp. gen. viii., 1841, 744.

Said to occur in the same regions as the preceding species. Have never ob-
served it, and therefore cannot endorse it as a North American species.

The following amendments to the By-Laws were adopted :

Chapter viii., Art. 1. No specimen of Natural History contained
in the collections of the Academy shall be loaned from the Hall, under
any pretence, or for any purpose whatever.

Chapter xii., Art. 2. Every proposition to alter or amend these
By-laws shall be submitted, in writing, at a meeting for business, and
if adopted by the affirmative votes of two thirds of the members pre-
sent, it shall be read at the meeting for business next succeeding ; and
then, if adopted by the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the members
present, it shall be again read at the next succeeding meeting for busi-
ness, and on receiving the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the mem-
bers present, it shall become a part of these By-Laws ; Provided, that
at least twelve members be present at each of the three readings.

The following Article was added to Chap. XII :

Chapter xii., Art. 3. No one, or more, of the By-Laws of this
Academy shall be suspended.

ELECTION.

Dr. William S. M'llhenny and Job B. Tyson, Esq., of Philadelphia,
were elected Members.

June 6th.
Vice-President Lea in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences, dated Leipzig, 27th Feb.,
1854;

From the Boyal Academy of Sciences of Vienna, dated Jan. 18 and
Jan. 28th, 1854 :

1854.] 89

From the Furstlicli Jablonowskischen Gesellschaft zu Leipzig, dated
13th Jan., 1854 ; and from the Belfast Natural History Society, dated
31st Dec., 1853 ; severally transmitting donations to the Library an-
nounced this evening.

From the Librarian of the Pennsylvania State Library, dated Harris-
burg, June 1, 1854;

From the Trustees of the New York State Library, dated Albany,
May 26ib, 1854; and

From the American Philosophical Society, dated August 20, 1854,
severally acknowledging the receipt of recent publications of the
Academy.

From Dr. M. H. Houston, dated Wheeling, Va., May 22d, 1854,
presenting the Indian remains deposited in the Cabinet by Mr. Ellet,
through Dr. C. D. Meigs, May 16th, 1854.

Dr. Hallowell presented for publication in the Proceedings, two papers,
entitled respectively, " Descriptions of New Reptiles from California ;"
and " On a genus and species of Serpent from Honduras, presumed to
be new," both of which were referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Le Conte, and
Col. McCall.

Dr. Leidy stated that while examining some fossils he had accidentally in-
spected the fragment of lower jaw, supposed by Harlan to belong to an extinct
species of hog, the Sus americanns ; and which Prof. Owen, after an examination,
had considered as a new genus, Harlavus, allied to the tapiroid pachyderms,
when it immediately occurred to him that it belonged neither to a suiline nor a
tapiroid animal, but to a true ruminant, and this, the Bison latifrons.

The form of the fragment of jaw is the same as the corresponding portion in
the ox, and its robustness is in relation to the size and strength of the head of
Bison latifrons.

The fossil belonged to a very old individual, as indicated by the production of
large fangs to the teeth, and the almost entire removal of the enamelled crown
by trituration.

The first of the series of true molars in the specimen exhibits two fangs of
dentine united by an isthmus of cementum, (see plate vi. accompanying Owen's
memoir, in vol. i. new series, of the Journal of this Academy.)

In the second true molar a line of enamel yet borders the crown. The little
prominence in the centre of the dentinal space of the anterior lobe is the rem-
nant of the crescentic enamel island. The middle of the three folds on the outer
side, which misled Prof. Owen to suspect an affinity of the animal to Toxodon,
is nothing more than the remains of the robust accessory column of the molars
of Bison latifrons t as may be seen by comparing the specimens, or the figures in
Owen's plate, with the corresponding part in the figures 6 and 7 of the last molar
in plate ii. of my " Memoir on the Extinct Species of American Ox."

The last molar of Bison latifrofis, indicated in the figures just mentioned, not
only exactly fits the corresponding space in the fragment of jaw, but the remain-
ing portion of tooth in the latter is of the same form and size as the correspond-
ing portion of the entire tooth.

If these views be considered as correct, then the Sus americanns, or Harlanus
america?ius, ceases to be a distinct animal, and the fossil in question becomes a
portion of Bison latifrons.

In further confirmation of these facts, a portion of a humerus and a tibia,
mentioned in Prof. Owen's paper, and an atlas and a metacarpal bone were dis-
covered by Mr. Couper, with the [fragment of jaw, and these had previously
been referred to Bison latifrons in my memoir above referred to.

90

[June,

Dr. Leidy next called attention to several fossils indicating new species of
extinct mammalia.

The first was the crown of a molar tooth discovered by Captain Bowman,
U. S. A., in the sands of Ashley river, S. C. It most resembles the left lower
penultimate molar of the bear, but the triturating surface is more generally
level, and presents less disposition to the formation of cusps. The specimen
measures 24 m.m. antero-posteriorly, and 17 m.m. transversely. For the genus
and species supposed to be indicated by the specimen the name of Aretodus pris-
tinus was proposed.

The other fossils consisted of two specimens loaned by Prof. Hall, of Albany,
and constitute part of the collection made by Messrs. Meek and Hayden, during
an expedition to Nebraska Territory in the summer of 1853. They were found
on Bijou Hill, east of the Missouri River, in a tertiary formation surmounting
cretaceous beds.

One of the specimens is an inferior molar of a solipedal animal, apparently
intermediate to Equus and Anchitherium, the enamel folding upon the triturating
surface being less complex than in the former, and greater than in the latter.
It appears to have had an envelope of crusta petrosa as in the horse, though
nearly all removed in the specimen. In size it is relatively long compared to
the corresponding teeth of A7ichitherium i but is short compared to those of
Equus. Its antero-posterior measurement in 17 m.m. For the genus and species
the name of Hippodon speciosus was proposed.

The remaining specimen is the fragment of a lower jaw, containing a last pre-
molar and the first true molar of a small ruminant allied to the Musks. The
last premolar on the triturating surface presents a series of five folds projecting
inwardly. Its measurement antero-posteriorly is 8 m.m. The inner side of the
true molar is nearly as plain as in those of Pceb rot her item. Its measurement
antero-posteriorly is also 8 m.m. For the genus and species the name of Mery-
codus necatus was proposed.

9

June ISth.
Dr. Ruschenberger in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. W. P. Gibbons, dated San Francisco, May
16, 1854, transmitting the specimens of viviparous fishes acknowledged
this evening; also a paper intended for publication in the Proceed-
ings, entitled, u Descriptions of four new species of Viviparous Fishes
from Sacramento River and the Bay of San Francisco. Read before
the California Academy of Natural Sciences, May 15th, 1854 ; by Wm.
P. Gibbons, M. D."

Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Hallowell.

Dr. Hallowell presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled, " Remarks on the Geographical distribution of Reptiles,
with descriptions of several species supposed to be new, and corrections
of former papers ;" which was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Da Costa, and
Dr. Le Conte.

Dr. Da Costa directed the attention of the Academy to a new process which
he had lately employed in making minute injections. In order to insure a greater
rotundity and distinctness of the vessels than is usually obtained, he performed
a series of experiments with solid substances dissolved in ether, and as evidence
of the results he submitted several specimens to the inspection of the members.
The substances selected on account of their ready solubility were the resins, and
of these the sandarach and the Damarra copal were found to answer best. One
ounce of the resin was dissolved in about three ounces, or if mucous membranes
were to be injected, in about four ounces of ether. This was then filtered, and
enough finely ground yellow or red paint added to give to the injecting mass the

1854.] 91

requisite color. Judging from the equal distinctness of the vessels in some of
Prof. Hyrtl's preparations in his possession, he was led to believe that it is on a
similar principle that these beautiful injections are made, except that turpentine
is probably used as a solvent instead of ether. He was, however, not able to
speak positively on this subject, since the injecting material used by Prof. Hyrtl
has never been disclosed. The advantage of using ether for injections, as first
directed by Dr. Goddard, instead of turpentine, is that preparations in which
ether has been used are always more uniformly and more minutely injected ; and
by dissolving solid substances in it, Dr. Da Costa believed that equal distinctness,
with perhaps greater minuteness than is even afforded in the preparations of
Prof. Hyrtl, may be obtained.

June 1th*
Major Le Conte in the Chair.

Dr. Le Conte presented two papers for publication in the Proceedings,
viz : " Synopsis of the Dermestidse of the United States, " and " Synop-
sis of the Byrrhidse of North America," both of which were referred
to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Elwyn, and Dr. Ruschenberger.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Journal, entitled,
" Descriptions of New Fossil species from the cretaceous formation of
Sage Creek, Nebraska, by John Evans, M. D., and B. F . Shumard,
M. D. ;" which was referred to Mr. Conrad, Mr. Charles E. Smith, and
Mr. Foulke.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en-
titled, " Descriptions of new Birds collected between Albuquerque, New
Mexico, and San Francisco, California. By S. F. Baird." Referred to
Mr. Cassin, Dr. Heermann, and Col. McCall.

June 27th,

Vice President Lea in the Chair.

The Committees to which were referred papers by Dr. Hallo well, read
June 6th and 13th, 1854 ; by Dr. Gibbons, June 13th ; by Dr. J. Le
Conte, read June 20th ; and by Prof. Baird, read June 20th, severally
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of new Reptiles from California.
By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

CHELONIANS.

Emys nigra, nob.

Sp. Char. Shell oblong-ovate, slightly compressed at the sides and emargi-
nate, but not distinctly serrated posteriorly; latero-posterior margins of carapax
everted; nuchal plate narrow, truncate anteriorly, broader posteriorly ; 24 mar-
ginal plates, the two posterior more or less quadrilateral, the two adjoining pen-
tagonal ; color blackish above, the upper part of head and neck presenting
numerous very small yellow spots upon a black ground ; anterior extremities
with a tinge of yellow ; under jaw and throat yellow, with dark colored mark-
ings ; plastron yellow in the middle, with large blotches of black or dark brown
at the sides, and anteriorly and posteriorly ; under surface of tail and extremities
blackish; tail of moderate length.

92 [June,

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch ; breadth f ; length of carapax 6 inches,
measured along curvature superiorly ; breadth at middle 5| inches ; of tail 2.

Habitat. Posa Creek, Lower California, where it occurs in great numbers.

Gen. obs. This species resembles none ol the North American Emydes with
which 1 am acquainted. Its dark color puts one in mind of, but is not so jet a
black as that of Sternothaerus niger of Madagascar.

SAURIANS.

Dipso-saurtjs, Hallowell.

Gen. char. Head triangular, covered above and in front with tubercles ; nos-
trils latero-superior, opening in a single scale ; rostral plate veitical, triangular;
jaws margined each with a series of smooth quadrilateral plates ; tympanum
visible, depressed ; upper part of body covered with carinated scales, more or
less rounded posteriorly, arranged in oblique rows ; a row of scales much larger
than the rest along the dorsal line, and much more strongly carinated, forming
a slight dorsal crest; a gular fold ; scales of abdomen quadrangular, smooth ;
femoral pores ; tail covered with transverse rows of verticillate and carinated
scales*

DlPSO-SAURUS DORSALIS.

Sy?i. Crotaphytus dorsalis, Baird and Girard. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1852,
p. 126.

Coloration. Body presenting numerous lines of red upon the sides, with
blotches of the same color over the shoulders, the intervening spaces numerous
white spots; upper surface and sides of tail marked with red spots arranged in
transverse rows ; upper surface of extremities with red ; throat, abdomen, under
surface of extremities and tail white. The coloration, as described by Profs.
Baird and Girard, appears to be taken from younger specimens, one such before
me corresponding with it precisely.

Dimensions. Length of head 7 lines; breadth 7 ; length of head, neck and
body to vent, 8 inches, (Fr.) ; of tail lh inch.; anterior extremities 1 inch. ;
posterior 3 inches to extremity of nail of longest toe.

Habitat Desert of the Colorado, to which it appears to be confined. The
smaller specimen from near Fort Yuma, the large one found in the desert be-
tween Rum River and the Tejon Pass, (pronounced Tahon ;) a country without
water, not sandy, but arid, bearing artemisia, &c.

Gen. remarks. This animal differs from Crotaphytus (Holbrook) in having
the upper part of the body covered with quadrangular scales, instead of granula-
tions, and the larger row of carinated dorsal scales giving rise to a slight crest,
no trace of which exists in Crotaphytus, from Leiolepis in having tubercles, and
not plates, upon the head and from Homalo-saurus in the form of the marginal
plates of the upper jaw.

Uro-saurus, Hallowell,

Gen. char. Body very slender, which, as well as the head, is much depressed;
scales upon the back much larger than those upon the sides, and strongly cari-
nated ; nostrils superior in a single scale; head covered with plates ; aural aper-
tures very distinct ; a gular fold ; extremities slender; toes 55 ; tail very long
and tapering, verticillate ; femoral pores, but no anal ones.

Uro-saurus graciosus, nob.

Sp. char. Head yellow, with a few brow r nish marks; seven longitudinal rows
of scales upon the back very distinctly carinated. Color of body yellowish,
mixed with brownish and black spots ; extremities yellowish, with dark colored
transverse bands ; tail of same color above as body ; under surface silvery white,
with blackish spots; eleven femoral pores.

Dimensions. Length of head 5-8ths inch; greatest breadth f inch; length
of head, neck and body to vent, If inch j of anterior extremities to extremity of

1854.] 93

longest toe 6-8ths inch ; of posterior to extremity of longest toe Jf inch ; of tail
4 inches; total length.

Habitat. Lower California.

Gen. Remarks. The contrast between the large carinated scales upon the
back, and the small ones upon the sides resembling granulations, is very striking ;
the long and slender tail also is remarkable. In these respects Uro-saurus is
allied to Tachydromus, but the plates upon the head are very different.

SCELOPORUS, Wiegmann.'

ScELOPORUS MAGISTER, nob.

Sp. char. Larger than any known species of Sceloporus, and remarkable for
its large and strongly carinated scales, which are very much denticulated poste-
riorly ; anterior margin of aural apertures strongly denticulated ; upper part of
head, body and extremities and tail straw color, without spots or blotches ; a
black triangular blotch upon each side of the neck, in front of the shoulder, the
base below ; two large bluish green blotches upon the abdomen, one on each side
and one upon the neck ; the rest of the under surface light straw color ; tail long,
very thick at base, tapering near the point ; twelve femoral pores on each side.

Dimensions. Length of head, neck and body to vent, 4 6-8ths inches; great-
est breadth of head 1 inch; length of head If inch ; of tail l-5th inch ; of anterior
extremities l inch ; of anterior foot to extremity of longest toe 1 inch ; of pos-
terior extremities 1 6-8ths inch; of foot to extremity of longest toe If inch :
total length 9 6-8ths inches.

Habitat. Near Fort Yuma, at junction of Colorado and Gila, also nearTuson
in Sonora, upon a rocky soil.

Gen. remarks. This species is remarkable for its large size and greatly deve-
loped spines. It is a much larger animal than the spinosus of Wiegmann, and
wants the quadruple series of dark colored spots that exist in that animal.
The posterior margins of the scales are strongly denticulated, which is not the
case in spinosus, one of the characters of which is " squamis paucidentatis."
From horridus, Wieg. it differs in coloration, arrangement of plates upon the head,
and in the number of femoral pores, which in the latter are 4 5.

Sceloporus bi-seriatus, nob.

Sp. char. Scales of the back much larger than those upon the sides. Five
frontal plates in two rows ; the middle of the anterior row largest ; four inter-
nasals ; two very small plates between the anterior row and rostral ; two vertical
plates ; one large plate on each side of the occipital, and two in front of them;
posterior border of scales not denticulated. A narrow brownish vitta across the
head near the middle of the superciliary plates ; coloration of head resembling
that of undulatus ; light ash grey above, with a double row of dark-colored spots
upon the back on each side of the dorsal line, extending a short distance upon
the tail ; extremities ash colored above, banded with black ; under surface
silvery grey, with two blue blotches, one on each side of the abdomen, and a
blue blotch upon the chin ; 20 femoral pores.

Dimensions. Length of head, neck and body to vent, 3 inches: of tail 4
inches ; length of anterior extremities 5-8ths inch ; of foot anteriorly to extremity
of longest toe 5-8ths inch ; of posterior extremity 1 inch ; of foot posteriorly to
extremity of longest toe 1 inch ; total length 7 inches.

Habitat. Borders of El Paso Creek and in Tejon Valley. Constantly climb-
ing up trees, when scared, to a distance of twenty or thirty feet, running along
the ground and up the trees very quickly.

Gen. remarks. Wants the undulating lines or bars of undulatus, these being
replaced by the spots above described; the scales upon the sides are also
much smaller than those of undulatus. This species resembles very closely
the variabilis of Wiegmann, and is probably the same, notwithstanding cer-
tain differences in the description. In the absence of a good drawing, or authen-
ticated specimen, we cannot pronounce, positively, whether they be the same
or not, although inclined to the former opinion. Thus the head, according to

94 [June,

Wiegmann, is unicolor ; and the plates upon the head cannot be said to
he ruguloso carinatis, for they are for the most part smooth in bi-seriatus.
It wants the white lateral line beneath the spots which is observed in scalaris,
Wiegmann. The arrangement of the plates upon the head appears to characterize
this species very well, being uniform, with unimportant exceptions, in all the
specimens brought by Dr. Heermann.

Var. A. azureus. Body uniformly blue above, mingled with brown, the
the blue color predominating; on the sides greenish with a metallic lustre ; head
brownish above ; two large blue blotches upon abdomen, one on each side ; rest
of under surface silvery white with bluish tints, especially about the chin ; scales
large and strongly carinated, not denticulated posteriorly; tail stout at the base,
much less tapering than in bi-seriatus; the plates of the head correspond pre-
cisely with those of the latter animal.

Dimensions* Length of head, neck and body to vent, 3 2-8ths inches ; of tail
3 5-Sths inches ; of anterior extremities 1 inch ; of anterior foot to extremity of
longest toe 6-8ths inch ; of posterior foot to extremity of longest toe 1 2-8ths
inch ; total length 6| inches.

Habitat. Associated with bi-seriatus.

Var. B. variegatus. Body light ash color, with transverse brownish bands
and markings coalescing with each other, so as to give the whole a marbled
appearance ; head above ash color mingled with brown ; extremities ash color,
with transverse bands of brown ; under surface silvery grey without bluish spots
or blotches ; 17 femoral pores, remarkably large ; tail stout, thick at the base.

Dimensions. Length of head neck and body 4h inches ; greatest breadth of
head 1 inch ; length 1 inch ; tail mutilated, circumference at base 1 2-8ths inch ;
length of anterior extremities If inch ; of loot to extremity of longest toe f inch ;
of posterior extremity 2 inches ; of foot, posteriorly, to extremity of longest toe
1 inch.

Habitat. Same.

CNEMIDOPHORUS, Dum. and Bib.

Gen. Char. Nostrils in the nasal plate near its posterior border ; two supero-
nasals ; palate without teeth, with a shallow, triangular notch, posteriorly ;
scales smooth. (Dum. and Bibron.)

Cnemidophorus undtjlatus,* nob.

Sp. char. Body of moderate size ; tail very long ; head brownish above ; upper
part of body with three or four longitudinal bands of black with irregular mar-
gins ; interspaces yellowish, with a tinge of red in some specimens ; sides mar-
gined with black and white or light yellow ; tail black and light yellow, present-
ing numerous transverse rows of rhomboidal carinated scales ; upper part of
extremities same color as sides of body; under surface silvery grey, with a
number of minute black spots upon the abdomen, throat and chin ; tail round,
moderately thick at base, tapering to a point ; 20 pores very distinct ; 8 rows
scales upon the abdomen.

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch ; greatest breadth posteriorly half an inch ;
of head, neck and body 3k inches ; of anterior extremities % inch ; of foot to ex-
tremity of longest toe half an inch; of posterior extremities 1 inch ; of foot to
extremity of longest toe 1 inch ; of tail 7 inches ; total length 111 inches.

Habitat. Near Fort Yuma, in San Joachim Valley.

Gen. observ. Cnemidophorus perplexus, according to Profs. Baird and Girard,
has seven longitudinal yellowish lines along the back ; in all the specimens above
described, five in number, there are but four. Profs. Baird and Girard state that
in some specimens of Cnemidophorus tigris, " four longitudinal yellow stripes
may be seen extending from the occiput to the base of the tail, and occasionally
a little distance on the latter. In the young state the black patches predominate,
unite, and form as it were the ground color, and the yellow constitutes irregular
small spots." Vide Sta?isbury's Report, Appendix C. p. 339.

From the undulating longitudinal dark lines along the back.

1854.] 95

The total length of Say's Ameiva tesselata is 1 foot, tail 8J inches, in
this respect corresponding very well with the above, but none of the specimens
present the tesselated appearance described by Say, the ' transverse lines
dividing the whole surface in a tesselated manner."

Eumeces, Wiegmann,

Sp. char. Two supero-nasals contiguous ; internasal much more extended in
the lateral than antero-posterior direction, its internal margins in contact with
the anterior frenal ; two fronto-nasal, contiguous, lateral border in contact with
the posterior frenal ; frontal hexagonal, elongated, broader anteriorly ; fronto-
parietal rhomboidal, placed obliquely ; inter-parietal broad, with an acute angle
in front, passing in between the fronto-parietals ; parietals oblong, quadrilateral ;
four supra-orbitals ; a small naso-frenal : an anterior and posterior frenal, the
latter much larger ; twelve rows of smooth hexagonal scales upon the back, be-
ginning with those marked by the lateral vitta.

Color. Shining black or brown above, with four bluish vittae, the two in-
ternal broader than the others, commencing about midway upon the sides of the
head immediately over the eyes, and extending along the back and terminating
upon the tail ; the lateral ones commence at the anterior margin of the orbit,
and passing beneath it, extend upon the sides and are lost upon the tail ; chin
and throat whitish ; abdomen and under part of tail slate color ; under surface of
extremities whitish.

Dimensions. Length of head f inch ; breadth \ inch ; length of body and tail
4? inches; of tail 2 3-8ths inches; of anterior extremities inch; of posterior
| inch.

Habitat. Lower California, near Mohave River, and in San Bernardino Valley.

OPHIDIANS.

Rhinostoma occipitale, nob.

Char. Teeth of equal length, posterior ones not channelled ; head depressed,
eyes small ; a rostral, two anterior and two posterior frontals; one anterior and
two posterior oculars; a vertical ; two occipitals ; a small frenal ; nostrils in a
single plate ; seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth.
Abdom. scuta, 158 ; subcaud. 34.

Coloration. Milk white above with 41 transverse black bands, including
seven upon tail and one upon posterior part of head ; six complete rings upon
tail ; throat and abdomen white ; under part of tail white, with transverse bands
continuous with those upon back of tail ; 15 rows of smooth quadrangular scales.

Dimensions Length of head 4 lines, breadth 2 lines; of body 9 inches 9
lines; of tail, 1 inch 7 lines; total length, 9 inches.

Hab. Mohave Desert.

Gen. Remarks, This serpent resembles no other as yet figured in N. Ame-
rica, and is therefore easily recognized. In the genus Sonora of Prof. Baird and
Girard, there are, according to them, three postoculars, and two nasal plates on
each side with the nostril between them. In Sonora semiannulata there are
twenty-five transverse black bands upon the body, and six complete rings upon
the tail. The rings in Col. (Zacholus) zonatus of Blainville completely sur-
round the body. The nostrils, according to Blainville, open between two plates,
but Wagler has them each in a single plate, " in medio scutelli sitis," in his defi-
nition of Zacholus. Wagler, however, cites Col. Riccioli, Metaxa Serp. Rom.
as appearing to belong to this genus, " scheint als gattung zu gehoren," but C.
Bonaparte represents the nostrils as placed in the commissure between two scuta
M gli narici sono situate alia eommissura di duo scutelli nasali." Blainville
represents two black half rings upon the head. Zacholus zonatus is probably
allied to Coronella balteata.

Crotalus cerastes, nob.
Sp. Char. Head covered with polygonal tubercles, larger in front, the latter
in three rows; two small quadrangular plates on each side, between the nostril
and the vertical rostral ; two quadrangular internasals ; external border of supra-

96 [June,

ciliary plates developed, so as to present two horn-like processes, one on each
side of the head at their middle; nostrils small; pits between the eyes and nos-
trils large ; twenty rows of carinated scales, the inferior rows near the abdomen
smooth; body slender, much compressed; tail very short, with three or four
rattles.

Coloration. Head ash color above, a black band running from the posterior
margin of the orbit to within a line of the occiput ; a series of forty-one transverse
brownish bands, yellow in the centre, along the back; general color of animal
above light yellow; several transverse bands upon the tail ; under surface light
yellow, slightly clouded with spots near the external margin of the abdomen;
abdom. scut. 146 ; two rows of bifid post-abdom. scutell. ; 14 single caudal scuta ;
three inferior rows bifid.

Dimensions. Length of head 5 lines; greatest breadth 4 lines; length of body
8 and 3-8th inches; of tail, | ; total length 9| inches.

Hab Borders of the Mohave river, and in the desert of the Mohave, always
in the dry sandy soil, with no vegetation whatever. Maximum size one foot
and a half; occurs in large numbers, and is also seen in the Desert of the Colo-
rado, but is much less abundant, Dr. Heermann not having observed it ihere.
The river Mohave spreads itself out in the desert and there loses itself, and upon
the floating sand hills near it these animals are found. The Crolalus Lecontii
is never seen with them. The Mohave empties into a salt lake about 15 miles
in extent.

Gen. Remarks. I supposed that this animal might be the young of Crotalus
Lecontii, but Dr. Heermann informs me that the Lecontii is never found with
it, and that it never attains to more than a foot and a half in length, and always
presents the horn-like processes above described. It would appear to be the
representative of the Vipera Cerastes of Africa, and is found, like that serpent,
in desert and sandy regions, and is also slow and sluggish in its movements.
The genus Cerastes, proposed by Wagler and adopted by Dumeril and Bibron, it
would appear should be dropped and Vipera substituted.

BATRACHIANS.

Rana nigricans, nob.

Sp, char. Remarkable for its size ; color uniform, dark brown, with numerous
small black spots, and large blotches interspersed over the surface ; sides some-
what lighter, marked with black; anterior extremities dark brown, or ash color
above, blotched with black ; posterior of same color, with numerous transverse
black bands; chin, throat and abdomen straw color, shaded with brown; under
surface of extremities yellowish, marked with black.

Dimensions. Length of head, neck and body, 4 inches; greatest breadth of
head, If inches; length of anterior extremities, 1| inches: of foot anteriorly to
extremity of longest toe, 1 inch; of posterior extremity, 5 inches; length of hind
foot, If inches ; of foot posteriorly to distal end of longest toe, 2| inches.

Hab. El Paso Creek.

Gen. Observations. This species is remarkable for the great length of its
posterior extremities; allied to Rana Draytoni, Baird and Girard, but the
posterior extremities appear to be longer.

Hyla nebulosa, nob.

Sp. char. Uniform light grey upon the upper part of the body and sides ;
snout light ash ; a considerable number of dark colored subcircular spots about
a line in diameter, scattered over the upper part of the body and upon the sides ;
extremities ash color above, with greyish spots; abdomen greenish yellow; chin
light yellow; under surface of extremities orange colored; abdomen and under
surface of extremities granulated.

Dimensions. Length of head, neck and body, If inches; greatest breadth of
head, | inch; length of anterior extremities, If inches; of posterior extremities
2 and 3-8th inches to extremity of longest toe.

Hab. Tejon Pass.

1854.] 97

Gen. Remarks. Is a much smaller animal than Hyla versicolor, and the mark-
ings are very different. The back is much less abundantly covered with warts,
and the superciliary ridges which are so much developed in versicolor, are but
slightly so in this species. The extremities are much more slender in the latter,
and the tibia is of nearly equal length with the thigh, but in versicolor it is
about a line shorter.

Hyla scapularis, nob.

Var. hypochondriaca.

Char.Oi a uniform pale olive, color above without spots, paler toward the
sides; numerous small, elevated smooth points upon the surface, resembling
tubercles; upper surface of extremities pale olive; a narrow dark colored vitta,
extending from the anterior margin of the eye to the snout; another much
broader from the posterior margin of the eye to the shoulder ; margin of upper
jaw of same color as the vitta ; posterior part of abdomen and under surface of
extremities orange colored ; chin and throat whitish ; abdomen thickly granulated.

Dimensions. Length of head and body, \h inches; of head f ; breadth f ;
length of anterior extremities, f ; of posterior, If.

Hab Tejon Pass.

Gen. Remarks. It will be observed that it wants the squalus toothed mark
upon the head, and the markings upon the back, which belong to scapularis.

The specimens above described, with numerous others already known, and a
large number of rare fishes, birds and plants, and many insects, were collected
by Dr. Heermann, Naturalist to the Government Expedition for the exploration
of a route for the Pacific Railroad, and afford the best evidence of the zeal and
untiring industry of our esteemed fellow member. Through his efforts in great
part the Herpetology of California is now almost, if not quite, as well known as
that of Pennsylvania.

On a genus and species of Serpent from Honduras, presttmed to be new.

By Edward Hallo well, M. D.

MICROPHIS.

Char. Head of moderate size, short, depressed in the middle, covered
with nine plates ; snout rounded ; nostrils between the nasal and anterior frontal
plates ; a frenal; one antocular ; two posterior oculars ; seven superior labials,
the eye resting on the third and fourth; eyes of moderate size, pupil round;
supraciliary plate not projecting over the eye ; tail of moderate length.

Microphis quinqueliniatus, nob.

Sp. char. Head, body and tail above ash color ; five dark blue stripes ex-
tending from the occiput to the base of the tail, the three intermediate ones
broader than the lateral; the other stripes prolonged upon the tail, the middle
one to near its extremity ; 17 rows of smooth quadrangular scales ; 170 abdom.
scuta; two bifid preabdom.; 33 subcaudal.

Dimensions. Length of head 6-8ths inch; breadth posteriorly 4-8ths inch ;
length of body 17 inches ; of tail 2 inches 5-8ths ; circumference 1 inch 3-8ths ;
total length 1 foot 8 inch 3-8ths.

Habitat. Honduras, South America. Two specimens presented to Museum
of the Academy, by Dr. Woodhouse.

Gen. Remarks. This serpent has the general characters of Coronella,but the
nostrils open between the anterior frontal and nasal plates, insiead of the nasal
and internasal, the two being fused into one plate. We have, therefore, pro-
posed for it the generic name given above, although not disposed to attach much
importance to minor considerations of this kind in the determination of genera.

98 [June,

Remarks on the Geographical distribution of Reptiles, with descriptions of
several species supposed to benew y and corrections of former papers*

By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

Genus Euprepis.

Gen. character. Nostrils in the posterior part of the nasal plate ; two super-
nasals ; palate with a triangular furrow, more or less profound ; scales carinated;
pterygoid teeth. (Dum. and Bib.)

Euprepis striata, nob .

Sp. character. Nasal plates well developed, two super-nasal contiguous ; an
internasal ; two fronto-nasal wide apart ; a frontal broad in front, narrow poste-
riorly ; two fronto-parietal, more or less quadrilateral, contiguous ; an inter-pa-
rietal very narrow posteriorly, broad with an acute angle in front; two parietals,
no occipital ; two freno-nasal, and two freno-orbital plates ; head brownish above
in front, and upon the sides, blackish posteriorly ; ground color of body and tail
above deep black, the middle of each scale dusky white, the back and tail pre-
senting therefore numerous alternating lines and bands of black and white ;
upper surface of extremities blackish with white spots ; sides of body marked
with black and dusky white and brown ; chin, throat, abdomen, under surface of
extremities and tail silvery white j 21 rows of strongly carinated scales ; the
greater number of these scales present each five carinas upon the surface.

Dimensions. Length of head 13 lines ; breadth 8 lines ; length of neck and
body 3f inches ; of tail 4i inches ; of anterior extremities 1 inch 4 lines ; of pos-
terior 1 inch 6 lines ; total length 9 inches 4 lines.

Habitat. Liberia, western coast of Africa. Two specimens in museum, pre-
sented by Dr. Henry A. Ford. There is in the Academy another specimen of
this genus from the same locality, described by me some years ago as Plestiodon
Harlani. It is a much larger animal and it differs from the present species
greatly in its coloring, being uniformly yellowish brown above with distinct
bars of dark blown upon the sides. The scales in Harlani are tricarinate. I
have not been able to discover pterygoid teeth in either of these animals.

Pachydactylus tristis, nob.

Sp. character. Color above yellowish, with numerous brownish lines upon
the upper surface of the tail ; throat, abdomen, under surface of extremities and
tail yellowish; body and extremities covered above with granulations; abdomen
with smooth scales ; granulations upon under surface of the tail larger for the
most part than those upon upper ; nostril plate quadrangular, two small plates
immediately above it ; head covered with small granulations.

Dimensions. Length of head 11 lines ; of body to vent 2 inches 5 lines; from
vent to extremity of tail 2 inches 4 lines ; total length 5 inches 6 lines.

Habitat. Liberia, west coast of Africa. Specimen in museum presented by
Dr. Goheen.

Cgelopeltis, Wagler.

Gen. character. Head sub-distinct, ovate, quadrangular ; rostrum narrow,
acute, furrowed in front of the eyes, supra-orbitar plates projecting considerably;
eyes oblong, rotund; pupil round ; vertical scute long, narrow; scales not densely
approximated, lanceolate, concave ; abdomen and under part of tail rounded ;
two posterior oculars, one anterior, one loral, quadrate. (Europe and Africa.)

CCELOPELTIS VIRGATA, nob .

Sp. character. Color uniform, brown above, reddish upon the sides, and to a
certain extent upon the abdominal scuta ; middle portion of abdominal scuta
straw color; two narrow yellowish vittae upon each side of the head, the supe-
rior passing immediately over the eye ; scales smooth, 23 rows ; entire length
1 foot 8 inches, (Fr.) length of tail 3 inches; abdom. scuta 192, subcaudal 55.

Habitat. Liberia, west coast of Africa. Two specimens in museum of
Academy, presented by Dr. Ford.

1854.] 99

Fam. VIPERIDtE.

Gen. Brachycranion, Hallowell.

Gen. char. Head short and thick, covered with seven plates, exclusive of the
rostral, viz., one pair of frontal, a vertical, two supra-orbitar, and two occipitals,
one ant-orbitar and one post-orbitar ; margin of orbit formed by supra-ocular, pos-
terior and anterior oculars, and superior margin of fourth labial plate. Subcaudal
plates single; palatal, but, with the exception of the fangs, no mandibular teeth.

Brachycranion corpulentum.

Sp. char. Occipitals subquadrangular ; four supero-labials ; one large tempo-
ral plate immediately behind post-ocular ; scales smooth, quadrangular, 25 rows;
color shining black above, brownish beneath ; 182 abdominal scuta ; 25 sub-
caudal.

Dimensions. Length of head i an inch, breadth 5 lines ; length of body 1 foot
6 inches ; of tail 2 inches ; circumference 1 inch 8 lines.

Habitat. Liberia, W. coast of Africa. Presented by Dr. Ford to the Academy.

Gen. observ. The vipers among venomous serpents are characterized chiefly
by the absence of forsettes behind the nostrils, and the presence of a double row
of plates under the tail. In the greater number, the head is covered with scales
as upon the body ; in others there are also plates of various forms, and irregularly
disposed, as in Vipera berus, while others have upon the head smooth and regu-
larly formed plates, like those of Coluber and the genus Sepedon of Merrem. In
others the subcaudal plates are bifid toward the anus, and single near the ex-
tremity of the tail, or alternately single and bifid as in Acanthophis.

Bungarus, a genus of Colubriform venomous serpents inhabiting Asia, has a
dorsal row of hexagonal scales larger than the others, with nine plates upon the
head and single plates under the tail. Elaps has nine plates upon the head, but
the plates under the tail are bifid. In the animal under consideration there are,
as above stated, but seven plates upon the head exclusive of the rostral, there
being but one pair of frontals (two in Elaps, Acanthophis and Bungarus) and
single plates under the tail. These characteristics, with the peculiar form of
the head and the presence of fangs, are such as to give it a distinct generic cha-
racter different from those of any of the serpents with which I am acquainted.
The appearance of Brachycranion corpulentum is very repulsive. Since the
above was written, I have observed in the work of Dr. Andrew Smith,* on the
Zoology of South Africa, the description and figure of a reptile which resembles
the one just described, to which the name Atractaspis Bibronii has been given.
The body in Atractaspis Bibronii is much more slender, is longer, but the tail
is shorter. The shape of the head in the figure is very different, giving one the
impression of a harmless serpent, as Dr. Smith at first supposed it to be, that of
the other induces at once a strong suspicion of its venomous character. There
are but twenty rows of scales in Bibronii, and the general color of the body and
tail is intermediate between blackish green and orange colored brown. The
fangs in Corpulentum also differ from those of Bibronii in their dimensions,
being not more than half the length of those in the figure of Bibronii. Like them,
they do not appear to be capable of complete erection. Upon the upper surface
of the tail in Corpulentum, along the median line near its middle, is a row of six
broad scales and four others near the tail, somewhat similar in appearance to
those upon the back in Dipsas.

Cham.eleo gracilis, Hallowell, Journal Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. viii. pi. 18. A
good species. It differs considerably in its general appearance from Chama?leo
dilepis of Leach, of which there are three specimens in the collection presented
by Dr. Henry A. Ford, of Liberia. One of these on being opened was found to
contain more than a dozen eggs. I thought at one time that possibly Ch. gra-
cilis might be the female of Ch. dilepis.

* Zoology of South Africa, by Andrew Smith, M.D., Reptiles, pi. 71.

100 [June,

Euprepis Harlani, nob.

Syn. Plestiodon Harlani, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. ii. p. 170.

Boa Liberiensis, nob. Abdom. scut. 237, subcaud. plates single, 53 50 ; Ion
gitudinal rows of scales.
Syn. Python Liberiensis, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. ii. p. 249.

Dipsas Blandingii, Hall., Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. ii. p. 170.

Anterior teeth of lower jaw much larger than the others. Two teeth, one on
each side in posterior part of upper maxilla provided, each with a sheath, and
channelled anteriorly ; four rows of teeth in the upper jaw, two in the lower.
Seventeen rows of scales. Two anterior oculars, two posterior ; a loral ; nostrils
between two plates, occipital large. Abdom. scuta 273. Subcaud. 131. Length
of head, 1 inch 5 lines ; of head and body 4 feet ; of tail 1 foot (Fr.) 2h inches.
Schlegel remarks that the mode of dentition in Dipsas cynodon is unique in the
genus, having one or more teeth much longer'than the rest at the posterior part
of the upper maxilla, others equally longer being found at the anterior extremity
of the inferior maxilla and of the palatal bone. It will be observed that a simi-
lar arrangement exists in Dipsas Blandingii, although the animals differ greatly
from each other. Triglophodon ? Dumeril. Prodromus, class, des Ophid.

Psammophis Phillipsii, nob.

Syn. Coluber Phillipsii, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. ii. p. 169.

A very well characterized species of Psammophis. Jaws very dilatable,
several teeth in the anterior part of the lower jaw longer than the others ; in the
upper maxilla on each side two long teeth posteriorly, and two near the middle;
teeth unequal ; four first followed apparently by an interval, then the two ante-
rior long ones ; scales lanceolate, smooth, intermediate ones more narrow.

Psammophis Phillipsii differs greatly from Psammophis moniliger of the Cape.
The two longitudinal rows of black spots are wanting in Phillipsii, and the
latter is a much larger animal ; 15 rows of scales.

CORONELLA TRIANGULARIS, nob.

Syn. Col. leevis, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. ii. p. 118.

17 rows of smooth scales, 21 in Coronella laevis. This animal has a general
resemblance to the Coronella laevis, (pi. 12, Amphibia, Fauna Pontica) but the
markings are very different, as is also the number of rows of scales. The tail
is also longer. It may be considered as the representative of the Coronella laevis
in Western Africa.

Leptophis smaragdina, Boie.

Sy?i. Dendrophis smaragdina, Schlegel. Leptophis gracilis, Hall. Proc
Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii, p. 60. Fifteen rows of strongly carinated scales; an-
terior frontals rather longer than the posterior ; nostrils between two plates;
one long and narrow loral on each side; one ant-orbitar, two posterior orbitars;
eight superior labials on the right side, nine on the left ; inferior margin of
orbit formed by the 4th and 5th on the right, and by the 5th and 6th on the
left side of the head ; posterior teeth not channelled. Since the above was
read, we have received Vol. vii. part 1, of the Herpetologie generale, ou histoire
naturelle complete des reptiles, par M. Dumeril, in which I observe that this
animal has been placed in the genus Leptophis by that eminent herpetologist.
This genus, as characterized by him, includes serpents with scales, sometimes
carinated and sometimes smooth, a conclusion which we ourselves had also
arrived at the carination of the scales was added by Wagler. Proc Acad.
Nat. Sci., Dec, 1852, p. 203.

Leptophis viridis Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii., p. 172. This is the
young of Dinophis Hammondii. Journal Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii., New
Series, Part iv., p. 301, pi. 29.

Dryophis Kirtlandi, nob.

Syn. Leptophis Kirtlandi, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii., p. 62. Length of
largest specimen 4 feet 2 inches; of tail, 1 foot 7 inches; scales carinated. In
the posterior part of the upper jaw, on each side, is a tooth much longer than

1854.] 101

the others, and channelled anteriorly; 13 rows of scales, four upon the back
carinated, the marginal row near The abdomen larger than the others. Of this
species there are five specimens in the, collection of the Academy, three
from Dr. Savage, and two fully grown from Dr. Ford. These specimens illus-
trate very well the inconstancy of certain plates about the head in serpents.
In one the loral plates are entirely absent, the posterior frontal passing down to
join the superior labial plates ; in a second of the smaller specimens there are two
lorals on each side ; in a third there are two on one side (the left) and one on
the other ; in one of the larger specimens there are two on each side, and in the
other, two on the left and one on the right.* Wagler, in his definition of the
characters of the genus Dryophis states that there is no loral plate, the posterior
frontals passing down along the side of the head, and coming in contact with
tbe superior labials.

Causus rhombeatus, Wagler. Natur. System, der Amphib. p. 172.

Naja rhombeata, Schlegel. Physiognomie des serpens, Vol. ii., p. 483, pi.
xvii, figs. 12 and 13.

Sepedon rhombeatus, Lichtenstein. Berlin. Dub. Verz. 1823, S. 106.

Scheuzer. Phys. Sacr. t. 717, p. 1.

Vipera V. nigrum, Cuvier. Reg. Anim. T. ii., p. 92, n. 4.

Distichurus maculatus, Hallowell. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 8, pi. 19
(young).

The genus Distichurus was based, very improperly, upon a single specimen ;
and the characters in that were not of sufficient importance to establish a genus.
The plates toward the extremity of the tail are not constantly single. In
one out of four specimens which we have, they are bifid. In Crotalus the plates
toward the extremity of the tail are sometimes bifid, and in Trigmocephalus
also.

BUFO MACULATUS, nob.

Syn. Bufo cinereus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii., p. 169. The name
cinereus has long been applied by Schneider, Daudin, Merrem and others to the
Bufo vulgaris of Europe. Bufo maculatus resembles somewhat Bufo pan-
therinus, but differs from it, according to the description of Dumeril and Bibron,
in the size of its tympanum, the breadth of which is considerably larger than
the length of the upper eyelid. The form and arrangement of the markings
differ greatly from those in the plate of Ruppel.

The Herpetology of Africa has as yet been but too imperfectly studied to
enable us to comprehend the geographical distribution of the reptiles of this vast
continent. The labors of Dr. Smith have left but little to be desired for the
illustration of the southern part of it, and Ruppell has given good dpscriptions
and drawings of a number of reptiles in N. Africa and Abyssinia. These, with
the great work on E<*ypt, and the late production of M. Bianconi, on the Natural
History of Madagascar, constitute the most reliable sources of information
appertaining to this subject. Let us hope that our own government will do for
the natural history of Western Africa what the English government has done
for that of the Southern portion of this great continent.

The reptiles common to both Northern and Western Africa, so far as we
know, are Agama colonorum, Chamasleo dilepis (bilobus) Kinixis belliana
Echidna arietans, Naja haj.,var. black, Vipera (cerastes) nasicornis, the genera

This inconstancy is observed in other genera. In Hydrus pelamoides the
frenal shield observed by M. Schlegel was not present in four individuals, ex-
amined in the Straits of Malacca : in all Hydri the shields of the head are liable
to considerable individual varieties of form (Cantor)* "Hydrus bicolor
Schneider a frenal shield has been observed in some individuals, but it was
absent in that examined in the Straits of Malacca, nor does it exist in the speci-
mens in the Museum of the Asiatic Society." p. 135. "In Dryinus prasinus,
Reinwardt, there are two, sometimes three frenals on each side." p. 83.

* Catalogue of Reptiles inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and Islands, collected or observed \y
Theodore Cantor, Esq., M.D., Bengal Medical Service, 1847.

9

102 [June,

Pachydactylus, and Onychocephalus, and Causus rhombeatus. The genera Uro-
mastyx and Stellio are found in Northern, but do not appear to exist in S. Africa.
The study of the geographical distribution of animals, and especially of reptiles,
presents many very remarkable facts. Some species appear to have a very
wide distribution, others a very local. The Cistudo Carolina, for example, is
found in almost every part of the United States, but Emys Muhlenbergii and
Testudo polyphemus have a very limited range, the one being known only in a
small portion of the Northern States and the other of the Southern. The spe-
cies of reptiles of the United States are entirely different from those of Europe,
but there are a number of genera common to both ; among these are Testudo,
-Emys, Coronella, Tropidonotus, Psammophis, Coluber, Rana, Bufo, Salamandra.

The genera Crotalus, Trigonocephaly or Elaps, all of which exist in the United
States, are not found in Europe, but the venomous serpents are replaced by the
viper, of which there are several species none of which are found with us, the
serpent called viper in the U. States being a Heterodon, a very harmless animal.
The viper is common in England but does not exist in Ireland, neither does
the genus Bufo. Some genera are very limited in their distribution, being found
in certain localities and nowhere else. Thus Amphiuma and Siren are found
in the Southern States; Menopoma, in the West and South; Menobranchus, in
the Western waters of the United States; Phrynosoma in New Mexico and
Texas ; Anota, of which but two specimens have yet been discovered, and
Homalosaurus in the Desert of the Colorado; Holbrookia or Cophosaurus in Texas;
Platysaurus, in Southern Africa ; Hypochthoon in lllyria.

The species on the East and West Coast of South America differ almost en-
tirely from each other. The genus Proctotretus, comprising numerous species,
is found only in Peru. Other genera have a much wider distribution, but are con-
fined to certain large portions of the globe. Thus the Boas exist for the most
part in South America, the Pythons in Africa. According to Schlegel, no spe-
cies of serpent is found in all parts of the world, the Tortrix not an exception,
not being known in the United States. Gerrhosaurus is found in California, there
being but one species known in that State, but there are six species of the same
genus in Mexico, and six others, all described by Dr. Smith, exist at the Cape
of Good Hope.

My friend, Professor Baird, informs me that he has recently received, from
the We ? tern portion of the United States, a specimen of Dipsas, a genus of ser-
pents not hitherto known to inhabit the United States. The genera Chamaeleo,
Euprepis, Eremias, Cordylus, Gecko, Hemydactylus, Ptyodactylus, Stenodac-
tylus, Phyllodactylus, Acanthodactylus, Zonurns, Varanus, are entirely unknown
in the United States, nor are there any true Lacertae. Among fresh water tor-
toises, the Emydes of the United States are very numerous, Prof. Holbrook having
figured as many as seventeen species ; they occur., also, in great numbers in In-
dia, twelve species having been described by Dumeril and Bibron, in their great
work on Reptiles. It is very remarkable, however, that but one species of
Emys, the Emys spengleri, of which we have the shell only in the Academy,
has been described as existing in the whole continent of Africa, whereas the
tortoises in the Southern portion of that country are numerous. Two species
of Sternothaerus are described as belonging to the island of Madagascar, the
niger and nigricans. We have the shell of one from Western Africa, which
probably belongs to the latter species. Among serpents the genus Tropidonotus
has a very wide range, being found more or less abundantly in almost every part
of the globe except Africa and Australia. The genus Trigonocephalus is not found
in Africa, but the vipers in that quarter of the globe are numerous, no less than
six species being described by Dr. Smith as inhabiting S. Africa, viz.: Echidna
arietans, atropos, atropoides, inornata, and Cerastes cornulus and ocellatus. To
these may be added the Vipera nasicofnis, or Natter Jack, which is found both
in Southern and Western Africa. Among the most remarkable of serpents are
those comprised in the genus Hydrophis. They are sea serpents, and <k inhabit
exclusively the inter-tropical latitudes of the Indian seas and of the great Pa-
cific Ocean."

It has been a matter of doubt whether these animals are poisonous or not; but

1854.] 103

Dr. Cantor, in a paper published in the Zoological Transactions of London,
asserts positively that they are, and recent observations made by Dr. Burnet
of Boston, have confirmed his statements. The tree snakes are not found in
Europe, neither are the Calamars, nor Lycodons and Heterodons. The Bungari
inhabit Ceylon, India, Bengal and Java. The Basilisk is found in Celebes, Am-
boina and the Phillipine Isles; Dilophyrus in India and the Malayan Peninsula.*
No species of Coronella is said to exist in New Holland (Schlegel.) Eryx is
found only in the East.

" Only one species of mammal is indigenous to the Gallapagos Islands, viz,, a
large and peculiar kind of mouse; but the number of lizards, tortoises and
snakes is so great that it may be called a land of reptiles. The variety indeed
of species is small, but the individuals of each are in great abundance. There
is a turtle, a large tortoise, (Testudo indicus,) four lizards, and about the same
number of snakes, but no frogs or toads. Belonging to the family Iguanidae, Bell,
are two species of Amblyrhynchus, one terrestrial, the -other marine ; the marine
species is extremely common on all the islands throughout the Archipelago. It
lives exclusively on the rocky sea beaches, and is never seen even ten yards
inland. The usual length is about a yard, but there are some even four feet long.
It is of a dirty black color, sluggish in its movements on the land, but when in
the water it swims with perfect ease and quickness by a serpentine movement
of its body and flattened tail, the legs during this time being motionless and
collapsed on its sides. Its limbs and strong claws are admirably adapted for
climbing over the rugged and fissured masses of lava which everywhere form
the coast. In such situations a group of six or seven of these hideous reptiles
may oftentimes be seen on the black rocks, a few feet above the sea, basking in
the sun with outstretched legs. Their stomachs, on being opened, are found
to be largely distended with minced seaweed, of a kind which grows at the
bottom of the sea, at some little distance from the coast. To obtain this the
lizards go out to sea in shoals. One of these animals was sunk in salt water
from the ship, with a heavy weight attached to it, and on being drawn up again,
after an hour, it was quite active and unharmed. It is not known by the inhabi-
tants where this animai lays its eggs ; a singular fact, considering its abundance,
and that the natives are well acquainted with the eggs of the terrestrial Amllyr-
hynehusf which is also herbivorous.' 5 Lyell's Geology, p. 280; Darwin's
Journal, ch. xix. The Amblyrhynchus inhabits also S. America.

In the Island of Cuba are found the following genera: Emys (decussata and
rugosa, Shaw) Crocodilus (rhombifer and acutus,) Holotropis, Cyclura, Anolis,
Acanthophis, Chamaeleolis, Hemydactylus, Sphaeriodactylus, Gymnodactylus,
Amphisbaena, Typhlops,Tropidophis, Leionotui, Epicrates,Calamaria, Coluber,
Phyllobates, Trachycephalus, Bufo. The greater part of these genera are
unknown in the United States.

In Mexico there exist a number of very remarkable types, differing entirely
from those of our own country, viz., the genus Heloderma (horridum,) Cyclura
(denticulata and punctata,) Corythseolus (vittatus,) Chamaeleopsis (Hernandesii) ;
besides these are several species of genera belonging to our fauna, viz., Scelo-
porus (torquatus, formosus, spinosus, and others,) and six species of Gerrhonotus.f

The following remarks are made by Prof. Agassiz : "It has been already
stated that the present distribution of animals agrees with the distribution of
extinct types belonging to earlier geological periods, so that the laws which
regulate the geographical distribution of animals seem to have been the same at
all times, though modified in accordance with the successive changes which the
animal kingdom has undergone, from the earliest period of its creation to the
present day. The universal law is that all animals are circumscribed within
definite limits. There is not one species which is uniformly spread all over the
globe, either among the aquatic races or among the terrestrial ones. The special

* For plate of Dilophyrus grandis (Gray) see Cantor, pi. xx. p. 34.

f The most important facts in regard to the geographical distribution of rep-
tiles are contained in the great work of Dumeril and Bibron, by far the most
complete and useful on general herpetology that has yet been published.

104 [June,

adaptation of animals to certain districts is not merely limited to the individual
species. We observe a similar adaptation among genera, entire families, and even
whole classes. For instance, all Polypi, Medusae and Echinoderms, that is to say,
all Radiata, without exception, are aquatic. That large group of animals has not
a single representative upon any part of the surface of the globe, and during all
periods of the existence of our earth we find that they have been limited to that
liquid element. And they are not only aquatic, they are chiefly marine; but
exceedingly few of them are found in fresh waters. Among mollusca we find
almost the same adaptation ; their element also is the sea. The number of fresh
water species is small, compared with that of marine types ; and we find terres-
trial species in only one of these classes. In former periods also mollusca were
chiefly marine ; fluviatile and terrestrial types occurring only in more recent
periods." p. 195. The number of " marine species of fishes is far greater than
of the fresh water kinds. Among reptiles there are many which are aquatic,
either throughout life, or through the earlier period of their existence. But as if
animal life rose to higher organization as it leaves the ocean to inhabit dry land
or fresh waters, we find that the greater number of the aquatic reptiles are fiu-
vialile and but a few marine." The four great types, Radiata, Mollusca, Articu-
lataand Vertebrata were introduced at the beginning simultaneously. However,
the earliest representatives of all these great types were aquatic. We find in
the lowest beds which contain fossils, polypi, together with star fishes, bivalve
shells, univalve chambered shells, cases of worms and Crustacea, b?ing at least
representatives of seven of nine classes of invertebrate animals, if we are not al-
lowed to suppose that medusas existed also, and if insects were still wanting for
a time. But in addition to these, fishes among vertebrata are introduced, but
fishes only, all of which are exclusively marine. At a somewhat later period
insects come in. We find next reptiles in addition to fishes, the lower classes or
invertebrates, continuing to be represented through all subsequent epochs, but by
species changing gradually at each period, as all classes do after they have been
once introduced. The first representatives among reptiles are marine, next huge
terrestrial ones, some perhaps flying types, and with them, and perhaps even
before, the birds, allied to the wading tribes. Still later mammalia, beginning
again with marine and huge terrestrial types, followed by the higher quadru-
peds. And lastly, man, at the head of the creation in time as well as in emi-
nence, by structure, intelligence, and moral endowments." Geographical Dis-
tribution of Animals, p. 197.

For reliable plates illustrating genera and species of reptiles, vide among
other works,

Cuvier, Regne Animal. 4to edit. Paris.

Griffith's Animal Kingdom. Reptilia. London, 1832.

Dumeril et Bibron. Herpetologie generale, ou Histoire Naturelle complete
des Reptiles. Paris, 1834.

Holbrook, North American Herpetology. 5 vols. 4to. Philad., 1842.

Bonaparte, Iconographia Fauna Italica, Roma. 1832 41.

Illustrations of Zoology of Southern Africa, by Andrew Smith, M.D. Rep-
tilia. London, 1849.

Voyage dans la Russie Meridionale et la Crimee, execute sous la direction de
M. Anatole de Demidoff. (Fauna Pontica.) Paris, 1842.

Voyage dans l'Amerique Meridionale, par Alcide D'Orbigny. Reptiles. Paris,
1847.

De La Sagra, Histoire Naturelle de Pile de Cuba. Fol. Paris.

Atlas zu der Reise im Nordlichen Africa, par Edward Ru'ppell. Frankfort am
Main, 1826.

Neue wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig entdeckt und bes-
chrieben von Dr. Edward Riippell. Frankfurt am Main. 1835 40.

Fauna Caspio-Caucasia, nonnullis observationibus novis, illustravit Edouardus
Eichwald. Petropoli, 1841.

Untersuchungen uber die Fauna Peruana von J. J. M. Tschudi. St. Gallen.
184446.

1854.] 105

Zoolosischer Atlas enthaltend Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer Thie-
rarten, beobachtet von Dr. Fried. Escholtz. Berlin, 1829.

Voyage dans lTnde par Victor Jacquemont. Atlas. Paris, 1844. (Sitane,
Calotes, Chamaeleo vulgaris.)

The Zoolouy of the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; edited and superintended by
Charles Darwin, Esq., M.A., F.R S., F.G.S.C, &c. London, 1842.

The Zoology of Capt. Beechy's Voyage. London, 1839.

Guerin. Iconographie du regne animal. Paris, 1829 44.

Faune Franchise. 3 v. 4to. Paris. a

Description of four new species of Viviparous Fishes front Sacramento River, and
the Bay of San Francisco. Read before the California Academy of Natural
Sciences, May 15th, 1854. By W. P. Gibbons, M.D.

Hysterocarpus Traskii, Gibbons.

Body ovate, sub-compressed. Jaws with a single row of conical teeth.
Opercle and preopercle with scales, and with a membrane round the edge.
Dorsal fin commences opposite the pectoral, has seventeen strong curved
spines, the first short, the succeeding ones increasing regularly in length to the
sixth, which is the longest, and eleven articulated rays. The spinous rays lie
in a groove, which conceals the first two ; the remainder project an inch and a
quarter above the scales, and lapping by each other alternately form, in this
position, a double row.

Pectoial subquadrangular, with the lower edge rounded, and the first ray
short and subspinous. First ray of the ventrals shorter than the others, spinous
and curved.

First three rays of the anal fin with short, thick and curved spines, the middle
one largest.

Body arched, the radius of curvature being least along the anterior half of
the dorsum. Facial line about 45 : profile slightly incurved along the line of
the interparietal and frontal bones. Snout protractile, lips thick, lower jaw
longest. Eyes rather large and near the facial outline- Nostrils double,
covered with a valve half way between the anterior edge of the orbit and the
upper lip.

Lateral line nearly concurrent with the back. Scale? large, deciduous.
Smaller on the summit of the head, and on the opercle, at the base of the tail,
anal and ventral fins, and on the space bounded anteriorly by the ventrals and
pectorals.
'Extreme length 6.5 in., width 3 in., weight 2 oz.

Color. Back varying from ash color to dark brown ; irregular black patches,
approximating somewhat to bands, across the sides. Belly lemon yellow,
becoming lighter and blending with the ash color up the sides. Sides, in some,
punctated with black. Dark and yellow patches on the fins. D. 28, P. 18, V. 6,
A. 25 to 28, C 20.

Var. B. Facial line not so angular as the other, head deeper, and less dorsal
curvature.

The anatomy of these fishes is similar to that of the viviparous species
which I have already described, except that the uterus, instead of being bipar-
tite, is ovoid, having but a single umbilical cord, which returns its venous blood
into the portal system. Intestinal canal 6 in. long, enlarged at each extremity.
The specimens of this fish were presented to me for description by my friend, Dr.
J. B. Trask, who obtained them through the kindness of Mr. Morris, from the
lagoons of the Sacramento river, and from the river itself, where they are found
as high up as the fishermen have yet been. They are the first specimens of
the fresh water vivipara that have come to hand.

Hyperprosopon argenteum, Gibbons.

Body compressed, oval. Jaws with a double row of teeth, inner row imper-
fectly developed. Cheeks and opercle scaly, membranous round the edges.

106

[June,

Dorsal fin commences behind the pectorals and ventrals, has eight or nine spinous,
slightly curved rays, first short, half as long as second, second and third half as
long as its succeeding one. Articulated rays 28. Dorsal groove obsolete along
soft rays, the spinous rays projecting above it. Pectoral cuneate, with one very
short subspinous ray. Ventrals with one spinous and five articulated rays ;
connected with the abdomen by a membrane. A space extending from the base
of the ventrals to the vaginal orifice 1 in. wide, free of scales. First three
rays of anal fin spinous^; two rows of fine scales along tbe base of the anterior
third ; the posterior tw% thirds situated in a groove. Nostrils double, anterior
ones closed with a valve.

Back regularly arched, with a slight incurvation in some along the frontal
bone. Curve of the belly greater than that of the back. Latter line com-
mencing at the upper angle of the opercle and nearly concurrent with the
back. Eyes very large, irides white, with a brown crescent above. Lips thin.
Jaws slightly protractile. Upper lip on a line with the superior edge of the
pupil, and with sides nearly vertical when the mouth is open. Head ash color
and dark brown. Back light brown with metallic tints, silver white below
the lateral line ; 22 24 silver white longitudinal stripes. Scales above the
lateral line, around the tail and anal fin smaller than the others. Outer edge
of dorsal membrane, caudal and ventrals darkly punctate. Tips of the ventrals
black. Length, including C. 9| in., width with D. 4.5 ; weight \ lb.; D. 8 to
9 spinous, 26 ramose; P. 1 spinous, 20 24 ramose; A. 3 spinous, 32 ramose; C.
22.

Var. A. Punctatum. Smaller than the above, with sides punctate with black,
head shorter, eyes smaller, dorsal outline more curved and facial outline more
continuous with the curve of the back than the preceding.

Cymatogaster aggregates, Gibbons.

Back slightly arched, lateral line not concurrent with the dorsal outline, belly
curved more than the dorsum. Space behind the ventrals covered with scales.
Head ash color. Body with eight or nine longitudinal stripes of black dots,
commencing below the lateral line and becoming obsolete opposite the end of
the dorsal fin, which are interrupted by three or four lemon colored vertical
bands. Back dark brown with metallic tints. Belly and tail end silver white.
Extreme length 5 in.; width including the dorsal, 2.25 ; weight 2 oz ; D. 21 :
9 spinous, first short, second, third and fourth double the length of its pre-
ceding one ; V. 6, first spinous ; A. 15 or 16, first three short and spinous ;
C. 20 ; P. 20 or 24, first short and spinous.

Cymatogaster minimus, Gibbons.

Back more curved than the preceding ; back brown and with metallic tints,
sides punctate with black, with lemon color patches along the middle. A dif-
fused dark brown or black spot on the dorsal about the end of the spinous rays ;
membranes of the dorsal, the tail and anal punctated black, ventrals yellow at
base, tipped with black; a diffused black patch under the pectorals.

D. 23 or 24, V. 6, A. IS to 20, P. 20 to 24, C. 20. About the same size as the
preceding species.

Var. All the characteristics of the type, but with larger scales and of a
lighter color. Extreme length 6 in., width 3.25.

Of the genus Cymatogaster 1 have already described two species.

Synopsis of the Dermestidce of the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Following the arrangement proposed by Erichson, and introducing one new
genus, Apsectus, our native genera are thus related :

1. Ocellus nullus ....... Dermestes.

2. Ocellus frontalis :

A. Mesosternum angustum ; coxae intermedia? approximate :

(os liberum) . Attagenus.

1854.] 107

B. Mesosternum transversum ; coxae intermediae distantes :

a. Mesosternum bifidum ; os prosterno obtectum ;

Labrum mandibulaeque libera : (ligula dilatata) . Trogoderma.
Labrum solum liberum ;

Fossulae antennales submarginales ; corpus pubescens . Cryptorhopaluivi.
Fossulae antennales marginales ; corpus squamatum . Anthrenus.

b. Mesosternum integrum ;

Tibiae anticae tenues ; corpus longe pilosum . . Apsectu.
Tibiae anticae latiores, os obtegentes : corpus glabrum . Orphilus.

Dermestes Linn.

a. Abdominis articulis tertio quartoque maris medio penicillatis.

1. D. marmoratus, oblongns, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque fulvo-
variegatis, hoc punctis tribus ad medium cinereis ornato, elytris cinereo- fulvoque
variegatis, macula magna subhumerali oblonga (angulis prolongatis) cinerea ;
infra candidus, segmento abdomis ultimo lateribusque nigris, illo basi albo-macu-
lato, pedibus nigris, femoribus annulo albo ornatis, antennis piceis. Long. -47.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 197.

Nebraska and Texas. The largest of our species, and very distinct by the
large subquadrate cinereous spot just behind the base of the elytra: the outer
margin of the spot is prolonged along the side of the elytra, and extends on the
humerus : the inner anterior angle is prolonged towards the suture, while the
inner posterior an^le is prolonged backwards; excluding the prolongation, this
spot is about one half longer than wide, and the inner prolongation is small
compared with the outer portion, which is one third the length of the elytra : in
the next species the inner prolongation is large, so that the mark appears like
an irregular subbasal fascia, and the spot itself is not longer than wide.

Erichson (Ins. Deutschl. 430, note) gives as synonyms D. caninus Germ., and
D. tesselatns Herbtt. This view appears to me entirely unfounded. The true
marmoratus Say, seems not to be known to the German entomologists. By in-
advertence Erichson also quotes the Trans. Am. Phil. Society, for the original
description of Say.

2. D. Mannerheimii, oblongus, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque fulvo-
variegatis, hoc punctis cinereis tribus ornato, elytris cinereo variegatis, fascia
subbasali extus paulo dilatata cinerea, subtus candidus, abdominis lateribus
segmentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi albo-notato, pedibus nigris, femoribus annulo
albo ornatis, antennis obscure ferrugineis. Long. -31 '37.

Dermestes marmoratus\ Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc, 1843, 258.

San Diego and San Francisco, California. The small size given by Count
Mannerheim, enables his specimens to be referred to this species : its characters
are sufficiently pointed out above. The spot or fascia extends one fourth the
length of the elytra.

3. D. f a s c i a t u s, oblongus, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque fulvo varie-
gatis, elytris lineolis transversis cinereis fasciaque pone basin lata irregular!
ornatis ; infra candidus, abdominis lateribus segmentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi
albo tripunctato ; antennis pedibusque nigris, femoribus cinereo annulatis. Long.
3 35.

New Mexico, Mr. Fendler : also allied to the two preceding, but the fascia
of the elytra is not connected with the base, is not dilated externally, and hardly
even touches the scutel ; the latter as in D. marmoratus and Mannerheimii is
cinereous.

4. D. nu bil u s, oblongus, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque cinereo fu I voque
variegatis, elytris cinereo plus minusve variegatis, scutello densius pubscente ;
infra a lbidus, abdominis lateribus segmentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi albo bipunc-
tato, femoribus nigris albo annulatis, antennis obscure ferrugineis. Long. *3 35.

Say, New Ins. of Louisiana, collected by Joseph Barabino, (1832.)

Dermestes dissector Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 115.

Texas, collected by Lieut. Haldeman, and by the Boundary Commision ; also

108 [June,

in Canada (Kirby). The general direction of the markings of the elytra is
transverse, sometimes they are so numerous that the elytra appear dull cinereous,
with a few transverse black lines.

5. D. murinus, oblongus niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque cinereo-ful-
voque variegatis, elytris cinereo-variegatis, scutello densius pubescente, infra
albidus, abdomine lateribus segmentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi albo-bipunc-
tato, antennis nigris. Long. *3.

Linn. Faun. Suec. (synon. vid. Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. 429).

Middle and Southern States and Nebraska ; probably imported. This species
differs from the last by the color of the antennae : the markings of the elytra are
less disposed to become confluent.

6. D. s o b r in u s, oblongus, niger, subaequaliter fusco-pubescens, (sparsius
in elytris) ; subtus albidus, abdomine maculis nigris quadruplici serie ornato,
femoribus albo-annulatis, antennis obscure ferrugineis. Lonjj. -32.

One specimen, Texas, Mr. Haldeman. This has entirely the form of D.
nubilus, but the uniform pubescence, and the four abdominal series of spots will
enable it to be readily recognized : the last joint of the abdomen is white, with
two lateral and two fainter internal black spots at the base, corresponding to
the spots on the other segments.

7. D. talpinus, oblongus, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque cinereo va-
riegatis, pilis fulvis intermixtis, scutello fulvo pubescente, elytris lineolis
angustis transversis cinereis variegatis; subtus albidus, abdominis lateribus seg-
mentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi albo bimaculato, antennis piceis apice dilutiori-
bus, femoribus albo annulatis. Long. *24 '32.

Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1853, 257.

California and Oregon ; abundant. The lines of the elytra are very narrow,
and occasionally are varied with fulvous hairs : the color appears from the nar-
rowness of the markings much darker than in our Eastern species.

8. D. r a 1 1 u s, oblongus magis elongatus, griseo-pubescens, (maculis denudatis
variegatis) thorace minus subtiliter punctato, subtus albidus, abdomine griseo
nebuloso, antennis nigris. Long. '20'.

One specimen, California, Mr. Child. This species is a little narrower than
the preceding, and from the appearance of the hair of the upper surface looks as
if well preserved specimens would be uniformly pubescent, as in the densely
pubescent varieties of D. murinus. The specimen being a female, I am not
certain that it belongs to this division, but have placed it near those to which it
seems most closely allied. The hairs of the thorax appear slightly intermixed
with fulvous, and the punctures are more distinct than usual. The pectus is
white as usual, but the abdomen is of a dirty clouded white color, becoming
white only at the middle of the base.

9. D. m u c o r e u s, oblongus, magis elongatus, nigro-piceus, pubescens, tho-
race lateribus et apice, elytrisque versus basin densius pubescentibus, subtus
candidus, segmentis abdominis gutta utrinque nigra notatis, (pedibus anten-
nisque piceo-rufis). Long. -23.

One mile from New York. This specimen is evidently immature, but the
white undersurface, marked only with the black lateral spots will enable it to
be recognized : the last segment of the abdomen is white, having only the lateral
spot each side at the base. The femora are not annulated. The appearance is
that of a small D. vulpinus, but the sexual characters are those of the present
group.

10. D. p u 1 c h e r, oblongus, rufus, subtilius cinereo pubescens, elytris nigris
hurneris oblique runs. Long. *25.

Philadelphia, Mr. Newman, in a dead oak tree. A moderately robust species,
uniformly but not densely pubescent, both above and beneath, and very re-
markable by its color. The elytra in some lights show some very faint traces
of striaj behind the middle. Five specimens were found.

1854.] 109

11. D. 1 a r d a r i u s, subcylindricus, niger, pubescens, elytris usque ad
medium dense cinereo pubescentibus, macula utrinque basali punctisque utrinque
tribus nigris notatis. Long. *3 # 32.

Linn. Fauna Suec. (v. Ericbson Ins. Deutschl. 436) ; Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am.
115.

A common and destructive insect, whicb we owe to theotber continent. Tha
form of body is longer, more cylindrical, and less pointed than in any of the
preceding species.

12. D. e 1 o n g at u s, elongatus, cylindricus, piceus, aequaliter fusco-pubes-
cens, elytris obsolete striatis, antennis rufo-piceis. Long. -35.

Georgia, rare. Still longer and narrower than D. lardarius, with the hairs
uniformly, but not densely placed, and permitting the punctures to be readily
seen. The elytra show traces of slightly impressed striae along their whole
length.

b. Abdominis articulo quarto maris medio penicellato.

13. D. vulpinus, oblongus, niger, cinereo-pubescens, capite t.horacisque
lateribus densius pubescentibus, elytris apice mucronatis, infra niveus, abdomine
lateribus nigro maculato, segmento ultimo nigro maculis duabus albis notato,
ano fulvo pubescente. Long. 34.

Fabr. Spec Ins. 1, 64, (1781), vide Er. Ins. Deutschl. 426. Oliv. Ins. 9, 8,
tab. 1, fig. 6.

Dermeste.i macula-Uts DeGeer, Ins. 4, 223. (1774).

Var. Supra aequaliter dense cinereo-fusco pubescens.

Dermestes Iwpinus Erichson, Weigm. Archiv. (1843), 206. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
(1843), 85.

New York, Nebraska, Texas, California. The variety is quite abundant in
the two localities last mentioned. Erichson describes the last segment of the
abdomen as having a broad black vitta ; as, however, the tip is pubescent, and
the lateral spots also large, it seems more natural to describe it as having two
white spots at the base extending beyond the middle. By comparison with
other species, it will be seen that this is the most common form of marking, and
that in the present species, the spots are merely exaggerated beyond their usual
size. The antennae and feet are piceous, the bases of the thighs, especially of
the posterior pair are covered with white pubescence.

Attagenus Latr.

1. A. p e 1 1 i o, ovalis, niger, supra nigro-pubescens, thorace guttulis tribus ad
basin, elytris gutta utrinque ad medium albo-pilosis, infra cinereo-pubescens,
antennarum basi tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2.

Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. (Mand.) 3, 126 ; Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 114.

Dermestes pellio Linn. Faun. Suec. (vide Er. Ins. Deutschl. 440).

A common European insect, occurring frequently in New England and Canada.

2. A. m e g a t o m a, ovalis niger, supra dense punctulatus, nigro-pubescens,
antennarum basi pedibusque rufis, subtus fusco-pubescens. Long. -15 25.

Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. 441,

Dermestes megatoma Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 313.

Abundant in houses. Probably imported from Europe. The specimens of
Say's species in Dr. Melsheimer's collection belong here, but Say's description
seems rather to refer to the next species.

3. A. s pu r cu s, ovalis minus convexus piceus, infra et supra fusco-pubescens,
thorace confertim punctulato, pedibus antennisque rufis, his apice fuscis. Long.
17.

? Attagenits cylindricornis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 185.

One female, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. Less convex than the
preceding, and easily known by the brown pubescence of the upper surface.
The thorax is twice as wide as long, finely p-inctulate, not very convex, broadly
bisinuate at base, with the posterior angles slightly produced.

Say's description is as follows: 'Body reddish brown, with very numerous

110 [June,

short, ferrujinous, somewhat rigid, sericeous hairs : head blackish with an ob-
scure rufous frontal spot; antennae pale rufous, terminal joint dark brown;
mouth rufous ; thorax nearly as dark as the head ; elytra paler than the thorax ;
beneath piceous black; feet pale rufous.'

4. A. dichrous, ovalis minus convexus, niger, minus dense supra longius
pubescens, thorace parce punctulato, utrinque ad basin impresso, elytris, antennis
pedibusque laete rufis. Long. *16

One male, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. Differs from all the others known to
me by the coarser and longer dark greyish hair of the upper surface ; the last
joint of the antennae is as long as the others united, and is slightly sinuate inter-
nally towards the apex. The thorax is more than twice as wide as long, not
very convex, shining and finely but not densely punctulate ; the base is broadly
bisinuate and impressed, the posterior angles are rounded.

A. cylindricus Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 1 13, tab. 7, fig. 3, is unknown to
me ; it was found near the Rocky Mountains, and is said to have the appearance
of a Cryptophagus.

Trogoderma Latr.

1. T. o r n a t u m, subovale, nigrum, subtus griseo-pubescens, thorace con-
vexo, confertim subtiliter punctulato, pilis cinereis fulvisque variegato, elytris
subtiliter punctulatis, lineis undulatis ferru^ineis, pilisque cinereis et fulvis sub-
fasciatis, antennis tibiis tarsisque rufo-piceis vel fuscis. Long. '14 *17.

Megatoma ornata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 185.

One specimen from Texas, Mr. Lindheimer and others from New York. This
species has precisely the form of the next, but is readily distinguished by the fine
dense punctures of the thorax, and the finer punctures of the elytra. The pubes-
cence of the thorax forms two yellow transverse lines, one near the tip, the
other at the middle, and some basal white spots : that of the elytra, forms three
narrow dentated lines and a basal, irregular spot; the anterior and medial lines
are somewhat connected towards the suture. The club of the antennae is elon-
gated, composed of five points not very loosely articulated in the female, and is
broad and serrate in the male.

2. T. inclusum, subovale, nigrum, thorace convexo, vix punctulato,
pilis sparsis cinereis variegato, elytris minus subtiliter punctulatis fascia lata sub-
basali guttam utrinque nigram includente, lineisqueduabusad suturam connexis
cinereis ornatis, antennis tarsisque rufo-piceis vel fuscis, subtus subtiliter nigro-
pubescens. Long. "17.

New York : I once found a considerable number in a trunk full of duplicate
insects: the antennae are as in the female of the last, in all my specimens.

3. T. pallipes, subovale, nigrum, subtus griseo-pubescens, thorace convexo,
parce punctulato, pilis cinereis adsperso, elytris minus subtiliter punctulatis,
lineis undulatis furrugineis, pilisque cinereis et fulvis subfasciatis, antennis
pedibusque testaceis,clava, femoribusque infuscatis. Long. -14.

Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2,269.

One female, Georgia. This species is very closely allied to T. ornatum, but
the less dense punctures of the thorox will enable it to be separated. The
specimen described by Mr. Zeigler was evidently only recently transformed,
and therefore had not yet attained its full color. The club of the antennae is as
in T. ornatum, whence it may be concluded, that the male will be found to have
pectinate antennae.

4. T. tarsale, elongato-ovale, postice paulo angustius, nigrum, thorace
vix punctulato, pilis cinereis adsperso, elytris punctulatis, lineis ferrugineis undu-
latis variegatis, pilisque cinereis subfasciatis, antennis pedibusque piceo-rufis
femoribus infuscatis. Long. -10.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 116.

Middle States, not rare ; frequently found in Zoological collections. This
species is smaller and narrower than the preceding, and is slightly ovate in form,

1854.] Ill

the elytra being gradually narrowed from the base : in all those above described
the body is regularly oval, beng equally obtuse at each end. The antennae of
the male are strongly pectinate, those of the female are terminated by a small
four-jointed club.

5. T. pusillum, elongato-ovale, postice haud angustius, nigrum, thorace
subtiliter punctulato, pilis cinereis marmorato, elytris punctulatis lineis undu-
latis ferrugineis, pilisque cinereis fulvisque marmoratis, antennis pedibusque
piceo-rufis, femoribus infuscatis. Long. -08.

Louisiana, given me by Mr. Guex. Considerably smaller than the preceding,
more obtuse anteriorly, hardly narrowed posteriorly, and with the hairy spots
of the elytra forming distinct transverse undulated lines. The antenna? of the
male are strongly pectinate.

Cryptorhopalum Guer.

1. C. balteatum, ovale nigrum, cinereo-pubescens, thorace versus
latera, elytrorurn annulo humerali, fasciis duabus rectis apicequedensius pubes-
cenlibus, tarsis testaceis. Long. -11.

San Diego, California. From the fasciate elytra, this species has the appear-
ance of Trogoderma, but the antennas are terminated by a very large two-jointed
club, which is received in an excavation just within the lateral margin of the
thorax.

2. C. t r i s t e , subovatum nigrum, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, thorace
sat dense subtiliter punctulato, elytris confertim punctulatis, antenrarum basi,
tibiis tarsisque piceis. Lonj. -10 -13.

San Jose, California. Somewhat ovate in form, more obtuse behind than in
front, but broadest about the base of the elytra. The hair is fine, and dark
colored, although not sparse; the punctures of the thorax are not distinct, but
those of the elytra are quite obvious.

Closely allied to this species must be Anthrenus a p i c a 1 i s Mann. Bull.
Mosc. 1843, 258. It is also from California, and (by description) differs from
the species here described, by the tip of the elytra, and the feet being reddish.

3. C. picicorne, ovatum, nigrum, subtiliter nigro-pubescens, thorace
subtiliter punctulato, elytris confertim punctulatis, antennis tarssique piceis.
Long. -09.

Pennsylvania to Georgia. A little broader and somewhat less convex than
the preceding, but very similar to it in characters ; the pubescence appears also
less dense. The base of the antennae is sometimes testaceous; the tibiae appear
to be always black.

4. C. ruficorne, subovatum, nigrum, subtiliter parcius nigro-pubescens,
thorace vix punctulato, elytris punctulatis, antennis tibiis tarsisque obscure
rufis. Long. -08.

Southern States. Easily distinguished by the less abundant pubescence, the
almost smooth thorax, and the reddish brown antennae.

5. C. hemorrhoidale, subovatum, nigrum, subtiliter cinereo-pubes-
cens, thorace vix punctulato, elytris punctulatis, apice late rufis et cinereo
subbifasciatis, antennis tibiis tarsique rufo-piceis. Long. -09.

Anthrenus hcemorrhoidalis Leconte, Ann.Lyc. 1, 170; tab. 11, fig. 4.

Middle and Southern States. In this and the preceding species, the middle of
the base of the thorax is more suddenly produced than in C. picicorne, or C.
triste. The apical spot of the elytra occupies nearly one third of the surface ;
the cinereous pubescence at its anterior portion and at the tip is more dense :
occasionally on each elytron, near the middle of the spot, may be observed a
fuscous dot.

6. C. fusculum, subovatum, nigrum, densius cinereo-pubescens, thorace
subtiliter punctulato, elytris punctatis, (saepe rufescentibus, macula communi
basali triangulari picea,) antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. "06 OS.

Colorado River, California. The dense pubescence, the larger punctures of

112 [[JUNE,

the elytra, and the pale color of the feet and antennae will distinguish the
species ; the elytra of the small specimen are black, while of the larger one,
they are reddish brown, with the base blackish, the dark color extending on the
suture to the middle and not being well denned.

Anthrenus Fabr.
A. Antenna? ll-articulatae, clava triarticulata.

1. A. t h o r a c i c u s, breviter ovatus supra niger, thoracis lateribus, elytris
fasciis tribus, guttaque apicali albosquamosis, anterioribus extrorsum confluen-
tibus, maculam magnam formantibus, sutura, humerisque subtus fulvo-squamosis.
Long. '10 14.

Melsheimer, Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 117.

Middle and Southern States. Differs from A. scrophulariae, by the large
external elytral white spot, and from A. pimpinellae by the orange colored suture.
The antennae and thighs are black; the tibiae and tarsi brownish; the under
surface is covered with white scales, portions of the pectus, and a lateral row of
spots on the abdomen are black. The posterior of the three elytral fascia is
rarely entire ; the apical spot is very small. A.adspersus Herbst, (Kafer,
7, 332, tab. 115, fig. 7,) may be a depauperated specimen of this species, but a
comparison will be necessary to determine the fact.

2. A. 1 e p i d u s, breviter ovatus, supra niger ; thoracis lateribus albo-squa-
mosis, gutta nigra inclusa, elytris fasciis tribus angustis suturaque albo squamo-
sis, macula antica suturali aureo-squamosa ornatis, basi parce albo-squamosis.
Long. -11.

San Diego, California : the fasciae at their origin on the suture run obliquely
backwards. The under surface is marked and colored as in the preceding.

3. A. v a r i u s, ovatus, niger, supra luteo-squamosus, thoracis basi utrinque
et ante scutellum, elytrorumque fasciis tribus undatis albidis, infra albidus, an-
tennis pedibusque nigris. Long. 08 '11.

Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 108. vide Er. Ins. Deutschl. 445.

Anthrenus tricolor Herbst, Ins. 7, 333 ; tab. 115, fig. 8.

Anthrenus destructor Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 116.

Abundant in spring, on flowers, especially on those of the Peony; probably
imported from Europe, but now found even in California ; the larva is very
njurious to zoological collections. The antennae are entirely black, the club
narrower than in the preceding species, oval, with the three joints about equal
in size. The white scales of the under surface of the body are mixed towards
the sides and tip of the abdomen with yellow, the first segment of the abdomen
is entirely covered with scales.

4. A. flavipes, breviter ovatus, niger, supra luteo-squamosus, fronte
thoracis lateribus (macula fulva inclusa), elytrorum guttis rotundatis sutu-
raque antice albo-squamosis, infra albo-squamosus, antennis pedibusque rufo-
testaceis. Long. *12.

One specimen, New York, Mr. Calverley. The club of the antennae is broad,
round and compressed ; the first joint of it is very small, and the second only
half as large as the last joint. The spots of the elytra seem inclined to form
three fasciae, and there is, besides, one at the middle of the base of each elytron.
The form of the body is that of A. thoracicus, and as in that species the first
joint of the abdomen has a denuded black line each side behind the coxa and the
white scales are mixed with yellow towards the sides of the abdomen.

B. Antennae 8-articulatae, clava biarticulata.

6. A. castaneae, ovalis minus convexus, niger, supra albo-conspersus,
thorace lateribus subangulatis, elytris saepissime fuscis, fasciis tribus basique
densius squamosis, antennis pedibusque plus minusve testaceis. Long. 06 08.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 116.

Abundant in the Middle and Southern States, especially upon the flowers oi

1854.] 113

Castanea pumila. This species seems to be similar to A. museorum ; but I
cannot discover any sexual differences in a large number of specimens examined.
The antennae are sometimes dark-colored towards the extremity; the feet also
vary in color, the thighs being usually darker than the tibiae and tarsi : the elytra
are generally uniform testaceous brown, sometimes the margin and suture are
dark fuscous.

Apsectus Lee.

Caput prosterno receptum ; oculi magni, ocellus frontalis ; mesosternum trans-
versum hand emarginatum ; antennae tenues, clava 3-articulata, scrobiculis male
definitis receptae ; pedes tenues, tibiis linearibus, antici modice distantes.

A curious little insect, covered with long erect hair, and presenting the ap-
pearance of the European Trinodes ; the antennae are precisely as in that genus ;
the prosternum, however, is truncate behind, and the anterior coxae are moderately
separated; the mesosternum is short, transverse and rounded anteriorly, while
in Trinodes it is cleft as in Anthrenus, Trogoderma, &c. The legs are slender,
the tibiae not dilated; the joints of the tarsi diminish in length from the first to
the fourth, the fifth is about equal to the first. In all other characters it agree
with Trinodes.

1. A. h i s p i d u s, ovalis, modice convexus, niger nitidus pilis longis erectis
nigro-cinereis vestitus, thoracis lateribus rectis submarginatis, elytris parce
punctatis, antennis piceis basi pedibusque fiavis. Long. -05 8.

Syncalypta hispida Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc 2, 117.

Middle and Southern States, on leaves, not abundant. A specimen kindly
given me by Prof. Haldeman was hatched from a protuberance on the stem of
Rhus radicans, but as some small Hymenoptera emerged from other similar ex-
crescences, I think that the relation of the present genus to them is very doubtful.

The last joint of the antennae of the male is elongated, so as to be nearly
equal to the others united.

Varies in color, having the head, thorax and margin of the elytra occasionally
yellowish brown.

Orphiltxs Er.

1. 0. ater, subovatus, antice subacutus, minus convexus, ater, subglaber,
thorace subtilius, elytris subrugose punctatis, his versus suturam longitudinaliter
impressis. Long. 10 13.

Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. 463.

Middle and Southern States, on flowers. In comparison with the European
0. glabratus, Erichson observes, that this one is one half smaller, less shining,
with the thorax more convex and more finely punctured, and with the elytra
more thickly punctured, and somewhat rugous.

Synopsis ef the ByrrhidjE of the United States,

By John L. Le Conte, M.D.

Ngsodendron Latr.

1. N. unicolor, rotundatum nigrum subnitidum, sat dense punctatum
brevissime parce pubescens, antennis piceis. Long. *2 -23.
Say, Long's Expedition to Sources of St. Peter's River, 2, 274.
Middle, Southern and Western States ; rare.

Syncalypta Stephens.

1. S. s t r i g o s a, subglobosa nigra (squamulosa?) setis brevibus erectis
hispida, capite thoraceque subtilius punctatis, elytris apice fere acuminatis,
striis minus profundis, subpunctatis, suturali pone medium duabusque sub-
marginalibus exaratis, pedibus rufo-piceis. Long. -10.

Simplocaria strigosa Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc 2, 118.

114 [June,

The original type of this species, said to have come from Georgia, was
kindly given me by Dr. Melsheimer. When it came into my possession, it was
covered with an incrustation like mud, which induced Dr. Schaum and myself
to consider it formerly as allied to Georyssus. By softening and cleaning the
specimen, it was prepared for examination, and I then found all its characters
to be of the present genus. The br sties were mostly gone, but a few re-
mained about the head and thorax, indicating them to be short and yellowish
white. A few small white scales remain on the under surface, but all vestige
of such a covering on the upper surface is removed. I perceive no characters
by which it can be separated from th> European S. paleata Er. (Ins.
Deutschl. 470,) although a comparison of specimens is necessary before it can
be placed as synonymous with that epecies.

2. S. echinata, subrotundata, utrinque paulo angustata, modice convexa,
nigra parce fusco-squamulosa, setis longis clavatis nigris hi^pida, capite thora-
ceque subtiliter punctatis, elytrorum striis tenuibus punctulatis, suturali ad
apicem, marginalique exaratis. Long. 10.

Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 224.

One specimen found at Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior.

Byrrhus Linn.
(* Alati ; tarsorum articulus tertius haud lobatus.)

1. B. Kirbyi, ovatus, convexus, niger, pubescens, thorace vittis quatuor
atro holosericeis, (externis postice furcalis), elytris vittis utrinque tribus pos-
tice abbreviatis, maculaque tiansversa ad dodrantem atro-holosericeis ; dorso
figura communi valde transversa sinuata argenteo-pubescente interrupta orna-
tis : antennarum articulo ultimo ovali subtruncato. Long. *3l.

Byrrhus ^'cpes|| Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 116; Steffahny, Germ. Zeitschr. 4,
24. '

Lake Superior. Differs from the following species by its smaller size, and
by the elytra being broader and more obtuse posteriorly, whereby the body as-
sumes an ovate form, not seen in the allied species. The markings are very
similar to the next species, but the posterior transverse black spot extending
from near the margin to the middle of each elytron is not seen in B. ameri-
canus. The small silvery spots forming the transverse sinuated figure are
frequently not apparent. I have changed the name given by Mr. Kirby, as
it is preoccupied by a European species.

2. B. americanus, ovalis, convexus, antice subacutus, niger pubescens,
thorace minus distincte vittato, elytris vittis tribus atro holosericeis interrup-
ts, guttisque cinereis figuram communem transversam sinuatam formantibus,
altensque utrinque tribus posticis ornatis : antennarum articulo ultimo rotun-
dato, palpis maxillaribus articulo ultimo ovali truncate Long. *4.

Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 224.

Niagara, Newfoundland and Lake Superior, not rare. The three cinereous
spots behind the transverse figure are placed in a transverse line, about one
fourth from the apex.

3. B. c y c 1 ophoru s, ovalis, convexus, antice subacutus, niger pubescens 5
thorace subvittato, elytris vittis tribus atro-holosericeis interrupts, guttisque
cinereis figuram communem sinuatam formantibus; antennarum articulo ulti-
mo rotundato, palpis maxillaribus articulo ultimo ovali, subtruncato ; pedibus
rufo-piceis. Long. -27.

Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 117 ; Steffahny, Germ. Zeitchr. 4, 24; Mannerheim,
Bull. Mosc. 1852, 341.

Lake Superior. Entirely similar in form to the last species, but only half as
large, and with the last joint of the palpi more oval and less truncate. The
figure on the elytra is of the same form, but less transverse, the length included
by it on the suture being about one third of the elytra. The outer black vitta
of the elytra is not obvious, being represented by two or three small spots.

4. B. geminatus, ovalis, antice subacutus convexus, niger, pubescens,

1854.] 115

thoraee subvittato, elytris vittis tribus alro-holosericeis, figuraque communi
sinuata, postice duplicata et rotundata omatis ; antennarum articulo ultimo ro-
tundato. Long. 33.

Lake Superior, one specimen. This species is also similar in form to the two
preceding, but the figure on the elytra instead of being truncate posteriorly, is
rounded, and double, so as to form at the posterior pari of the usual figure a
lunate figure, concave anteriorly. The palpi unfortunately cannot be seen.

5. B. e x i m i u s, ovalis : utrinque subacutus, convexus, niger, olivaceo- pu-
bescens, thoraee cinereo variegato, elytris atro-cinereoque subtessela'is, figura
transversa communi sinuata postice duplicata, maculaque suturali maioie ad
medium ornalis, tarsis antennisque rulo-piceis, his articulo ultimo subaeumi<
nato. Long. *22.

Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 224.

One specimen, from the Northern shore of Lake Superior. The larger sutu-
ral cinereous spot at the anterior margin of the dorsal figure will enable this
beautiful species to be readily recognized. The palpi cannot be seen.

6. B. murinus, breviter ovatus, convexus, niger, pubescens, et breviter
setosus, elytris nigro-vittatis, vittis subelevatis, punctis cinereis figuram com-
munem transversam postice duplicatam omatis ; antennarum articulo ulti-
mo rotundato, palpis maxillaribus' articulo ultimo ovato, truncato. Long.
172.

Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 104. Steffahny, Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 24.

Byrrhus undatua Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 117.

Byrrhus glabellas Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 118. (specimen de-
tritum.)

Pennsylvania, rare : the American synonyms "were unnecessary, as no differ-
ence has yt-t been pointed out between native and European specimens. Com-
petent European entomo ogistshave pronounced them identical, and their opinion
should be received, until some tangible character can be found for their separa-
tion. The European synonyms are omitted ; they may be found in Erichson,
Ins. Deutschl. (p. 488).

7. B. co n col or Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 117. Unknown to me.

Cvtilus Er.

1. C. varius, subovatus, antice subacutus, convexus, aeneus, vel viridi-
aeneus, pubescens, elytris striatis, interstitiis alternis virescentibus subelevatis,
nigro-tessellatis. Long. 2.

Erichson,. Ins. Deutschl. 400.

Byrrhus varius Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 103; Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 118; Stef-
fahny, Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 28.

Byrrhus trivittatus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 117.

Very abundant through Northern New York, in Maine, and at Lake Superior.
The following variations in color may be observed :

a. Thorax with a large patch of golden hair at the middle of the base ; scutel
covered with grayish hair.

b. Thorax and scutel as above; margin of the elytra and feet reddish- brown,
c Golden hair of the thorax and gray hair of the scutellum less conspicuous;

elytra uniformly dull bronze color, with the alternate interstitial spaces tesst late
with black.

Var. a is most abundant, and is the one named by Dr. Melsheimer; to var. c
may probably be referred Byrrhus alternatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 186.

Pedilophorl*s Steffahny. {Morychus Er.)

1. P. ac u m i n at u s, apterus longiusculus, ovalis, antice subacutus, con-
vexus supra aeneus, nitidus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, thoraee subtiliter,
elytris distinctius punctatis, subtus nigro-piceus, punctatus, griseo-pubescens,
tarsis articulo 3io longe lobato. Long. 18.

Morychus acuminatus Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1852, 341.

116 [June,

Oregon, Col. McCall ; (Sitka, Mannerheim.) The fact that the generic name
ceases to be applicable to certain species now admitted into the genus, is
hardly sufficient to warrant us in substituting the name proposed by Erichson,
for that under which this group was first established.

Simplocaeia Steph.

1. S. tessellata, elongato-ovalis, nigro-aenea, nitida, convexa, utrinque
subacuta, parce cinereo-pubescens, thorace subtiliter punctulato, elytris striis
sat profundis, apice obsoletis, suturali integra, interstitiis parum convexis, obso-
lete punctulatis, maculis cinereo-pubescentibus subtessellatis, pedibus piceis,
tarsis pallidioribus. Long. *13.

Byrrhus tessellatns Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 224.

One specimen, found on the Northern shore of Lake Superior. The reference
of this species to Byrrhus, by me, is another instance of the confusion resulting
from the description of new species of insects of various groups, before the groups
themselves have been submitted to careful study.

2. S. nitida Motsch. Bull. Mosc. 1845, 2, 362; Mannh. ibid. 1S52, 342.
Russian America; unknown to me.

Amphicyrta Er.

1. A. chrysomelina, aptera longius ovata, antice angustior, piceo-aenea,
nitida, convexa, dense subtiliter punctulata, tarsis piceis, tibiis anticis extrorsum
obtuse angulatis. Long. '35.

Erichson, (per Steffahny) Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 40.

Oregon, collected by the late J. K. Townsend, and given me by Mr. Will cox.
Larger and narrower than the following species.

2. A. d e n t i p e s, aptera, ovata, antice angustior, piceo-aenea, nitida, fere
gibba, dense punctulata, subtilius in thorace, antennis palpis, pedibusque rufo-
piceis, tibiis anticis extrorsum subacute angulatis. Long. '25 28.

Erichson, (per Steffahny) Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 40.

Eucyphus hybosoroides Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1843, (teste Mann. ibid.
1852, 342.)

Abundant at San Jose, California, under stones, in March; found also occa-
sionally at San Francisco. The synonym cited from Count Mannerheim,
although suspected by me several years ago, and mentioned in my correspon-
dence with scientific friends, is founded upon a description so very inaccurate,
from typographical errors, that the admission of the author himself was neces-
sary to establish it.

3. A. s i m pi ic ip e s Mannh. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 342. Russian America;
unknown to me.

Limnichus Latr.

1. L. olivaceus ,ovalis,convexus, nigro-aeneus, pubedensa olivacea cinerea-
que sericeus, confertim sat grosse punctatus, thorace subcanaliculato lateribus
rectis, basi media longius lobata, antennis pedibusque nigris, prosterno profunde
sulcato. Long. -10.

Illinois, Mr. Willcox. This species closely resembles the nex% but is larger,
the form is more elongated, the punctures are larger and somewhat less dense.

2. L. pu n ct at u s , ovalis convexus, aeneo-niger, pube densa olivacea seri-
ceus, in elytris cinereo vix variegatus, punctatissimus, thorace subcanaliculato,
lateribus fere rectis, basi media longius lobata, antennis pedibusque nigris
prosterno profunde sulcato. Long. *07 '08.

Pennsylvania, June, abundant.

3. L. obscurus, ovalis, convexus, seneo-niger, pube olivacea cinereaque
subsericeus, sat dense punctatus, thorace subcanaliculato, lateribus rectis, basi
media latius lobata, prosterno profunde sulcato, antennis pedibusque nigris,
Long. *10.

1854.] 117

New York. Less densely and more finely punctured than those above described,
the punctures being more distant from each other than their own diameters, ex-
cept on the head, which is confluently punctured ; the punctures of the thorax
are smaller than those of the elytra, and the lobe of the base is only slightly
prolonged. The body is somewhat acuminate at each end.

4. L. ater, ovalis, utrinque attenuatus, convexus, niger nitidus, cinereo-
pubescens, thorace subcanaliculalo subtiliter punctato, basi longius lobato, ely-
tris sat dense punctatis, punctis ad suturam et apicem subtilioribus, antennis
pedibusque nigris, prosterno sulcato. Long. -08.

Mississippi, Dr. Schaum. Distinguished from L. obscurus by its blacker color,
and by the body being more sharply acuminate at each end ; the thorax is longer,
and the basal lobe is more obvious.

5. L. nitidulus, ovalis utrinque attenuatus, convexus niger nitidus, parce
cinereo pubescens, thorace subcanaliculato, subtiliter punctulato, basi modice
lobato, elytris minus dense punctatis, punctis ad suturam apicem et marginem
subtilioribus, antennis pedibusque nigris prosterno profunde sulcato. Long.*07.

Georgia, in Habersham County. Of the same form as L. ater, but more shin-
ing, with the punctures of the elytra larger, less dense, and becoming smaller
towards the edges.

3 V

6. L. o v a t u s , breviusculus ovatus, utrinque attenuatus, convexus, niger
nitidus, densius cinereo-pubescens, thorace basi vix lobato, vix punctulato, elytris
minus distincte punctulatis, antennis pedibusque piceo-rufis, prosterno profunde
sulcato. Long. 06.

Georgia; found also in Louisiana, according to Mr. Motschulsky. Smaller
and much broader than any of the preceding species. The punctures of the
elytra are not obvious, and those of the thorax, although dense, are so fine as to
be hardly visible.

Physemus j Motsch.

Oculi, labrum, et mandibulae libera; antennae tenues clavatae, clava in fovea
superna ad angulo thoracis antico recepta; tarsi liberi.

Mr. Motschulsky informs me that the insect here described is congeneric
with the Russian Physemus velutinus mentioned by him in his catalogue of the
Hydrocanthares of Russia, (p. 12,) and I have acordingly adopted the name
proposed by him. The insect is of small size, broadly ovate in foyn, subacute
posteriorly. The antennae are longer than the head, the first four joints are
thick, the second being a little shorter, the fifth and sixth are somewhat less
thick, the seventh slender, as long as the sixth: the club is oval, not much
broader than the first joint, and apparently solid, though with a high magni-
fying power, it appears indistinctly articulated. The most remarkable char-
acter is that this club is received in a deep hole, each side of the thorax, on
the zipper surface, just behind the anterior angle. The feet are slender, and
formed as in Linnichus.

1. P. minutus, breviter ovatus, utrinque attenuatus, convexus niger,
densissime subtiliter punctulatus, cinereo-pubescens, prosterno haud sulcato,
pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -03.

Colerado river, California, Has the habits of Linnichus, and appears when
water is thrown on the banks.

10

118 [June,

Descriptions of New Birds collected between Albuquerque, N. M., and San
Francisco, California, during the Winter of 1853 54, by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly
and H. B. Mollhausen, naturalists attached to the survey of the Pacific R. R.
Route, under Lt. A. W. Whipple.

By S. F. Baird.

Cypselus melanoleucus, Baird.

Above dark sooty brown all over, except a white band on the wing, formed
by the tips of the secondary quills, and a white patch on the side of the body
opposite the rump, and extending round so as to be separated on the rump by a
space of about one third of an inch. Beneath white, except the under surface of
the wings and tail, the sides of the body, crissum and under wing and tail coverts,
which are glossy soot black, leaving but a narrow interval of white down the
breast and belly. There may be a narrow black, pectoral collar. There is a
narrow light edging to the outer primary quill.

Total length 5 inches and 8-10ths, wing 5 4-10ths, tail 2 8-10ths, tarsus 3-10ths.

(No. 169.) Camp 123, west of San Francisco Mountains.

Ctjlicivora plumbea, Baird.

Above bluish grey ; beneath white. Front uniform with the crown ; eyelids
white, and over the eye a narrow greyish white stripe, within which is another
of bluish black, partially concealed by the feathers. Quills all edged with lighter.
Tail feathers all black ; the entire outer webs and tips of the two exterior white,
the third narrowly margined and tipped with the same. Bill short. Tail con-
siderably rounded.

Total length 4 inches and 4-10ths, wing 1 9-10ths, tail 2, bill from front 4-lOths,
tarsus 6-10ths.

Differs from C. ccerulea in shorter bill and more rounded tail, the outer
feathers of which are not white but nearly black. The black frontlet is also
wanting. Differs from C. atricapilla in absence of black on the top of the head,
this being replaced by a dark stripe on the side. Mr. Lawrence describes the C
atricapilla as having the outer web only of the lateral tail feathers white, but
Bonaparte states the whole feathers to be white.

Bill-Williams' Fork, Feb. 1854.

Psaltria plumbea, Baird.

Upper parts bluish grey, including the crown ; beneath dirty white or brown-
ish white ; cheeks, throat, and forehead tinged with light brown ; outer margins
of all the quills and tail feathers like the back, but brighter (excepting on the
two outer primaries.) Bill and feet black.

Length 4 inches, wing 2 i-10ths, tail 2 4'j-lOths, tarsus 7-10ths.

Compared with specimens from California of P. minima, this species differs
in having the top of the head uniform with the back ; the whole dimensions
larger, and the bill smaller and more delicate.

Hab. Little Colorado, N. M.

Cyanocitta macrolopha, Baird.

General appearance that of C. stelleri. Tail rounded. Head with a very long
pointed crest, the longest feathers about twice the length of the bill*. Head and
upper part of the neck all round, clear sooty black ; crest glossy, greenish black.
Whole back and scapulars and thighs brownish ash, with a slight' gloss of green.
Rump, upper tailcoverts, sides and whole under parts light cobalt blue. Tail
and exposed surfaces of the secondaries and tertiaries ultramarine blue ; outer
webs of primaries more like the rump. Tail feathers, tertiaries and outer webs
of secondaries distinctly barred with black. The short elongated pointed exte-
rior feathers of the forehead streaked with opaque greenish white, turning to
greenish on those more posterior ; over the eye on the eyelids, a row of silky
white feathers.

Length 12i inches, wing 6, tail 5|.

This bird is figured in Fauna Boreali Americana, Birds pi. 54.

1854.] 119

Differs from C. stelleri in longer and narrower crest, the deeper black of the
head ; the feathers on the side of the forehead streaked with white, not green;
the white feathers over the eye ; more grey on the feathers of the chin at base ;
narrower bill, &c.

100 miles west of Albuquerque, N. M.

Carpodacus cassinii, Baird.

Bill very stout and much elongated, straight or even concave for four-fifths its
length, then gently curved. Wings lengthened ; 2d and 3d quills nearly equal
and longest. 1st intermediate between the 3d and 4th. Tail moderately broad;
quite deeply emarginate ; inner feathers nearly the one fourth of an inch shorter
than the outer.

Male. Whole upper part of the head from the bill to the neck of a rich deep
crimson ; sides of the head below the eyes, chin, throat and upper part of the
breast pale purplish. Feathers on the lower part of the hind neck, back, and
scapulars gray, and with a dark brown central streak, and glossed all over with
purplish. Breast, abdomen, belly, and crissum uniform w T hite, anteriorly tinged
with purplish gray, laterally streaked with brown ; under tail coverts white,
similarly streaked. Lower part of the back and rump faintly purplish. Quills
and rectrices brown ; all margined with dull purplish. Secondary and tertiary
quills and primary coverts more broadly margined. Lesser coverts strongly
glossed with purple.

The female is larger than that of C. obscurus ; wings longer ; belly immaculate,
streaked only on the sides.

Male. Total length 6i inches, wing 3 7-12ths, tail 2 10-I2ths, tarsus 7 |-12ths,
bill on ridge 6 -12ths.

This very strongly marked species may be distinguished by the very long and
nearly straight bill w r hich is larger than in any other N. American species. The
crimson of the head extends to the cervix as in C. purpureus ; the back is con-
spicuously streaked ; the lower parts white and streaked only laterally ; the
reverse being the case in C '. familiaris . It resembles C. purpureus most, but is
larger, bill, wings and tail longer, with less purple on the breast, &c.

Camp 104, Pueblo Creek, N. M., and 75 miles west of Albuquerque.

This species is named in honor of Mr. John Cassin, of the Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences of Philadelphia.

Zonotrichia fallax, Baird.

This species bears a very close resemblance to Z. melodia, of which it is the
western representative. Compared with Z. melodia the bill is considerably
smaller and the tail longer. The plumage above is more ashy, the streaks on
the back not so distinct, the spots are more crowded about the breast, but fewer
on the sides ; their color more uniformly chesnut brown.

Length 6i inches, wing 2 8-l0ths, tail 3.

Pueblo creek, New Mexico.

Pipilo mesoleucus, Baird.

Bill considerably curved and inflexed at edges. Tarsi short, outer claw reaching
a little beyond the base of the middle claw. Above nearly uniform dull olive
brown, except a patch of dark chestnut on the top of the head; chin, throat and
upper part of the breast pale reddish white, streaked on the border of the area
with brown ; and below this there is a central large spot, formed by the adja-
cent brown inner vanes of several feathers. This spot is below the collar of
smaller ones just described. Middle of the breast and abdomen white. Lower
part of the belly, crissum, and under tail coverts light ferruginous. Sides like
the back with a slight tinge of rufous. Wings and tail like the back, the latter
with rusty tips.

Total length 81 inches, wing 3 ll-12ths, tail 4 7-12ths, tarsus 5-12ths.

Differs from P. fusca, (which appears to be confined to the Pacific coast,) in
a more distinct patch of chestnut on the crown, not merely tinged with this
color; lighter throat, the rusty color extending further down, as do the attend-

120

[June,

ant spots, and below these again, a large dark spot partially covered "by the
feathers, and not observed in specimens of P. fusca. The middle of the
breast and abdomen clear white, the rusty of crissum extending further on the
belly. The bill is more rounded and shorter, the tarsus shorter, and the outer
claw extends further on the middle claw.

Pipilo aberti is easily distinguished by the black lores and chin, less distinct
spots on the throat, and nearlj r uniform under parts.

A specimen collected by Mr. Clarke, of the Mexican Boundary Survey, at
the Copper Mines, appears to belong to this species. It has unfortunately lost
its tail. The chestnut patch is paler. A smaller race of the same was col-
lected by Lieut. Couch at Santa Catarina in Mexico.

Centurus uropygialis, Baird.

Head and neck all round, and the lower parts of the body brownish ash,
darkest above ; a broad frontal band of dull yellowish white, (not golden.) A
small quadrate patch directly on the vertex, of deep red ; rest of the upper parts
banded transversely with black and white, even on the rump and upper tail
coverts. Middle of the belly yellow, sides of the body along crissum, and lower
tail coverts banded with black and white, like the back. Primaries black, white
at the base ; secondaries with round spots on the outer web ; two central tail
feathers black on the outer vane with a narrow stripe of white at the base,
running for half the length of the feather near the shaft, and tapering to a point ;
inner vane banded alternately with black and white ; two exterior feathers on
each side banded on both vanes ; intermediate ones entirely black.

Total length 9 inches, extent 16, wing 5, tails 4 l-10th.

Differs from C. carolimcs in yellow belly, resembles it in character of trans-
verse bands above, and markings on the tails. C. flaviventris has the middle
tail feathers entirely black, and the rump and upper coverts white. C.
tricolor has the middle of belly red. C. uropygialis also lacks the golden front
and occiput of this and other species.

Bill- Williams Fork of Colorado, New Mexico.

1351.] 121

July 4/A, 1854.
Major Le Conte in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Dr. W. R. De Witt, State Librarian, dated Harrisburg, Penn.,
June 27th, 185-1, requesting certain numbers of the Journal deficient in
the series in the State Library.

From M. Giovanni Michellotti, dated Turin, June 8th, 1854, stating
his intention to visit this country, and to bring with him his collection
of Fossils, for which he desired temporary accommodations in the Hall
of the Academy. Referred to the Curators.

From Dr. Wm. P.. Gibbons, dated San Francisco, Cal., June 1, 1854,
accompanying a communication entitled, " Descriptions of new species of
viviparous marine and fresh-water fishes, from the Bay of San Fran-
cisco, and the River and Lagoons of Sacramento ; read before the Cali-
fornia Academy of Natural Sciences, Jan. 9, 1854. "

The communication, being intended for publication in the Proceedings,
was referred to Prof. Haldeman, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Le Conte.

Dr. Leidy presented for publication in the Journal the following com-
munications : "Notice of Product! found in the Western States and
Territories, with descriptions of twelve new species ; by J. G. Norwood
and Henry Pratten, of the Illinois Geological Survey;" and " Notice of
the genus Chonetes, as found in the Western States and Territories,
with descriptions of eleven new species; by J. G. Norwood and Henry
Pratten." Both papers were referred to a Committee consisting of Mr.
Conrad, Dr. Leidy, and Mr. W. P. Foulke.

On leave granted, a resolution was offered, presenting to the State
Library, at Harrisburg, Vols. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the 1st series of the
Journal, and Vols. 1 and 2 of the 2d series of the Journal, and Vols. 1
to 6 of the Proceedings.

July IS th.
Major Le Conte in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, July 10th,
1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. 7, No. 2.

From the Rev. Charles Fox, dated Detroit, Michigan, requesting for
the University of Michigan a copy of the Publications of the Academy ;
also relative to a collection of minerals and shells for sale at Detroit.

July lb th.
Dr. Leidy in the Chair.

The Committee on two papers by Messrs. Norwood and Pratten, of
the Illinois Geological Survey, on new species of Producti from the
Western States and Territories, and on new species of Chonetes from
the same, reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

The Committee on Dr. Gibbons' paper, describing new species of vi-

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VII., NO. IV. 11

122

[July,

viparous fishes from California, reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Description of Neiu Species of Viviparous JMarine and Fresh-water Fishes,
from the Bay of San Francisco, and from the Fiver and Lagoons of the Sacra-
mento.* By VV. P. Gibbons, M. D.

In the first paper that I read before the Academy, descriptive of these fishes,
I placed them among the Labroids, on account of their corresponding in charac-
ters to this family, as established by Cuvier. Prof. Agassiz, however, in a letter
received from him, objects to this classification, because of the recent modifica-
tions which have been made in the characteristics of the Labroidae. This question
will be settled by a more intimate acquaintance with this extraordinary family,
which probably comprises a large number of species yet undiscovered. The
anomalous phases of animal and vegetable life in California, indicate the necessity
of patient and thorough investigation before coming to final conclusions respecting
the characters of new fishes. In my present descriptions, therefore, I place
these fishes provisionally in the

Family LABROIDAE.

Genus Holconotus.

Head of medium size ; body subeomprf-ssed, arched ; lips thick. Snout pro-
tractile ; cheeks and opercula covered with scales, the latter with a thin mem-
brane round the edges. Teeth conical, few, in a single row in each jaw.
Branchiostegal rays five. Dorsal commences posterior to the pectorals ; lateral
line nearly concurrent. Spinous rays of the dorsal fold into a groove sufficiently
deep to conceal them. A narrow, naked space two scales below the base of
the middle and posterior portion of the dorsal ; the lengLh of this space not con-
stant in the same species, but present in all the viviparous genera.

H. Agassizi, Gibbons. Curve of the dorsum and belly correspond ; a slight
indentation at the base of the head; jaws equal; dorsal with 9 to 11 spinous
rays, first one about a quarter inch long ; 2d, double or treble the length of the
1st; the others gradually lengthening to the 6th, which is .75 inches; the others
about of equal length ; soft portion at its commencement about double the height
of the spinous, regularly increasing to its termination, inch high. 1st ray of
the pectorals and ventrals spinous ; that of the former very short ; first 3 rays
of anal short and spinous. A space, free of scales, extending from the base of
the ventrals on each side to the base of the anal ; the scales lining the edge of
this space are folded ; in the unimpregnated state, the opposite edges of this
space meet. Ryes of medium size, irides varying in color with white, brown
and yellow; superior anterior edge of the pupil flattened; nostrils double;
cranium covered with mucous ducts as far down as the nostrils ; a diffused patch
of ducts between the nostrils and the angles of the mouth.

Head transparent gray, dark brown or black ; back ash color, dark brown and
olive, with metallic tints; sides copper brown, lightening into beautiful iridescent
and flesh color or rose tints as they approach the ventrals. From 24 to 26 longi-
tudinal stripes of silver white or flesh tints below, and varying from this to yellow
or greenish-yellow as they ascend. Above the lateral line these stripes are nearly
concurrent with the dorsum, but below they are nearly straight and parallel.
Fins and tail irregularly marked with brown, black, olive or yellow. An ultra-
marine blue round the preopercle, under the orbit, and about the angle of the
mouth.

Scales on the breast and along the base of the fins smaller than elsewhere.
Extreme length, 15 inches; width, 6 inches ; weight, 1 to 3 lbs.

D. 35; P. 21; V. 6 ; A. 36; C. 20.

Ii. Gibbonsii, Cal. Acad, of N. S Lips thicker ; body less arched than the

* Read before the California Academy of Natural Sciences, Jan. 9th and May
15th, 22d, and 29th, 1854.

1854.] 123

preceding species : back with a sharp ridge, anterior to the dorsal; curve of the
belly slight till it comes to the base of the anal, at which point it takes an an-
gular turn of about 00, so as to throw the anal rays in a horizontal direction.
Tail turned upwards from a horizontal position, but as the fish advances in age
this curvature is nearly obliterated. Lateral line nearly concurrent. Eyes
medium size, lower edge of the orbit in a line with the upper lip. hides silver
white and brown.

Back dark, with metallic tints. Head dark brown or transparent gray. An
ultramarine blue band nearly surrounds the orbits, passing forward under the
nostrils, where it curves downwards to the angle of the mouth and upper lip.
Same color round the edges of the opercle and preopercle. About 24 longitudinal
stripes, similar in color to the preceding, but more of a rose tint along the sides.
A reddish-brown band extends along the dorsal and ana] ? the tail mottled with
the same color; blue and orange color bands across the ventrals ; 11 or 12 indis-
tinct transverse red bands across the body. Caudal fin furcate, tail wider at the
base of the fin.

Extreme length, 11 inches; width, 4 inches; weight, 1 lb.

D. 35 ; P. 22 ; V. 6 ; A. 36 ; C. 20.

H. fuliginosus, Gibbons. Head yellowish brown, transparent gray or nearly
black; dark brown or black along the upper jaw on each side. Eyes rather
large ; irides silver white, yellow and purple brown. Lips quite fleshy, lemon
color, the yellow extending under the jaw ; parallel stripes, about 24, somewhat
obscure. Scales alons; the base of the fins and in the space anterior to the ven-
trals and pectorals smaller. The free surface of the scales on the back dark
brown ; the angles formed by the edges filled in with blue, both colors growing
lighter as they pass down the sides. Posterior extremity of the dorsal and anal
rounded, dark band across the caudal and along the anal and ventral ; anal
banded blue and brown. Entire length, 13 to 15 inches ; width, including
dorsal, 5.T) ; weight, 2 to 3 lbs.

D. 30; P. 21 ; V. 6 ; A. 29; C. 20.

Cymatogaster,, Gibbons.
Head of medium size ; snout protractile ; lips thickened ; cheeks and opercula
covered with scales ; soft membrane around the edges ; body oblong, ovate sub-
compressed, regularly arched, the curve of the dorsum and belly corresponding.
Teeth small, conical, three row 7 s in the upper, one in the lower jaw ; those in the
latter extending to the angle of the mouth ; branchiostegal rays 5; pectorals
anterior to dorsal; lateral line concurrent; scales of medium size. Nostrils
double, anterior closed with a valve.

C. Larkinsii, Gibbons. Inferior edge of orbit on a line with the upper lip;
eyes of medium size ; lower jaw a little the longer; dorsal with nine spinous
rays; 1st short, 2d, 3d, and 4th, double the length of its preceding one ; 5th,
the longest, about 1.25 in. above the scales, from which the fin diminishes regu-
larly in height to its termination. Pectorals long and pointed, 1st short and
spinous; anal with the three first short and spinous; posterior half of the fin in
a groove similar to the dorsal. Scales back of head, and along the base of the
fins smaller ; those at the base of the anterior portion of anal very small ; space
free of scales from the base of ventrals to that of the caudal.

Head white, gray or mottled with brown ; back, brown and gray ; sides and
belly, silver white ; from 6 to 8 imperfectly defined yellowish transverse
bands across the body. Dark color along the dorsal.

Extreme length, 15 inches; width 5.5; weight 3 to 4 lbs.

D. 36 ; P. 22 ; V. 6 ; A. 32 ; C. 22.

C. pulchelltjs, Gibbons. Line of the upper lip passing through the centre
of the eyes ; lips thin ; two large scales anterior to the orbits ; dorsal commences
posterior to the pectorals, and opposite the ventrals; 1st three spines of dorsal
short; 2d and 3d double the length of its preceding one; 4th three times as
long as the third; 5th the longest, being one inch and seven-eighths, measuring

124 [July,

from the dorsal groove; from this, tlie height of the fin decreases regularly to
its end, the last ray being about inch high ; 1st three rays of anal spinous,
the outline of the fin being somewhat scolloped; about 68 scales along the
lateral line; about 28 narrow silver longitudinal bands, mucous ducts irregularly
dispersed over the head ; head brown and transparent gray ; back, lead color
above the lateral line ; edge of the dorsal membrane black ; scales along the base
of the fins smaller than elsewhere, those along the anterior portion of the anal
very small.

Entire length 14 inches ; in width, , weight 2 to 3 lbs.

D. 35; P. 26 ; V. 6; D. 32; C. 20.

C. elmptictts, Gibbons. Similar in general characters to the Lar&insit,
body compressed, lighter and more silvery lustre, transverse bands darker, with
a line of dark spots along the dorsal ; edge of anal tipped with black. Extreme
length 9 inches, width 4 inches, weight i pound.

Hysterocarpus, Gibbons.
Head of medium size ; snout protractile, lips moderately thick; body ovate,
compressed, arched ; cheek and opercle covered with scales, membranous round
the edges; teeth conical, in a single row, not extending along the sides of the
jaws. Branchiostegal rays 5. Pectoral opposite the dorsal. Intestinal canal
short, with two inflexions enlarged at each extremity. Scales large, deciduous.
Lateral line nearly concurrent with the back.

H. Traskii. Radius of curvature least along the anterior half of the dorsum.
Facial line about 45 degrees; profile slightly incurved along the interparietal
and frontal bones. Lower jaw the longer. Eyes rather large and near the
facial outline. The dorsal has 17 strong, curved spines: 1st short, the succeed-
ing ones increasing regularly in length to the 6th, which is the longest. The
spinous rays lie in a groove, but only the two first are hidden by it, the others
project about quarter of an inch above it, and alternately lap by each other so as
to form a double row.

Pectoral subquadrangular, with the lower edge rounded, and the first ray short
and subspinous. First ray of the ventrals shorter than the others, spinous and
curved. First three rays of the anal spinous, short, thick and curved, the middle
one largest.

Scales smaller on the summit of the back, on the opercula, at the base of the
tail, of the anal and ventrals, and on the space bounded anteriorly by the ven-
trals and pectorals.

Color. Back varies from ash color to dark brown ; irregular blackish patches
approximating somewhat to bands across the sides. Belly lemon yellow, be-
coming lighter and blending with the ash color up the sides. Sides in some,
punctated with black, dark and yellow patches on the fins. Extreme length
G,5 inches, width 3 inches, weight 2 ounces.

D. 28 ; P. 18 ; V. 6 ; A. 23 ; C. 22.

Var. A. Facial line not so angular as the other, head deeper, less dorsal cur-
vature, and no black bands.

The anatomy of these is similar to that of the viviparous species which I have
already described, except that the uterus, instead of being bipartite at its anterior
extermity, is ovoid, and has but a single system of uterine blood vessels.

The specimens from which this description is made were presented to me by
my friend, Dr. J. B. Trask, who obtained them through the kindness of Mr.
Morris, from the fresh water lagoons of the Sacramento river, and from the
river, where they are found as high up as the fishermen have yet been.

Hyperprosopon, Gibbons.

Head of medium size ; body compressed, oval ; snout protractile; lips thin ;
cheeks, opercle and preopercle scaly, with membranous edges ; teeth conical,
in a single row, extending all round the lower jaw, and about half way down
the upper one; branchiostegal rays 6; dorsal commences behind the pectorals

1854.] 125

and ventrals ; scales medium size ; lateral line nearly concurrent with the back ;
intestinal canal short; eyes very large, irides white, with a brown crescent
above.

H. argenteus. Back regularly arched with a slight incurvation along tbe
frontal bone; curve of the belly greater than that of The back ; upp?r lip on a
line with the superior edge of the orbit; sides of the upper jaw nearly vertical ;
lower jaw the longer ; dorsal has eiuh r to nine spinous rays, 1st short ; 2d, 3d
and 4th, double the length of its preceding one, the 6th ray being the longest ;
dorsal groove obsolete along the soft rays; pectorals cuneiform, first one short
and spinous; first three rays of anal tin spinous ; a space quarter of an inch wide
free of scales extends from the base of the ventrals round the vaginal orifice;
nostrils double, anterior ones closed with a valve ; two or three rows of very fine
scales along the base of the anterior third of the anal ; scales above the lateral
line, and round the fins smaller than elsewhere ; head ash color and dark brown ;
back light brown with blue metallic tints, silver white beloiv the lateral line ;
from 22 to 24 silver white longitudinal stripes ; outer edge of dorsal membrane,
caudal and ventrals, darkly punctated, tips of ventrals black. Length including
tail, 9 inches; width 4.5 inch ; weight half pound.

D. 35 ; P. 26 to 28 ; V. 6 ; A. -36 to 40 ; C. 22.

H. arcuatus, Gibbons. Curvature of the dorsum greater, and of the belly lest
than of the Argenteus. Mouth lower, in reference to the eyes. Head shorter,
eyes smaller, dorsal groove longer. About the same size as the other.

Micrometrus, Gibbons.

Head of medium size, body ovate, compressed ; snout protractile ; lips thin;
cheeks and opercula scaly ; teeth conical, in a double row in each jaw, the inner
row having from four to six ; branchiostegal rays five ; dorsal commences behind
the pectoral, and about opposite the ventrals; scales rather large; intestinal
canal six to ten inches long ; eyes of medium size ; tail forked.

M. aggregatus, Gibbons. Back slightly arched; lateral linenot concurrent
with the dorsal outline; belly curved more than the dorsum; space behind the
ventrals covered with scales; head ash color; body with eight or nine longitu-
dinal rows of black spots, commencing below the lateral line and becoming
obsolete opposite the end of the dorsal, which are interrupted by three or four
lemon colored vertical bands; back dark brown, with blue metallic tints; belly
and tail silver white; extreme length five inches; width, including the dorsal,
2.25 inches ; weight two ounces.

D. 21 ; P. 20 to 24; V. 6; A. 16; C. 20.

M. minimus. Dorsum more curved than the preceding; back brown with
metallic blue tints, sides punctate with black, with lemon color patches alom* -
the middle; a diffused dark brown or black spot about the end of the spinous
rays ; membrane of the dorsal, of the tail and anal punctated black, ventrals
yellow at base, tipped with black: a diffused black patch under the pectorals.
About the same size as the preceding.

Var. a. All the characteristics of the preceding, but with larger scales and
lighter color; extreme length six inches; width 3.25 inches.

My i'ilophagus, Gibbons.

Head of medium size ; snout slightly protractile; lips thickened ; cheeks and
opercula covered with scales: with a soft membrane around the ed<es ; body
oblong ovate, subcompressed, arched; back somewhat flattened; teeth conical
a double row in each jaw, those of the lower jaw extending to the an^le of the
mouth; branchiostegal rays six ; pectorals anterior to the dorsal; lateral line
nearly concurrent with the back; scales large.

M. fasciatus, Gibbons. Curvature of belly greater than that of the back ;
eyes rather large, about a quarter inch above the line of the upper lip ; lower
jaw a little the 'oiger ; dorsal with ten spinous rays, first short, the succeeding
ones gradually in:reasing in length to the sixth, which is the longest, being

126 [August,

about seven-eighths of an inch ; articulated rays higher at their commencement
than the spinous. Dorsal groove continuous to the end of the fin ; pectorals long
and pointed first short and spinous ; anal, first three short and spinous; the
posterior half in a groove similar to the dorsal ; scales smaller in front of ven-
trals and along the base of the anal and caudal ; space free of scales extending
from base of the pectorals around the vaginal orifice about one-third of an inch
wide. Head light ash color or mottled with brown; belly silver white; eight
or ten diffused light brown transverse bands across the sides; dorsal with dark
patches; dark bands across the tail, and along the anal. Length, 15 inches;
width, 6 inches ; weight, 3 pounds.
D. 34 ; P. 24 ; V. 6 ; A. 30 ; C. 23.

Pacuylabrtjs, Gibbons.

Head medium size, one fourth of entire length of the body: snout very pro-
tractile ; lips very thick; cheeks and opercula covered with scales, latter mem-
branous round the edges; teeth conical, few, a single row in each jaw ; bran-
chiostegal rays six: nostrils large, double, anterior one closed with a valve;
dorsal commences behind the pectoral, and opposite the ventrals; scales of
medium size; lateral line nearly concurrent. .

P. variegatus, Gibbons. Body subcompressed ; dorsal outline somewhat
depressed along the spinous portion of the fin; curve of the belly regular; head
covered with mucous ducts; six rows of small, semiconcentric scales on the
cheeks ; the superior row commencing at the upper angle of the preopercula and
terminating at the angle of the jaw ; head naked above this limit; eyes large,
furnished with a nictitant membrane ; i rides white ; tail long and thick, widen-
ing at the base of the caudal; dorsal with 10 spinous rays, first short, 2d double
the length of 1st; 3d, 4th, 5th, still longer; the remaining ones about, an inch
long; articulated rays 1.75 in. long at their commencement, half an inch at
their termination ; rounded; pectorals subquadrangular ; 1st short and spinous ;
1st 3d of anal short and spinous; about 30 longitudinal narrow silver lines;
scales very small about the base of the caudal and anal fins. About 83 scales
along lateral line ; lips flesh color; head transparent gray and dark brown; back
lead color, with metallic tints ; color lighter down the sides. Extreme length
14 inches, width 6 inches, weight 1.75 pounds.

D. 34 ; P. 23 ; V. 6 ; A. 33 ; C. 20.

ELECTION.

Col. Victor Motschulsky, of St. Petersburg, and Alexander Von
Nordmann, of the same city, were elected Oorresjjondents ; and the Rev.
J. Brinton Smith, of Kingsessing, was elected a Member.

August 1.
Mr. Cassin in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. E. George Squier, dated New York, July.
18, 1854, transmitting the volume of Transactions of the American
Ethnological Society, acknowledged this evening.

Also a communication from the Royal Bavarian Academy, dated
Munich, May 12th, 1854, transmitting the publications from that
Society, announced . this evening ; also acknowledging the receipt of
certain Nos. of the Journal and Proceedings.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper from Mr. Charles Girard, intended for
publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Descriptions of New Fishes
collected by Dr. A. L. Ileermann, naturalist attached to the Survey of

1354.] 127

the Pacific Railroad Route, under Lieut. Williamson, U. S. A. j" winch
was referred to Dr. Hallowell, Prof. Baird, and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Leidy also presented an addition to the paper of Drs. Shuruard
and Evans, on new fossil species from Nebraska, collected by the North
Pacific Railroad Expedition, under Gov. Stevens ; which was referred to
the Committee on the former portion of the paper.

Also, by the same, a second paper from Messrs. Evans and Shumard,
entitled, " Descriptions of new fossil species from the fresh-water Ter-
tiary formation of Nebraska." Referred to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Conrad,
and Mr. Phillips.

Dr. Leidy presented drawings of the dentition of a new genus and
species of extinct mammal from Nebraska, which he characterized under
the name of Dinictis fdina. The specimen was loaned by Prof. Hall,
of Albany. The head is about the size and general form of Machiarodus
primsevus. The genus holds the same relation to Putorius that Machia-
rodus does to Felis.

August Sth.
Major J. Le Conte in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Trustees of the New York State Library,
dated Albany, July 3, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceed-
ings, Vol. 7, No. 3.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, entitled,
" Synopsis of extinct Mammalia, the remains of which have been dis-
covered in the Eocene Tertiary of Nebraska;'' which was referred to Dr.
Genth, Dr. Rand, and Mr. Chas. E. Smith.

August 15$.
Mr. Cassix in the Chair.

A letter was read from the " Societe du Museum d'Histnire Naturelle
de Strasbourg," dated 2d Jan., 1854, transmitting several Vols, of their
Memoirs; also acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the
Academy for 1852.

A paper was presented from Mr. Chas. Girard, containing additional
descriptions of Fishes collected by Dr. Heermann, which was referred
to the Committee on the former portion of the paper.

Also, a paper by the same, entitled, " Enumeration of Marine Fishes,
collected at San Francisco, Cal.j by Dr C. 13. Kennedy, Naturalist to
the Survey of the Pacific R. R. Route, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple."
Referred to Drs. Hallowell, Baird, and Leidy.

Dr. Hallowell presented a paper for publication in the Journal, entitled,
"Contributions to South American Herpetology " which was referred
to Major Le Conte, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Rand.

1-28

[August,

August '22d.
Wm. Parker Foulke, Esq., in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Royal Imperial Geological Institute of Vienna, dated 19th
May, 1854, accompanying the donation of its publication, announced
this evening.

From the K. L. C. Acad, der Naturforseher, dated Breslau, 28th
April, 185-4, transmitting the last volume of its Nova Acta.

A paper was presented from Prof. Baird and Mr. Charles Girard, in-
tended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Notice of a new
genus of Cjprioidse ;" which was referred to Dr. Ilallowell, Mr. Cassin,
and Dr. Leidy.

Also, a paper from Mr. Girard, containing " Observations on a col-
lection of Fishes made on the Pacific Coast of the United States, by
Lieut. W. B. Trowbridge, U. S. A., for the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution." lleferred to Dr. Hallowell, Prof. Baird, and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled, " Synopsis of the Erotylida3 of the United States." lleferred
to Dr. Ilallowell, Dr. McEuen, and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Leidy made the following remarks.

My friend, Mr. Hanson, has called my attention to a review of the work
entitled, " A Flora and Fauna within Living Animals,' 5 in the Gardener's
Chronicle, London, April 8, 18-'54, edited by Prof. Lindley. The language in
several passages of this review, would imply that the entophyta, described in
the "Flora and Fauna," had not been discovered by its author. This, though
no doubt unintentional on the part of the editor, is ypt so apt to mislead the
judgment of the readers of the Gardener's Chroniclp, in estimating the value of
the work, that I have considered it, in justice to myself, worthy of notice.

Prof. Lindley remarks in reference to the work, " It may be true, that it dops
not contain much, which may not be found in Robin's second edition of his ad-
mirable work on animals;" and further on, says, " We would point out more
especially the plates, which represent the curious parasites which infest the
intestines of different species of Julus, for though the principal of them are not
overlooked by Robin, etc."

Thus it is made to appear, as if Robin had been the discoverer of most of
the entophytes, described in the " Floia and Fauna," when on referring to pages
358, 395 and 403 of Robin's Histoire Naturelle des Vegetaux Parasites, it will
be found that all the vegetable parasites of the former work are duly accredited
to its author.

The " Flora and Fauna " was presented for publication to the Smithsonian
Institute in December, 1851, and appeared in printed form in April, 1853, the
same year in which the second edition of Robin's work was issued from the
press. The descriptions in the latter of those entophyta discovered by me, were
taken from communications, published in the Proceedings of this Society in 1849.

1 take this occasion to make a few remarks on a question in the same review,
which Prof. Lindley proposes, in reference to the nature of the entophytes above
indicated, whether they are to be considered as fungi or algae. Prof. Lindley
observes, " for our own part, we have little doubt that they are all true fungals,
as also are such productions as Saprolegnia, etc." In presenting an opinion
with so little doubt, Prof. Lindley appears not to be " an coura>it >> with a work
entitled, "The Vegetable Kingdom. By John Lindley, Ph. D., &c," in which
the diagnoses of the two families mentioned are as follows :

1854.] 129

Algales. Cellular flowerless plants, nourished through their whole surface by
the medium in which they vegetate; living in water or very damp places, pro-
pagated by zoospores, colored spores or tetraspores.

Fungales. Cellular flowerless plants, nourished through their thallus, (spawn
or mycelium.) living in air; propagated by spores, colorless or brown, and
sometimes inclosed in asci ; destitute of green gonidia.

Now all the entophyta in question, excepting such as are especially described
as fungi, are flowerless plants, and are nourished through their whole surface
by the medium in which they vegetate; aad they live in a watery liquid, (the
intestinal contents,) have no mycelium, and are propagated by spores in the
manner of many undoubted algae ; and, therefore, they agree with the former
diagnosis, and not with the latter. They even differ in a very important char-
acter from Saprolegnia, (which on page 17 of the " Vegetable Kingdom," under
the name of Achlya, is placed among the algae,) which possesses a mycelium,
as I have frequently observed in this curious plant growing upon dead flies,
earthworms, salamanders, &c.

August 29f/i.

Mr. Cassin in the Chair.

The Committees to which were referred several papers hy Mr. Chas.
Grirarcl, read Aug. 1, 15, and 22d, describing new species of Fishes, re-
ported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of neiv Fishes, collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, Naturalist attached,
to the Survey of the Pacific Railroad Route, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson,
U. S. A.

By Charles Girard^
PERCIDJE.

1. Centrarchus interrtjptus, G. General form rather elongated, very
much compressed. Nuchal region swollen ; oculo-cephalic region subconcave.
Snout tapering ; lower jaw longest. Posterior extremity of upper maxillary
reaching a vertical line drawn back of the pupil. Head forming a little less
than the third of total length. Eyes large and circular ; their diameter being
comprised four times in the length of side of the head. Scales on cheeks rather
small ; a little larger on the opercle than on the cheek.

D XIII. 11. A VII. 10. C 5. 1. 8. 7. 1. 4. V I. 5. P 13.

The origin of the spiny dorsal is situated opposite the base of the pec-
torals, and the origin of the anal, opposite the space between the eleventh
and twelfth dorsal spines. The tip of rays, as well as the base of anal,
extends a little farther back than the dorsal. The base of ventrals falls upon the
same vertical line as that which would intersect the base of pectorals. Scales
of medium size; minutely serrated.

Greyish brown above, silver grey beneath. Irregular transverse bands of
dark brown or black, interrupted along the lateral line, the portion of the band
above it is somewhat alternating with the portion beneath it. A large black
spot may be seen at the upper angle of opercle.

Specimens from Sacramento River, Cal.

COTT1D.E s. Cataphracti.

2. Cottopsis gulosus, G. Largest specimens a little over three inches in total
length; of which the head forms the third, the caudal fin excepted. Preopercle
provided with two small spines, such as may be observed in several species of
Cottus proper, the head otherwise is smooth; mouth proportionately large;
posterior extremity of upper maxillary reaching a vertical line, which would
pass behind the pupil. A space of five twentieths of an inch exists between the

12

130 [August,

origin of the first dorsal and the occiput. Second dorsal connected with the
first by a low membrane proceeding from the last spiny ray. Tips of posterior
soft rays not quite reaching the base of caudal. Anal, about as high as second
dorsal, but shorter. Caudal, well developed and posterioily rounded. Origin
of ventrals midway between the tip of lower jaw and the anus. Pectorals broad
and large, its longest rays extending posteriorly as far as the fifth ray of second
dorsal.

D IX. 18. A 13. C 3. 1. 5. 4. 1. 2. V 1. 4. P 15.

Lateral line uninterrupted from thoracic region to base of caudal. Abdomen
beset with minute prickles; skin elsewhere smooth.

Ground color reddish brown ; head and (iorsal region spotted with black.
Dorsals, caudal and pectorals barred with blackish ; first dorsal provided poste-
riorly with an elongated black spot. Anal and ventrals unicolor.

Inhabit San Joaquin River, Cal.

Genus ASPICOTTUS. Girard.

Head covered with bony plates. Opercular apparatus armed with strong spines.
.Mouth moderately cleft; jaw equal. Teeth on the maxillaries and front of
vomer; none on the palatines. Gill openings separated by an isthmus ; bran-
chiostegal rays six in number. Dorsals distinct; first, rather small and lower
than the second. Caudal rounded posteriorly. Pectorals broad and large.
Insertion of ventrals under the base of pectorals. A series of bony scutellae
running along the sides of back from head to tail. Skin otherwise smooth.

Obs. To this genus must be referred Cottus bubalis of Euphrasen, from the
Baltic and Norwegian seas.

3. Aspicottus bison, G. Greatest length seven inches and a half. Head
broad and large, forming a little less than the third of the whole length. Body
tapering rapidly backwards. Orbits raised above the surface of the skull, which
exhibits a parieto-occipital carina. Above and inwardly of nostrils a rough
plate is observable. Preopercle provided with four spines, uppermost very
long, extending backwards to the posterior edge of opercle ; the two next ones
are small and directed obliquely downwards; the fourth, may be seen at the
lower edge of that bone and directed obliquely forwards. The opercle has three
spines; a stout one along the upper margin of that bone, and two small ones
towards its inferior margin and directed obliquely downwards. The posterior
extremity of interopercle. finally exhibits the last and smallest spine of the
opercular apparatus. The isthmus is rather large. The first dorsal begins at a
very short distance from the occiput, and is separated from the second by a
similar small space. Its base is contained once and a half in that of the second
dorsal, the po-terior rays of which, do not reach the base of the caudal. The
caudal in itself is rather long. The origin of the anal is under the fourth ray
of second dorsal ; the tips of its posterior rays are almost even with those of the
last mentioned fin, although its base does not extend as far behind. The ventrals
are long and slender; their insertion being nearly equidistant between the
symphysis of lower jaw and the vent. The tips of pectorals reach a vertical
line, which would intersect the second ray of second dorsal fin.

D VIII. 12. A 9. C 4. 1. 5. 4. [.5. V I. 3. P 16.

The lateral line appears to be occupied by a row of oblong bony plates, from
thirty to thirty-three in number, and extending from head to base of caudal in
diminishing gradually backwards.

Color dark brown above, mottled with black ; fins (except ventrals) yellow
and black. Beneath dull yellowish with brownish meandric lines under the
he^d and throat; ventrals whitish.

From San Francisco, Cal.

Genus LEPTOCOTTUS, Girard.

General form of body and head elongated. Head smooth, with several spines
on the preopercle. Mouth deeply cleft; upper jaw longer than the lower one.
Teeth upon the maxillaries, front of vomer, and palatines. Gill openings

1854.] 131

separated by an isthmus ; branchiostegal rays, six in number. Dorsals
separated by a narrow space; first, rather short, and lower than the second.
Caudal subtruncated. Pectorals broad and large. Insertion of ventrals under
the base of pectorals. Skin smooth as in Scorpceuichthys. Lateral line con-
tinuous for the whole length of the body.

4. Leptocottus armatus, G. Greatest length of specimens observed, about
ten inches. Head forming more than the third of that length, caudal tin included.
Surface of head and snout spineless. The only spines observable are situated on
the preopercle ; a very stout one terminated by three conical processi directed
upwards and forwards, and a small, blunt one beneath directed downwards. The
origin of the first dorsal is situated in a line with the posterior cutaneous flap of
the opercle and upper edge of insertion of the pectorals ; its base is about half
that of the second dorsal. The caudal is subtruncated. The anal is much lower
than the second dorsal and not quite as long. The insertion of ventrals is be-
neath the pectorals and nearer to the snout than to the vent. The tips of pecto-
rals extend to a line corresponding to the anterior ray of second dorsal, which is
in advance of the vent.

D VII. 17. A 16. C. 6. 1. 5. 4. 1. 7. V I. 4. P 19.

Ground color above blackish brown; whitish beneath. Dorsals, caudal and
pectorals, yellowish, barred with black ; anterior dorsal with a black spot pos-
teriorly. Ventrals and anal whitish.

From San Francisco, Cal.

Genus SCORP^NTCHTHYS, Girard.

Head partly covered with bony plates, without, however, any rough appear-
ance. A few small spines on the opercular apparatus. Mouth deeply cleft.
Jaws equal. Teeth on the maxillaries, front of vomer, and on the palatines.
Gill openings continuous; branchiostegal rays, six in number. Dorsals distinct
though contiguous; first rather long and of the same height as the second. Cau-
dal truncated. Pectorals broad and large. Ventrals inserted back of the base
of pectorals. Skin smooth, without either scales or plates; lateral line dis-
tinct and continuous the whole length of the body.

5. Scorp.exichthys marjioratls, G. A large species, of which several speci-
mens were procured. The head forms the third of the length, the caudal fin ex-
cluded. A rather small and blunt spine is situated above and inwardly of the ante-
rior nostril. The snout is rounded and gradually sloping anteriorly. The posterior
extremity of the upper maxillary extends a little beyond the posterior rim of
the eye. The preopercle is armed with two small spines only, and occasionally
with the rudiments of a third. The other pieces of the opercular apparatus are
spineless. A cutaneous, branching flap, similar to those of Scorpceiia, is observ-
able above the posterior rim of the orbit. The first dorsal begins immediately
behind the occiput, with a base almost as long as the head, being composed of
eleven rays, the last sending its membrane to the anterior ray of the second dor-
sal, which is one-fifth of its length longer than the anterior one. The anal is
but little shorter than the anterior dorsal. The insertion of ventrals is a little
nearer to the anal than to the tip of lower jaw. and are composed of five soft
rays and a spine. The pectorals, composed of sixteen rays, are large and
broadly developed, extending posteriorly beyond the tip of ventrals, reaching a
vertical line drawn from the separation of the dorsals to the vent.

D XI. 19. A 13. C 6. I. 5. 4. 1. 5. V I. 5. P 16.

Ground color of body light-yellow or dark-brown ; fins yellowish ; both
body and fins marmorated with large, black patches.
From San Francisco, Cal.

SCORPiENID,E s. Cataphracti.

6. Seba.stes auriculatus, G. This species is allied to S. inermis of the
Japanese seas, in the structure of the upper surface of the head ; the spines of
which instead of being raised are reduced to horizontal ridges, terminating pos-

132 [AtTGFUST,

ferioTl'y in acute points ; membranous flaps are likewise wanting. The diameter
of eye is contained four times in the length of side of the head. The posterior
extremity of upper maxillary projecting a little beyond the posterior rim of the
orbit,

D Xlir. 14* A III. 7. C 4. 1. 6. 5. 1. 3. V I. 5. P 18.

The tip of pectorals when directed backwards extends to a vertical line which
would intersect the anus. The first dorsal is composed of twelve spines ; a thir-
teenth is situated at the anterior margin of the soft dorsal.

Color, reddish brown above and on the sides, becoming brighter towards the
abdomen* The upper parts clouded with blackish* A large blask spot cover?
she upper half of the opercle.

From San Francisco, Cal.

BETEROLEPIM: s* Catafkracti*

We propose forming under the above name a new ichthyic group of the well
known genus Chirus, and a new one described below under the name of Ophiodon*

The natural characters by w r hich this group or family is distinguished are : a
body elongated, compressed and tapering; covered with rather small scales. Two
long dorsal fins occupying almost the whole of the dorsal region. Verrtrals
situated under the pectorals. Canine teeth upon the jaws, canine or velvet-like
ones on the vomer and palatines. Preopercle and opercle either smooth or
provided with spines. The posterior suborbital sends a narrow arcade to the
limb of the preopercle as in the Cottcrids properly so called ; that bony arcade
being concealed under the flesh, skin and scales constituting the cheeks.

CHIRUS, Steller.

This Genus we shall, for the present, characterise as follows : a superciliary,
membranous arborescent flap. Mouth of medium size; canine teeth on both jaws j
velvet teeth on the front of vomer and palatines* Preopercle and opercle
without any spines. Cheek, opercular apparatus, and top of head, covered with
small scales. Gill openings continuous and not separated under the throat.
Branchiostegal rays six in number* Scales finely serrated posteriorly* Several
lateral lines*

7. Chirus p ictus, G* About twelve inches in total length, in which the head
is contained four and a half times. Eyes elliptical, longest diameter contained
five times in the length of side of the head. Dorsals contiguous at their base
only* Origin of anterior dorsal opposite the posterior flap of opercle. Anal as-
long as the second dorsal ; membrane uniting the rays deeply indentated. Cau-
dal posteriorly sub-convex.

D XIX. 23. A 21. C 4. 1. 7. 6. I. 6. V I. 5. P 19.

Scales of medium size provided with but very- few serratures upon their pos-
terior margin. Minute scales on the he^d, cheeks, opercular apparatus and base
of fins. Ground color dark brown. Large and numerous vermilion spots, border-
ed with black, on the sides and inferior fins. Ground color of belly, dull whitish
or yellowish.

From San Francisco, Cal.

8* Chikus guttatus, G .Closely allied to the preceding, from which it is 1
distinguished by a larger eye and broader scales, the posterior margin of which
is much more serrated, so as to be much rougher to the touch. The origin of
first dorsal is situated in advance of the posterior flap of opercle* The super-
ciliary flap is much less developed. The caudal is subconcave posteriorly.

D XXI. 25. A 24* C 5. 1. 7. 6. 1. 6. V I. 5. P 19*

Ground color greyish yellow ; Upper part of head and sides of body with
crowded small blackish spots extending to the pectorals, caudal and dorsals*
Beneath unicolor and lighter. Ventrals- and anal blackish*

From San Francisco, Cal*

1854.] 133

The second Genus of this group, for which the name of

OPHIODON, Girard,

is proposed, has a more elongated head than the preceding one. Its mouth is
deeply cleft ; canine teeth exist on both jaws, rather more developed than in Chi-
r?is. The vomer is possessed with similar teeth as well as the palatines, where
they form a very long series. Posterior convexity of preopercle provided with
small spines. Minute scattered scales on the head, cheeks and opercular appa-
ratus. Branchial apertures continuous; branchiostegal rays six in number,
scales very small.

9. Ophiodonelongatus, G Largest specimen observed, twelve inches long,
the head forming about one fourth of that length ; the greatest depth, measured
at the origin of the trunk enters seven times in the total length. The thickness
is one third less than the depth. The body is gradually diminishing backwards,
both in height and depth. The upper surface of the skull is slightly concave.
Eyes, subcircular and quite large, their horizontal diameter being comprised five
times in the length of side of the head. The posterior extremity of the upper
maxillary extends beyond the posterior rim of the orbit. The anterior suborbi-
tal overlaps the upper maxillary. Six or more small spines may be observed
upon the posterior curve of preopercle. The upper angle of qpercle terminates
in an acute processus. The subopercle is very long and stretches considerably
beyond the opercle. The origin of the first dorsal is situated in advance of the
spiny limb of the preopercle, at a distance of four tenths of an inch from I he
occiput; it is contiguous to the second dorsal, which terminates at an inch and
three tenths from the base of caudal (not from its rudimentary rays). The
anal is nearly the same length with the second dorsal. The tips of pectoral ex-
tend beyond the tip of ventrals.

D XXVI. 22. A 23. C 7. 1. 5. 6. 1. 6. V I. 6. P 17.

The scales are small, elongated, smooth and entire upon their anterior margin.
They extend somewh-it over the base of the fins.

The color is very imperfectly preserved ; upon a dull yellowish ground may
be seen, on the upper part of the body, dark or blackish brown spots irregularly
scattered; the head appears uniform blackish brown. Beneath dull whitish
yellow; scales silvery. Fins greenish yellow; ventrals and analunicolor ; rest
exhibiting greyish spots.

From San Francisco, Cal.

GASTEROSTEID.E s. Catapheacti.

10. Gasterosteus williamsoni, G. General form elongated, of rather slen-
der appearance; body tapering gradually towards the base of caudal. Greatest
length an inch and three quarters ; head forming the third of it caudal fin ex-
cluded and covered with long plates so finely granulated as to appear smooth.
Body perfectly smooth from head to tail. Two small dorsal spines; a third
very minute one at the origin of the soft dorsal fin. Ventral spines quite small,
exhibiting but few and very minute spiculae upon its upper margin. Caudal pos-
teriorly subconcave. Anterior spiny ray of anal very small.

D I. I. I. 11. A 1. 7. C 3. 1. 5. 5. 1. 3. V I. 1. P 10.

Color, above greyish brown, spotted ; beneath of a soiled yellowish or
whitish.

Specimens were collected at Williamson's Pass, Cal. The basin into which
the waters in which they were caught flow, is not yet determined.

11. Gasterosteus microcephalus, G The head is very small, plated, and
apparently smooth, although finely granulated. The body is quite depp upon its
middle region, tapering towards both extremities ; a little more rapidly posteri-
orly. The peduncle of tail is very short and contracted. Greatest length
about an inch and a half, of which the head forms the fourth part. Anterior
part of body from head to second dorsal spine, plated ; remaining portion smooth.
Two acute and well developed dorsal spines ; a third one, and rather small, is

134 [August,

situated at the origin of the soft dorsal. A still smaller spine precedes the
anal. Ventral spines very much developed, and serrated upon both edges, more
minutely, however, belw than above. Caudal posteriorly subcrescentic. Pec-
torals rounded posteriorly.

D I. I. 1. 9. A f. 6. C 2. 1. 5. 5. 1. 1. V I. 1. P 10.

Ground color yellowish brown, spotted or else transversely banded with grey-
ish black ; the spots or bands being formed of crowded dots. Beneath, dull
yellow, occasionally dotted. Specimens collected in Four creek, a tributary of
Tule lake (San Joaquin Valley), Cal.

|ATHERINID^.

Genus ATHERINOPSIS, Girard.

This genus is intended to include such species of Atherina, in which the palate
is unprovided with teeth, having besides a mugiloid fashioned mouth ; the inter-
maxillaries constitute its upper arcade, exclusive of the maxillaries, which are
situated behind.

12. Atherinopsis californiensis, G. Specimens measuring seven inches
and a half in total length were observed ; the head forming exactly the sixth
part of it. The body is very compressed, slender and very graceful. The cau-
dal fin is deeply forked ; the base of anal is equal to the length of head ; the
base of second dorsal is scarcely half as long as that of anal. Insertion of ven-
trals equidistant between the tip of snout and posterior extremity of base of
anal fin. Tip of pectorals not reaching the insertion of ventrals. Eye large
and subcircular, nearer to the tip of snout of one of its diameter than to the pos-
terior edge of opercle. The mouth is quite small. The head above is slightly
convex.

D VI. 1. 10. A 1. 17. C 5. 1. 8. 7. 1. 7. VI. 5. P 13.

The scales are very large, constituting but thirteen distinct longitudinal rows
upon the line of greatest depth of body. They are anteriorly rounded and pos-
teriorly truncated, the margin of which, in the latter region, is ornamented by
a series of tooth shaped serratures, more conspicuous upon large and somewhat
dried specimens.

Greyish brown above, dull buff beneath the silvery band. Fins unicolor,
dull yellowish or greyish. When the scales are removed the upper part of the
body is reddish brown; the lower part lighter with a silvery reflection.

From San Francisco, Cal.

GOBID^E.

13. Gobius gracilis, G. About three inches and a quarter in length; the
body is slender, compressed and tapering. The head, which partakes of the
slender aspect of the body, forms about the fourth part of the whole length. The
mouth is very larsje ; its angles corresponding to a vertical line which would
pass near the middle of the pupil. The eye is large and elliptical, situated near
the summit of the head and its longitudinal diameter comprised a little more
ti an four times in the length of side of head. The intevocular space above
measures a fifteenth of an inch. The dorsal and anal are rather long. The
caudal is posteriorly rounded or else convex upon its margin. Insertion of ven-
trals in advance of anterior margin of first dorsal and behind those of pectorals.

D V. 17. A 13. C 4. 1. 6.5. 1. 5. V 5. P 18.
Dull reddish brown ; fins blackish.
From San Francisco, Cal.

EMBIOTOCOID^.

14. Embiotoca lineata, G. Body elongated, regularly arched on both the
dorsal and ventral lines from head to posterior extremities of base of dorsal and
anal fins. In specimens eight inches and a half in total length, the head is
found to constitute a little less than the fourth of that dimension : the greatest
depth, taken upon the middle of abdomen, does not enter three times in the
length. The mouth is small ; the posterior extremity of upper maxillary not

1854.] 135

extending to the anterior rim of orbit. Eye circular : its diameter entering
four times in length of side of head. Origin of first dorsal opposite the middle
of base of pectorals, its base being nearly equal to that of anal and a little
shorter than that of second dorsal. Caudal forked.

D X. I. 24. A III. 30. C. 3. 1. 6. 6. 1. 2. V I. 5. P 1. 21.

The scales are subquadran^ular in shape, a little longer than high, provided
anteriorly with from five to seven grooves.

Deep purplish brown above the lateral line, lighter beneath; sides of abdo-
men yellowish. Longitudinal light stripes between the rows of scales, more
conspicuous below than above the lateral line. Dorsals, anal, caudal and ven-
trals purplish, base of anal exhibiting a whitish stripe. Pectorals whitish or
yellowish.

From San Francisco, Cal.

15. Amphistichus similis, G. Among the specimens collected, there is one
a female a little over four inches and a half in length, which we propose to
describe as a very closely allied species to A. argenteus. There are two promi-
nent characters which will enable us to distinguish between both species : in A.
argenteus the posterior extremity of upper maxillary extends beyond to a
vertical line which would pass through the middle of the pupil, whilst in A.
similis it scarcely reaches the anterior rim of the same organ. Again, in the
former, the second and third spiny rays of the anal are much longer than in the
latter. The number of rays of fins is nearly the same; the anal has three and
the pectorals two more soft rays in A. argenteus than in A. similis. There are
also eleven spiny rays to the anterior dorsal of A. argenteus.

D X. 24. A III. 25. C 2. 1. 6. 6. 1. 3. V I. 5. P 1. 24.

The head is contained three times in the length, the caudal fin excluded. The
eye large and circular, enters less than four times in the length of side of head
by its diameter. The greatest depth is to the greatest length, as one to three.
The body is very much compressed. The insertion of ventrals is in a line with
the third spine of anterior dorsal, which is also the line of greatest depth.

The coloration is not sufficiently preserved for comparative description.

From San Francisco, Cal.

16. Amphistichus heermanni, G. A specimen of this species, a little over
eight inches and a half in length, in affording one character proper to Holconotus
has left us for some time in doubt as to its generic affinities. We speak of the
structure of the dorsals, the anterior of which is composed of spiny rays higher
than the soft ones of the second. Indeed, there is a slight depression in the line
limiting these fins, corresponding to their point of junction ; but finding that such
was also the case in Holconotus, that character could no longer be of any
generic value. Seeing, however, that there were two rows of teeth on the lower
jaw as well as on the upper, and that the lips, rather thin, were not free upon
the symphysis of the lower jaw, we decided on placing it in the genus Amphis-
tichus where it really belongs. The shape and size of the mouth are altogether
similar to that observed in A. argenteus and A. similis.

The body is very much compressed, of a short appearance, the nape promi-
nently arched, the head contained about four tim^s in the total length and the
greatest depth twice, the caudal fin excluded- Eye contained about four times
in the length of side of head. The posterior extremity of upper maxillary hardly
reaching the vertical of the anterior rim of pupil.

The number of rays of the fins is the same as in A. argenteus, with an excep-
tion in the first dorsal, which has ten spines, instead of eleven, as in A. similis.

DX. 24. A III. 28. C 3. 1. 6. 6. 1.3. V I. 5. P 1. 26.

The color does not differ much from that of A. argenteus.

From San Francisco, Cal.

CIPRINIDJE.

17. Gir.A conocepiiala, B. and G. There was but one specimen of this
species collected, about seven inches and a half in length. General shape sub-
fusiform, compressed ; back slightly convex from nape to posterior margin of

136 [August,

dorsal fin. The head is subcorneal and contained exactly four times in the
length, the caudal fin excluded. The mouth is comparatively large, although
the posterior extremity of the intermaxillary does not quite extend to the anterior
rim of the eye : the snout being prolonged, and the cleft of the mouth nearly
horizontal. The eye is subcircular and its diameter contained five times and a
half in the length of side of head. The anterior margin of the dorsal is nearer
the end of snout than to the tip of central rays of caudal. The caudal itself is
forked and participates of the slender appearance of the body. The origin of
anal is situated behind the base of the dorsal, but at the same time in advance
of the tip of the rays of the latter. The insertion of ventrals is situated in advance
of the anterior margin of dorsal ; their tip reaching the anus.

D II. 9. A II. 9. C 8. 1. 9. 8. 1. 9. V I. 9. P 16.

The scales are semicircular and of medium size. The lateral line forms an open
curve along the sides, the convexity of which is downwards.

Upper regions of body and head brown ; sides yellowish ; abdomen whitish.

From Rio San Joaquin, Cal.

Genus POGOXICHTHYS, Girard.

Shape of mouth as in Gila; angle of mouth provided with a small filiform
barbel. Body fusiform and compressed. Caudal forked. Insertion of ventrals
behind anterior margin of dorsal. Scales large and uniform. Lateral line below
middle of flanks.

This genus represents in the western waters of North America that of Gobio,
to which it is intimately related.

18. Pogonichthys injEquilobus, B. and G General form very regular, sub-
fusiform and compressed. Total length of specimen described, about ten inches,
of which the head forms a little less than the sixth part. The eye is subcircular ;
its diameter comprised about five times in the length of side of head. The mouth
is of medium size; its cleft does not extend to a vertical line which would pass
in advance of the orbit. A barbel, about an eighth of an inch, may be observed
at the angle of the mouth. The origin of dorsal fin is equidistant between the
extremity of the snout and the first rudimentary rays of the caudal. The caudal
is long and deeply-forked ; its upper lobe projecting beyond the lower, although
the structure of that fin is perfectly homorcercal. The anal is inserted behind
the dorsal. The insertion of the ventrals is situated a little behind the origin of
the dorsal, and consequently a little nearer the rudimentary rays of caudal than
to extremity of snout. The pectorals are moderate.

D II. 9. A II. 9. C 8. 1. 9. 8. 1. 7. V I. 9. P 17.

The scales are large ; fifty-six of these may be counted in the lateral line,
which, upon the abdomen, approximates more to the ventral than the dorsal
outline. The upper legions of head and body are greyish brown ; the sides and
abdompn yellowish. The fins partake of the color of the region of the body to
which they belong.

From the San Joaquin river, Cal.

19. Pogoni 'hthys symmetricus, B. and G. The specimens before us being
in a rather poor state of preservation, a description of the species can hardly be
drawn with accuracy. The size of the largest is about four inches and a half in
total length ; the profile of body is subfusiform, very compressed, and gracefully
elongated. The head constitutes the fifth of the length. The eye is large and
its diameter contained less than four times in the length of side of head. The
lobes of the caudal fin are symmetrical. The anterior margin of dorsal is equidis-
tant between the end of snout and the extremity of central rays of the caudal.
The lateral line forms a gentle curve, convex downwards, upon the middle of
the abdomen, and nearer the insertion of ventrals than base of dorsal. The in-
sertion of ventrals is situated in advance of the anterior margin of dorsal, a char-
acter which will at once enable us to distinguish this species from P.
inasquilobus .

From Fort Miller, San Joaquin Valley, Cal.

1854.J

137

Genus LAVINIA, Girard.

Mouth shaped as in Gila and Pogonickthys, but proportionally smaller
than either and unprovided with barbel. Body covered with large scales
as in Pogonichthys. The genus Lavinia, therefore, is intermediate between the
two above mentioned.

20. Lavinia exilicatjda, B. and G. Body compressed, swollen upon its middle
and tapering towards both extremities. Tail more particularly attenuated.
Greatest depth, in advance of the dorsal, contained about four times in the length,
which is eleven inches, and in which the head enters five times and a half. The
mouth is very small ; its am>le being far from reaching the anterior margin of
the orbit. The eye is circular and rather below the medium size ; its diameter
being contained nearly six times in the length of side of head. Isthmus very
small; branchiostesal rays three on either side. Anterior margin of dorsal
equidistant between the extremity of snout and tip of central rays of caudal,
which latter fin is deeply forked. Base of anal longer than that of dorsal but
considerably lower, particularly upon its posterior third. Insertion of ventrals
in advance of the anterior margin of dorsal. Pectorals rather small.

D II. 12. A It 14 or 15. C 7. 1. 8. 8. 1. 7. V I. 19. P 17.

The scales are rounded and very thin. The lateral line, in which there are
about sixty scales, forms an open curve on the abdomen with a downwards
convexity much nearer the insertion of ventral than base of dorsal fin.

Reddish brown above, silvery grey on the sides, the scales being provided
with minute crowded dots upon their margin. Beneath yellowish with scales
unicolor. Fins yellowish grey.

From Sacramento River, Cal.

21. Lavinia crassicauda, B. and G. The body in this species is less deep in
the middle and less attenuated behind than in L. exilicavda. The peduncle of the
tail is largely developed and contrasts greatly with that of the latter mentioned
species. The head and mouth are proportionally larger ; the former being con-
tained four times and a half in the total length ; and the cleft of the second,
although not reaching the anterior ed^e of the orbit, extends, nevertheless, farther
backwards than in L. exilicauda. The greatest depth is about equal to the length
of head. The eye is subcircular, and its diameter contained about six times in
the length of side of head. The caudal is less emarginated posteriorly, and
the insertion of ventrals situated almost under the anterior margin of the dorsal.

D II. 9 A II. 9. C 9. 1. 9. 8. 1. 8. V I. 9. P 17 or 18.

The scales are much larger than in L. fx/licauda,and the course of the lateral
line similar, being composed of about fifty-five scales. The general coloration
is the same.

Specimens were procured at San Francisco, in the Rio San Joaquin, and several
tributaries of that basin.

22. Lavinia conformis, B. and G. Only one specimen of this species was
obtained; its total length being about four inches. It is related to L. crassicav-
da, having like it a much more compact tail than L. exilicauda. The general
appearance of the fish is suggestive of L. crassicauda; the body is deeper and
proportionally less elongated ; the eye much smaller and the scales larger. Ano-
ther distinctive mark between the two species consists in the position of the vent-
rals, the insertion of which in L. conformis, is situated in advance of the an-
terior margin of dorsal, whilst it is placed slightly behind it in L. crassicauda.

D II. 9. A II. 9. C 6. I. 9. 8. I. 6. V I. 8. P 16.

Purplish brown above, light on the sides ; belly and head, beneath, dull yellow-
ish.

From Posa creek, San Joaquin basin, Cal.

23. Leucosomus occidentalis, B. and G. Numerous immature specimens of
this species were collected, together with one about five inches in length. The
body is very much compressed, deepest upon the middle of its length and taper-
ing towards both extremities. The greatest depth is contained four times in the

138 [August,

total length. The snout is subcorneal, head rather small, forming about the
fifth of the total length, and slightly depressed above the eyes. The anterior
margin of dorsal is nearer the base of caudal than to extremity of snout. The
caudal is forked. Both the anal and dorsal are anteriorly elevated. Insertion
of ventrals situated in advance of anterior margin of dorsal. Pectorals and vent-
rals of medium development.

D II. 11. A II. 12. C 8. I. 9. 8. 1. 9. V 10. P 15.

The scales are of medium size and provided with radiating ridges. The lateral
line is bent downwards upon the abdomen, constituting a curve, the convexity of
which is nearer the ventrals than to the dorsal outline. Greyish brown above;
sides silvery; belly dull yellowish.

From Posa and Four creeks, the latter emptying into Tule lake, San Joaquin
Valley, Cal.

CLUPEIDiE.

24. Clupea mirabilis, G. Specimens before us are from eight to nine inches
in total length, the head forming about the fifth of that dimension. The greatest
depth is equal to length of head. The lower jaw is longer than the upper, the
posterior extremity reaches to a vertical which would pass through the middle
of the pupil. The eye is subcircular and large; its diameter being contained a
little less than four times in the length of side of head. The anterior rays of
dorsal are almost as high as the fin is long. The insertion of ventrals is situated
in advance of middle of dorsal.

D 3. 15. A 14. C 4. 1. 11. 11. 1. 3. V 9. P IS.

This species is closely allied to the common herring (Clupea harengus) by its
general appearance; the absence of teeth upon the palatine, the conspicuousness
of the vomerine teeth (which are most so of all), and the presence of but two
rows of them upon the tongue, will enable any one to draw the distinction be-
tween the two species.

From San Francisco, Cal.

25. Meletta C/Erulea, G. The body is slender, gracefully elongated, ten
inches in total length, of which the head constitutes the fourth part, not includ-
ing the caudal fin. The depth measured in advance of dorsal, stands in relation
to the total length as one to six. The body tapers away backwards from the
insertion of ventrals and dorsal ; in advance of these fins to the occiput its depth
is sensibly the same, when the head again gradually slopes, above and below,
towards the snout. The posterior extremity of the maxillary reaches a vertical
line which would intersect the middle of the eye The posterior edge of oper-
cular apparatus forms a uniform and rather flattened curve. The inferior branch
of preopercle exhibits small radiating striae ; strias more conspicuous are observed
upon the inferior and inner half of opercle. The anterior margin of dorsal is
nearer the snout than to the base of caudal. The ventrals are inserted opposite
the posterior half of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked ; anal long and low. Pectorals
of medium development and acute upon their extremity.

D 3. 16. A 17. C 4. 1. 8. 8. 1. 4. V 8. P 18.

The scales are large, but few are preserved upon the specimen before us.
The back, upper part of the head and half of the sides are deep blue. Sides of
head and lower half of flanks, silvery. Fins greyish or dull yellowish.
From San Francisco, Cal.

26. Engraulis mordax, G. The general physiognomy of this species is some-
what susgestive of EngravHs encrasirholus, the common anchovy of Europe,
from which, however, it may be distinguished chiefly by the position of the
ventrals, the insertion of which is exactly opposite the anterior margin of the
dorsal. The body is slender and compressed, sharp upon the ventral line. The
greatest depth is comprised nearly seven times in the total length and almost
twice in the length of the head. The eye is large and subcircular ; its diameter
being contained four times in the length of side of head. The anterior margin
of dorsal is nearer the base of caudal than to the extremity of snout.

D 1. 15. A 20. C. 3. 1. 10. 9. 1. 2. V 8. P 16.

The back is deep bluish brown ; the sides are silvery.

From San Francisco, Cal.

1854.] 139

PLEURONECTIDiE.

Genus PLATICHTHYS, Guard.

Eyes on the left side and general form of Rhombus, but differing from the
latter genus by a smaller mouth, a dorsal fin commencing above the eye and
leaving, as well as the anal, a considerable space between its posterior margin
and the base of the caudal fin. The snout is protruding, the lower jaw being
the longest. Small and conical teeth on both sides of the jaws. Lateral line
nearly straight, making but a slight curve upwards immediately above the
pectorals.

27. Platichthys rugosus, G. General form of body subelliptical ; head
rather long ; snout projecting, lower jaw longest ; a row of short conical teeth.
Posterior extremity of upper maxillary extending a little beyond the anterior
rim of orbit, and approximating closely to this organ when the mouth is shut.
The diameter of the eye is contained about six times in the length of side of
head. Head forming the fourth of the whole length. Caudal fin subrounded
posteriorly.

D 57. A 42. C 3. 1.7.7. 1. 2. V 6. P 11.

The ventrals are small, rounded posteriorly, and are inserted slightly in
advance of the base of pectorals, which are of medium development and like-
wise rounded posteriorly. Instead of scales, the body is covered with small
groups of minute asperities, very rough to the touch. Lateral line slightly
arched above the pectorals ; rest of its course straight to the base of caudal fin.

Leftside dark reddish brown ; fins yellowish green; dorsal and anal with
alternate vertical bands of the same color as the body; caudal with longitudinal
bands of the same hue. Ventrals and pectorals unicolor. Right side dull
yellow.

From San Francisco, Cal.

Genus PLEURONICHTHYS, Girard.

Eyes on the right side ; general form of Platessa. Head small ; mouth very
small. Origin of dorsal tin opposite the anterior margin of eye, and bent to-
wards the colorless side of the fish. T^eth very inconspicuous, occupying
both sides of the jaws. Dorsal and anal fins not reaching the base of caudal.
Scales rather below the medium size ; lateral line slightly arched above the
pectorals.

28. Pleuronichthys ccenostjs, G. Body subelliptical ; head small ; snout
very short, lower jaw longest; mouth quite small. Teeth minute, conical and
acute. Posterior extremity of upper maxillary extending beyond the anterior
rim of the orbit. Eyes on the right side and large, the diameter contained less
than four times in the length of side of head. Head constituting a little less
than the fifth of the entire length. Origin of dorsal in advance of the eye; its
posterior margin as well as that of the anal does not unite with the caudal,
between which a small space exists. The caudal is rather slender and posteriorly
rounded. The insertion of ventrals is quite in advance of the base of pectorals.
The outline of both pectorals and ventrals is rounded.

D 74. A 54. C 3. 1. 7, 6. 1. 3. V 6. P 1. 10.

Body covered with small scales on the right side, and minute ones on the left.
Opercular apparatus apparently smooth, but on a careful examination exhibiting
scattered and inconspicuous scales, intermediate in size between those of the
sides. Lateral line almost straight, with a slight inflexion upwards, immediately
above the pectorals.

Ground color of body and fins deep brown, maculated with black and
yellowish.

From San Francisco, Cal.

Genus PAROPHRYS, Girard.

Eyes on the right side. Body elongated as in Solea, but the head is conical,
and the snout protruding, with the lower jaw longer than the upper. Mouth of

140 [August,

medium size. Teeth on the colorless side of the jaws only, as in the genus
just mentioned. Dorsal and anal fins not extending to the caudal. Caudal
truncated posteriorly. Lateral line almost straight, making but a small inflexion
uowards above the pectorals. Scales small, covering the body and head.

29. Parophrys vetultjs, G. Body elongated, tapering considerably pos-
teriorly, less so anteriorly where it is terminated by a wedge-shaped head and
an acute snout. The head forms a little less than a fourth of the entire length, .
to which the greatest depth stands as one to three. The mouth is small, lower
jaw longest ; the posterior extremity of upper maxillary overruns slightly the
vertical of the anterior rim of orbit. The teeth are minute. Eyes on the right
side and very large, elliptically elongated and closely approximated, being
separated by a narrow and elevated ridge ; hence a sloping of either side of the
ocular region. The longitudinal diameter of the eye is comprised four times in
the length of the side of head. The dorsal fin begins above the eye, and termin-
ates, as well as the anal, at a short distance from the base of caudal. The
caudal is slender and posteriorly truncated. The pectorals and ventrals are
small; the insertion of the latter being situated beneath the posterior extremity
of the opercle.

D 86. A 64. C 3. 1. 7. 7. 1. 3. V 6. P 11.

The scales are very minute, and equally distributed over the body and head.
The lateral line is nearly straight, making but a slight curvature, convex upwards
just above the pectoral fin.

Ground color of body reddish ash, fins yellowish with small black spots irre-
gularly scattered over body and fins.

From San Francisco, Cal.

Genus PSETTICHTHYS, Girard.

Eyes on either the right or left side. General form elongated as in Solea.
Mouth rather large and oblique, lower jaw longest. Teeth slender and incon-
spicuous, occupying both sides of the jaws. Origin of dorsal fin opposite the
anterior rim of orbit. Posterior margin of both dorsal and anal not reaching the
base of caudal. Caudal posteriorly rounded. Scales very small. Lateral line
slightly arched above the pectorals.

30. Psettichthys melaxostictus, G. Body elongated ; slender, tapering
posteriorly. Greatest depth contained about three times in the total length, and
head a little less than four times. Mouth large and oblique; lower jaw longest.
Teeth slender. Posterior extremity of upper maxillary extending to a vertical
line which would pass in advance of the pupil. Eyes on the right side and well
developed, their diameter being contained four times and a half in the length of
the side of head. The origin of dorsal is just above the eye and terminates, as
well as the anal, before reaching the base of the caudal. The eight or ten
anterior rays of dorsal are higher than the following ones. The central rays of
caudal are the longest. The pectorals and ventrals are small and rounded upon
their margin ; the latter inserted considerably in advance of the former.

D 78. A 60. C 4. 1. 6. 6. 1. 3. V 6. P 12.

The scales are minute, covering the body and head. Ground color cinereous
with crowded black dots, sometimes confluent or else grouped.
From San Francisco, Cal.

The above species, thus very briefly characterised, are to be more minutely
described in an Appendix to Lieut. Williamson's official report of the Survey
entrusted to his charge.

1854.]

141

Enumeration of the species of marine Fishes, collected at San Francisco, Califor-
nia, by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly, naturalist attached to the survey of the Pacific
R. R. Route, tinder Lieut. A> W. Whipple.

By Charles Girard.

1. Chirus constellatus, G. This species comes nearest to C. guttatus, of
which it has the general physiognomy and structure of the fins ; but the head
above is less convex, and the scales very differently imbricated. Thus, whilst
in C. constellatus they constitute oblique series which may be traced in any di-
rection, the same is not the case in C. guttatus.

J) XX. I. 25. A 24. C 5. 1. 8. 7. 1. 4. V I. 5. P 19.

The ground color is greenish grey; the body at large exhibiting indistinct,
cloudy spots, and on the anterior and upper region, groups of black dots varying
in number. Similar dots are scattered over the upper part and sides of head,
and the pectoral fins are literally covered with them, so as to divide equally the
space with the ground color which make these fins appear maculated with
black and yellow.

2. Atherinopsis Californiensis, Grd. Proc, Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii.
1354, p. 134.

Genus PORICHTHYS, Girard.

General form and external aspect similar to Batrachus, but more elongated ;
its generic features will consist in the series of pores extending to the whole
length of body from divers regions of the head. There are neither scales on the
body nor membranous appendages on the margin of the jaws. Two short tenta-
cles in advance of the nostrils. The teeth are slender and acute; those on the
vomer most conspicuous. The head is smooth ; the opercle provided with one
spine only.

Ohs* To this genus belong : 1st. P. porosessimus {Batrachus porosissimus,
Cuv. and Val.) from the coast of Brazil ; and 2d. P.porosus {Batrachus porosus,
Cuv. and Val.) from Valparaiso.

3. Porichthys notatus, G. Total length about nine inches and a half, the
head forming the fourth of it in excluding the caudal fin. The mouth is broadly
cleft ; the posterior extremity of upper maxillary extending beyond the posterior
rim of the orbit. The teeth upon the symphysis of the lower jaw are more
slender and smaller than on the sides cf that bone. The smallest teeth are those
of the irttermaxillaries extending almost to the whole length of these bones.
The palatine teeth are a little larger posteriorly than anteriorly. The most con-
spicuous ones are observed on the vomer. Two minute and inconspicuous spines
constitute the anterior dorsal fin. The second dorsal is somewhat higher than
the anal, and the tips of the posterior rays of both of these fins reach the
base of the caudal, there being but a narrow space left separating these fins
from each other. The caudal is posteriorly rounded. The pectorals are spear-
shaped ; the central rays being the longest.

J) II. 37. A 34. C 3. 1.5. 5. 1. 2. V~3. P 20.

Upper regions purplish blue ; sides and belly silvery grey. A subcrescent
shaped vitta beneat.i the eye.

4. Embiotoca LirtEATA, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 134.

5. Amphistichus argentets, Agass. Araer. Jour. Sc. second series, xvii.
1854, p. 367.

6. Holcoxoti t s ruodoteri'S, Agass. Am*r. Jour. Sc. second series, xvii.
1854, p.

7. IMeletta c.erulea, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Philad. vii. 1851, p. 138.

8. Gadus proximus, G. This appears to be a rather small species, for, amongst
numerous specimens brought home by several parties, and now before us, the
largest measures less than six inches in total length. The body is slender,

142 [August,

elongated and compressed, rather graceful in appearance. The head is contain-
ed four times and a half in the total length. The snout is pointed, the upper
jaw overlapping considerably the lower one. The mouth is proportionally large,
the posterior extremity of the upper maxillary extending to a vertical line which
would fall in advance of the eye. The eye itself is above the medium size, sub-
circular in form, and contained about four times and a half in the length of the
side of head. There exists a space between each dorsal, more considerable be-
tween the second and third, than between the first and second. The anals
are likewise separated by a space nearly equal to that which is observed between
the second and third dorsals. The ventrals are exiguous, their second ray being
prolonged into a filament. The pectorals are small.

D 12. 19. 20. A 25. 22. C 5. 1. 16. 16. I. 5. V 6. P 17.

Upper region yellowish ash; sides and belly silvery white. Minute crowded
blackish dots upon the dorsals, caudal and posterior anal. Anterior anal, vent-
rals and pectorals yellowish, unicolor.

9. Parophrys vetulus, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. PhPad. vii. 1854, p. 140.

10. Psettichthys sordidijs, G. General form subellipsoid ; greatest length
about five inches in which dimension the greatest depth enters twice and a third
of a time. The head constitutes about the fourth of the total length. The mouth
is oblique, and when shut the jaws are even. The eyes are large, subelliptical,
approximated, and situated on the left side; their longitudinal diameter is com-
prised four times in the length of the side of head.

D 82. A 72. C 1. 1. 6. 5. 1. 1. V 6. P 1. 10.

The scales are of medium size, equally conspicuous upon the head and oper-
cular apparatus. The lateral line is nearly straight, raising but slightly as it
reaches the head.

Ground color of a soiled yellow; the scales are margined with blackish. The
fins appear as if covered with a coating of dust.

Observations upon a collection of Fishes made on the Pacific coast of the United
States, by Lieut* W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., for the Museum of the Smith-
sonian Institution.

By Charles Girard.

It is praiseworthy for officers of the government, whether military or civil,
when detailed upon special duties, to devote their moments of leisure in serving
the cause of science. Lieut. Trowbridge, while engaged under instructions from
the IT. S. Coast Survey, in making tidal observations for the use of that office,
availed himself of such opportunities at his command to secure the fishes enume-
rated below, and we leave it to Naturalists to decide whether his labors were
at all rewarded.

There are three main points whence specimens were obtained. 1st, Presidio,
on the Bay of San Francisco, where Lieut. Trowbridge himself is stationed ;
2d, Monterey, on the Bay of the same name, where the same gentleman made
several excursions; and, 3d, San Diego, where observations are conducted by
Corporal A. Cassidy, U. S. A.

PERCID^.

1. Labra.x nebulifer, G. The head which is" contained about three times
in the length, the caudal fin excepted, presents a subcorneal appearance, from the
fact of its bein.; rounded upon its upper region, and gradually sloping towards
the snout. The anterior part of the body, from the origin of the dorsal to the
occiput is continuous with the profile of the head, the middle region slightly
convex. The body gradually tapers backwards; the greatest depth taken
between the insertion of ventrals and origin of first dorsal, is a little less than
the fourth of the entire length, including the caudal fin ; the greatest thickness
measures in the same region as the depth, is a little more than the half of the
latter. The body, therefore, is compressed, as usual in this genus, and the

1854.] 143

general outline subfusiform. The eye is subeircular, and its horizontal diameter
contained about six times in the length of side of head. The posterior extremity
of the upper maxillary extends to a vertical line intersecting the pupil. The
lower jaw is the longest. The third dorsal spine is much the longest in the first
dorsal fin, and higher than any of the rays constituting the second dorsal. The
caudal is subemarginated posteriorly. The insertion of pectorals is placed im-
mediately in advance of the origin of anterior dorsal ; the insertion of ventrals
is situated immediately behind the base of pectorals.

D X. 14. A III. S. C 4. 1. 7. 6. 1. 3. V I. 5. P 17.

The scales are of medium size. The lateral line follows the curve of the back
and middle of the peduncle of tail.

Ground color reddish brown above, yellowish beneath, upper part of body
provided with large cloud-like blackish blotches. A dark vitta extends oblique-
ly downwards and backwards from the lower rim of orbit to the throat, across
the cheeks and branchiostegal apparatus. The fins are purplish blue, very
intense on the ventrals, base of second dorsal, and space between the third
and fourth spine of first dorsal. The snout is covered with small roundish
spots.

From Monterey, Cal.

2. Labrax clathratus, G. The profile of upper part of head is more de-
pressed, and the head more acute than in L. nebidlfer. The lower jaw is more
protruding, giving to the snout a pointed, instead of a rounded appearance, which
it has in the preceding species. The fourth dorsal spine is the longest and equal
in height to the highest rays of the second dorsal. The diameter of the eye is
contained five times in the length of head. The origin of first dorsal is situated
exactly opposite the base of pectorals.

D X. 13. A III. 7. C 3. 1. 7. 6. 1. 2. V I. 5. P 15.

Ground color purplish; belly whitish; upper part of back and sides covered
with darker blotches, assuming an irregular fenestrated appearance. Pectorals
yellowish, with a few sulphur transverse vittce. Membrane of other fins pur-
plish, second dorsal spotted. A subocular vitta passing nearer the angle of the
mouth than in the preceding species.

From San Diego, Cal.

TRACHINID.E s. Percid-e.

Genus HETEROSTICHUS, Girard.

First dorsal fin very long, the first five anterior rays of which constitute an
apparently distinct fin. Anal very Ions, provided anteriorly with but few spines.
Dorsal and anal extending to near the caudal. Body very compressed and
flattened posteriory. Caudal slender. Ventrals situated in advance of pec-
torals. Lower jaw longest ; mouth moderate. Teeth small and conical. Scales
very small. Lateral line arched above the pectorals. Six branchial rays.
Opercular apparatus without either spines or denticulations.

3. Heterostichus rostratus, G. The head is rather small and conical,
contiguous to a body anteriorly deep, tapering posteriorly, and very much flat-
tened throughout. The nose is very much depressed and concave. The
greatest depth measured above the pectoials, is contained five times in the entire
length; the least depth is about the fourth or fifth of the greatest. The head
forms a little less than the fourth of the length. The mouth is moderate, lower
jaw much the longest ; and the posterior extremity of upper maxillary reaches a
vertical line, which would pass in advance of the pupil. The teeth are conical,
slender and exiguous. The eye is subelliptical, and its horizontal diameter con-
tained seven times and a half in the length of side of head. The dorsal fin
originates at a very short distance from the occiput. The five first rays consti-
tuting an apparently distinct fin, subtriangular in shape, and much higher than
the portion which follows, and which upon its anterior half, is higher than the
posterior half. The soft dorsal is short, but high and in perfect continuity with
the spiny one ; the tips of its posterior rays not reaching quite as far back as

144 [August,

those of the anal, which approximate to the base of caudal. The caudal is
slender and forked. The anal is very long and higher than the corresponding
portion of dorsal ; it is highest posteriorly and lowest upon the middle. The
base of the pectorals falls under the space between the third and fourth dorsal
spines. The ventrals are inserted much in advance of the base of pectorals,
immediately under the throat ; they are qaite small and slender. The pectorals
themselves are of but medium development.

D XXXVII. 13. A II. 34. C 4. 1. 5. 4. 1. 3. V I. 3. P 13.

The scales are very small, extending over the upper part of opercular appara-
tus to the cheeks ; also to the rays of the fins to about half their height or length.
The lateral line, from the upper angle of opercle runs almost straight till about
under the twelfth spine of dorsal, then obliquely downwards until near the middle
of flanks, thence straight to the base of caudal.

Ground color above yellowish brown with irregularly transverse blotches, or
else interrupted, and then constituting longitudinal bands of a deeper hue. Head
above deep brown; upper part of opercular apparatus exhibiting an elongated
triangularly acute blotch, starting from the rim of the orbit. Sides and inferior
surface of head yellowish. Belly dull yellow. Fins yellowish, blotched, except
the pectorals, which are barred transversely, and the ventrals which are unicolor.

Greatest length of specimen described about eleven inches.

From San Diego, Cal.

SPHYR^ENID^ s. Percims.

4. Sphyr^ena argentea, G. A specimen of this species which lies before us,
is thirty-five inches in total length, of which the head forms a little less than the
fourth part. The body is stoutish, thickest upon its middle and somewhat com-
pressed, the depth being about one-third more than the thickness. The mouth
is moderate ; the posterior extremity of upper maxillary leaves a distance of
three fourths of an inch between it and the vertical of the anterior rim of the
orbit. Teeth on the intermaxillary, minute ; on the lower jaw, moderate ; on
the palate, conspicuous and strong.

The eye is subelliptical, its anterior rim a little nearer to the tip of lower
jaw than to the posterior flap of opercular apparatus. The scales on the cheeks
are smaller than upon the opercular pieces ; there are none to be seen in advance
of the eye. The posterior extremity of anterior dorsal is nearly equidistant
between the tip of lower jaw and the base of central rays of caudal. The latter
is deeply forked. The extremity of pectorals is very far from reaching the
anterior margin of first dorsal. The upper margin of both, the second dorsal and
anal, is concave.

D V. I. 11. A 1-9. C 4. 1. 8. 8. 1. 3. V I. 5. P 13.

The scales are of rather medium size on the flanks, smaller on the back. The
lateral line is straight.

The ground color of the upper region of head and body above the lateral line,
is bluish black; whitish on the sides and yellowish on the abdomen. The scales
have an argentine reflection which extends to the sides of the head and lower
jaw. The lateral line is black. The membrane of the dorsal, caudal, anal and
pectorals is yellowish, and their rays greyish; the ventrals are uniform
yellowish.

From San Diego, Cal.

COTTIDiE s. Cataphracti.

5. Cottopsis parvus, G. May readily be distinguished from Cuttopsi* gulosus
by a more compact and more fusiform body, a smaller head and consequently a
much smaller mouth. The pectorals and ventrals are less developed, and the
outline of the first dorsal is more convex. The caudal is posteriorly subtruncated.
The insertion of ventrals is situated immediately behind the base of pectorals,
and a little in advance of the origin of the first dorsal ; and when brought back-
wards, their tip does not reach the anus. The tip of pectorals extends to a ver-
tical line which would pass in advance of the origin of anal. The anal is much
ovver than the second dorsal.

D VIII. 21. A 15. C 5. 1. 4. 4. 1. 4. V I. 4. P. 15.

1854.] 145

The head constitutes the fourth of the total length; it is quite depressed, and
slopes gradually towards the snout; its width is one fourth greater than its
depth. The eyes, of medium size, are placed near the summit of the head ; their
form is subcircular, and their horizontal diameter contained four times and a
half in the length of side of head. The posterior extremity of upper maxillary
reaches a vertical which would pass in advance of the pupil.

Minute prickles are scattered all over the skin, more developed above the
lateral line than beneath it. The lateral line, itself very conspicuous, follows
the curve of the back uninterrupted to the base of caudal.

Ground color yellowish brown above and on the sides; dull yellowish beneath.
Sides and back with darker somewhat confluent blotches, or else groups of
crowded dots resembling blotches. The pectorals, dorsals and caudal are barred ;
the anal and ventrals unicolor. First dorsal with a blackish blotch upon its upper
and posterior portion. Base of caudal with a black bar, upper surface of head
covered with dark roundish small spots.

From Presidio, Cal.

6. Leptocottus armatus, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc.Philad. vii. 1854, p. 131.
Specimens of this species, most of which are in an immature condition, were

obtained at Presidio, Monterey, San Pedro, and San Diego, Cal.

7. Scorp.enichthys marmoratus, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii.
1854, p. 131.

From Presidio, Cal.

8. Scorp.enichthys lateralis, G. We know but a few small individuals of
this species, the largest of which is less than four inches long. The body is
compressed and tapering; the head being contained about three times in the
length, excluding the caudal fin. The occipital region is flattened; the inter-
ocular space, convex, and the rostral distance, declive. The mouth is large :
the posterior extremity of upper maxillary extends to a vertical line, which
would intersect the posterior margin of the pupil. The eye is large, subcircular,
and placed near the summit of the head; its horizontal diameter is contained
four times in the length of the side of head. The interocular space is quite
narrow. The opercular apparatus exhibits but a double spine of moderate de-
velopment, situated upon the upper half of the limb of preopercle, with its point
directed obliquely upwards. The caudal fin is posteriorly subrounded. The
insertion of ventrals is situated under the middle of the base of pectorals. The
origin of the dorsal is in advance of base of the same tins. The first dorsal is
rather low, and not contiguous to the second, which is considerably higher.

D IX. 17. A 11. C 2. 1. 5. 4. 1. 1. V I. 3. P 15.

Oa the upper portion of dorsal region, alongside the dorsals, may be seen an
elongated area covered with small pectinated scales or plates, disposed upon
oblique or transverse rows. The skin is otherwise smooth, and the lateral line
conspicuous, making a slight inflexion downwards upon the middle of the
abdomen.

Upper region of head and body deep chestnut brown, variegated on the sides
with shining yellowish areola? and dots. Inferior surface of head, belly an I
tail uniform yellow. Fins spotted or barred.

From Monterey, Cal., and San Luis Obispo, Cal.

SCORP.ENID.E s. Catapiiracti.

9. Scorp.-exa guttata, G The head has a pretty rough appearance : in the

first place, the orbits seem as if emerging from the upper part of the skull, the
middle line of which exhibits an obtuse groove. Three spines are observed
along the upper edge of the orbit, behind which three more may be seen on
either side of the occipital region and nape. Several supratympanic spines, but
small ; two diverging ones, upon the body of opercle, and four upon the limb ol
preopercle, the uppermost of which being much the stoutest and longest. Next
we see four other spines irradiating downwards from the suborbitals, and finally
the nasal bone terminates into a sharp and acute point directed upwards and
slightly backwards. Intermingled with these numerous spines there are but two

y 13

146 [August,

pairs of small membranous and arborescent flaps, we were going to say,
adorning the head, but in reality contributing to render it still more repulsive to
an eye unitiated to scientific pursuits: the first pair is situated above the poste-
rior part of the orbit, whilst the second occupies the inner upper edge of anterior
nostril. The body is about eleven inches in total length, the head forming the
third of it. The eye is large and elliptical: its horizontal diameter being com-
prised nearly five times in the length of side of head. The posterior extremity
of upper maxillary reaches a vertical line which would intersect the posterior
rim of orbit. The second dorsal has nearly the same height as the first. The
caudal is sabrounded posteriorly. The tips of posterior lays of anal are even
with those of the second dorsal. The insertion of ventrals is under the base of
pectorals ; they are elongated. The pectorals are broad and very much de-
veloped ; their posterior extremity extending considerably beyond that of ven-
trals.

D XII. 10. A III. 5. C 5. 1. 6. 5. 1. 3. V I. 5. P 18.

The scales of body are of medium size, and very small upon the occipital
region and the head. The opercular apparatus is naked ; scales being observed
upon the posterior flap of opercle only. Ground color deep reddish brown above ;
yellowish brown beneath. The anterior portion of back and head almost black.
Clouded patches of blackish, here and there, with numerous small black spots,
more defined on the head than on the body, and much larger on the fins. Belly
dull white ; throat yellowish ; inferior surface of head whitish and brownish.

From Monterey, Cal.

10. Sebastes atiriculatus, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 131.
From Presidio, Cal.

11. Sebastes rosaceus, G. The general form of this species might at first
be suggestive of S. norvegicus, were the central rays of the first dorsal not so
much higher than in the latter species, giving to that fin a decided convexity.
The fish is rather stout than elongated, though much compressed, the depth of
body being about equal to the third of entire length, which is about fourteen
inches, and nearly equal to the length of head. The profile from the anterior
margin of first dorsal to the end of snout is rather depressed, whilst it tapers
quite rapidly from the second dorsal backwards, the peduncle of the tail being
rather detached from the general shape. The upper part of head exhibits but
two small horizontal spines, whilst the preopercle has five of them, rather stout
and conspicuous. The upper part of opercle has two spines, the uppermost of
which is the largest. The eyes are large and subcircular, reaching the upper
profile of head, in the length of which their horizontal diameter is comprised four
times, once in advance the anterior rim of orbit, and twice behind its posterior
rim. The mouth is broad, but the posterior extremity of upper maxillary does
not extend beyond a vertical line which would intersect the centre of the pupil.
The second dorsal is scarce higher than the first. The posterior margin of caudal
is slightly concave. The second spine of the anal is strong and robust ; the
tips of the posterior soft rays of that fin extend somewhat farther back than
those of the second dorsal, but do not reach the base of the rays of the caudal.
The insertion of ventrals is situated immediately behind the base of pectorals.
The pectorals are very long, their tips extending beyond that of ventrals, and
reaching a vertical line which would fall between the two dorsals.

D XIII. 13. A III. 7, C 5. 1. 5. 5. 1. 6. V I. 5. P 17.

The scales of the body are of medium size ; those upon the head, cheeks, oper-
cular pieces and throat are quite small. The course of the lateral line is parallel
to the outline of the back.

The color is of a uniform reddish or crimson tint, lighter beneath. There
exists, on the upper part of opercle, in the region occupied by the spines above
alluded to, a large, elongated spot of a much deeper hue.

From San Diego, Cal.

12. Sebastes fasciatus, G. The species which we propose here to charac-
terize, has more of the general aspect of a Scorpceita, than of the genus to which
it belongs. The body, anteriorly, is very stout and deep, the head more rounded,

1854.] 147

with its upper profile more inclined from the occiput to the snout than in the pre-
ceding species. The total length of the fish is about eleven inches, of which
the head forms more than the third. The reatest depth is equal to the length
of head. The upper surface of the latter exhibits conspicuous spiny ridges, very
acute posteriorly. Five triangular spines occupy the limb of preopercle and two
the upper part of opercle. The posterior extremity of upper maxillary reaches
a vertical line which would pass behind the pupil. The outline of anterior dorsal
is convex and about the same height as the second. The caudal, posteriorly, is
subrouuded. The tips of posterior soft rays of anal are even with the tips of
posterior soft rays of second dorsal, and both fins approximate the base of caudal.
The ventrals are long and their tip reaches the vent. The pectorals are broad
and extend a little farther back than the ventrals, the insertion of which is
situated upon a line behind their base.

D XIII. 13. A III. 7. C 2. 1. 6. 5. 1. 3. V I. S. P 18.

The scales are rather above the medium size ; those on the bead and opercular
bones being comparatively more developed than in the preceding species. The
lateral line is parallel to the outline of the back.

The ground color is greenish sulphur yellow ; purplish black patches over the
head, sides of body, and fins, in the midst of which patches appear crowded
whitish spots. An area of ground color may be traced from the third and fourth
dorsal spines obliquely downwards and backwards, towards the base of the caudal;
in an oblique direction from the dorsal fin to the lateral line; then along the
course of lateral line to the base of caudal fin. The throat is deep sulphur yellow;
the inferior surface of the head and belly is spread all over with a more dull tint.

From Presidio, Cal.

HETEROLEPIDiE s. Cataphracti.

13. Chirus guttatus, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 132.
From Presidio, Cala.

14. Chirus constellatis, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 141.
From Presidio, Cal.

GASTEROSTEID^ s. Cataphracti.

15. Gasterosteiis plebekts, G. The general appearance of this species is
subfusiform in its profile and rather short. The depth upon the middle region
of the body is a little less than the fourth of the length, whilst the head is con-
tained in it three times and a half. The eye is of medium size and circular, its
diameter entering four times in the length of the side of head. Mouth of medium
size, lower jaw the longest. Upper surface of head minutely granular under a
magnifying glass. Two well developed spines on the back, and a much smaller
one preceding the soft rays of the dorsal. Posterior margin of the caudal, slightly
crescentic. Ventral spines very much developed, inserted slightly in advance
of the second dorsal spine, and denticulated upon either edge. Base of the pec-
toral situated in advance of the first dorsal spine.

D I. I. Ml. A 1-9. C 3. 1. 5. 5. 1. 2. V I. 1. P 10.

The body is anteriorly plated from the head to the second dorsal spine; other-
wise smooth and keelless on the sides of the peduncle of tail.

Ground color reddish yellow, blotched with blackish brown ; blotches assu-
ming sometimes the shape of vertical bands. Beneath silvery. Minute and
crowded black dots are spread all over the body, head and fins.

From the salt marshes about Presidio, Cal.

16. Gasterosteus inopinatus, G. General form slender, elongated, tapering
considerably from the origin of anal backwards. Peduncle of the tail slender
and long. The greatest depth, measured above the ventrals, is contained five
times in the entire length ; the head, on the other hand, falls a little short of the
fourth of the same length. The eye rather large, is subcircular; its horizontal
diameter enters three times and a half in the length of side of head; once in ad-
vance of the anterior rim of the orbit. The mouth is shaped as in the preceding

148 [August,

species. The upper surface of head exhibits some minute granules when ex-
amined with a magnifying glass. There are two slender dorsal spines and
and another, small, precedes the soft rays of dorsal fin. Posterior margin of cau-
dal subconcave. Ventral spines slander, inserted immediately in advance of the
second dorsal spine and very minutely serrated above, inconspicuously beneath.
Base of pectorals just in advance of anterior dorsal spine.

D I. I. I. 10. A I. 9. C 3. 1. 5. 5. 1 . 3. V I. 1 . P 10.

The body is anteriorly plated as in the preceding species, and smooth poste-
riorly.

Ground color above yellowish, densely dotted with blackish; abdomen silvery.

From a fresh water lagoon about one mile back of Presidio, Cal., where ac-
cording to Lt. Trowbridge, no larger fish occur.

SCLENID.E.

17. Umbriwa UNDUL.ATA, G. Greatest length of specimen described, six
inches, the head being comprised in it four times and a half. F>ody much com-
pressed, particularly the upper part of flanks. Head and snout rounded ; mouth
rather small ; posterior extremity of upper maxillary extending to a vertical
line which would pass in advance of the orbit. Eye subelliptical, its horizontal
diameter being contained five times in the length of side of head. First dorsal
subtriangular ; its anterior margin is situated a little behind the base of pecto-
rals. The second dorsal, a little higher anteriorly than posteriorly, is twice and
a half as long as the first. The caudal is posteriorly subtruncated. The anal
is about one third deeper than its base is long, and as deep as the first dorsal is
high. The posterior extremity of pectorals extends to a line which would in-
tersect the first ray of second dorsal. The tip of ventrals extends beyond that
of pectorals without reaching the vent.

D IX. I. 25. A I. 9. C 3. 1. 7. 7. 1. 2. V I. 6. P 20.

The scales are of medium size; those on the cheek and opercular apparatus
are quite conspicuous, 'foe lateral line is slightly arched under the first dorsal
fin, otherwise parallel to the dorsal outline of the body.

Upper regions silvery-ash ; inferior regions dull yellowish. Sides beneath the
lateral line exhibiting obi ique and undulated series of small greyish spots in the
midst of a somewhat lighter ground of the same hue.

From San Diego, Cal.

18. Glyphisodox RUBicuxDrs, G. The head has a very short appearance ns
well as the body itself. The largest specimen measures nine inches and a half

n total length, of which the head forms a little less than the fourth. The an-

erior upper part of body is very convex^and the profile of the head very declive

with two depression?, one above, the other below the ocular region. The mouth

s small and the lips very fleshy. The eye is situated high up, small and cir-

' ular, and contained five times in the length of the side of head by its diameter.

The greatest depth, measured above the ventrals, is a little less than twice the

length of head. The dorsal fin begins a little behind the base of pectorals ; its

pinous portion is low and its upper margin almost straight ; the soft part rises

'ntoa subtriangular shape. The peduncle of tail is well defined, free above and

below j the dorsal, however, coming nearer to the base of caudal than the anal

;oes. The caudal is very large, deeply emarginated. but the lobes are uniformly

rounded and broad. The soft portion of anal has the same conico-trianeular shape

as the soft dorsal. The ventrals are elongated and inserted behind the base

of pectorals. The latter are quite broad, rounded upon their external margin ;

their posterior extremity falling short of that of the ventrals.

D XII. 16. A II. 15. C 3. 1. 6. 7. 1. 2. V I. 5. P. 19.

The scales of the body are very large, and so are those of the opercle. On
the preopercle and cheek they are smaller. The scales extend to the dorsals,
caudal and anal fins to nearly their extremity: on the spinous dorsal they are
very conspicuous, whilst they become very small and almost minute on the
caudal, soft dorsal, and anal.

The color is uniform deep crimson red throughout. The ventrals are exter-

1854. J 149

nally margined with black. The lips appear to have had a deeper hue, as also
the two cephalic depressions above alluded to.
From Monterey, Cal.

SCOMBERESOCES.

19. Beloxe exilts, G. The head forms a little more than two sevenths of
the entire length, which measures about twelve inches and a half. The body
is very slender and exiguous. The head is flattened upon the occiput, and
grooved between the eyes. The eye is well developed and its longitudinal di-
ameter comprised about eleven times in the length of the side of head; seven
times in advance of its anterior rim, and three times backwards of its posterior
rim. The anterior portion of anal is more developed than the same part in dor-
sal, the posterior extremity of which is but seven tenths of an inch distant from
the rudimentary rays of the caudal : the anal does not extend quite as far back.
The anterior margin of the latter is situated considerably in advance of the dor-
sal, and its base is longer also. The insertion of ventrals is equidistant between
the base of caudal fin and the centre of the pupil. The posterior margin of the
caudal is emarsiinated.

D 1C. A 13. C 4. 1. 7. 6. 1. 3. V 6. P 14.

The scales are quite small, few of which only are preserved on the specimen
described.

B ick deep greenish ; sides and belly rufous with an argentine reflection upon
the sides. Pectorals, ventrals, and anal greenish [yellow ; dorsal and caudal
greenish grey.

Fioin Sun Diego, Cal

BLENNIDjE.

20. Blexmus gextilis, G. The body is very much compressed and tapering,
from head, where deepest, to the base of caudal. The head constitutes the fifth
of total length ; the snout is veiy abbreviated and rounded. The greatest depth
is about equal to the length of head. The mouth is rather large ; the posterior
extremity of upper maxillary reaching a vertical line which would intersect the
middle of the pupil. The eye is large and circular, and its diameter contained
four times in the length of side of head. A flattened and slender membranous
flap is inserted above the eye. Soft portion of dorsal higher than the spiny part;
anal much lower than dorsal. Ventrals long and filifoim. Caudal posteriorly
rounded, tips of both dorsal and anal reaching its base. The lateral line termi-
nates under the eleventh ray of the spiny dorsal.

1) XII. 17. A 19. C 6. 1. 5. 4. 1. 5* V I. 2. P 12.

Ground color yellowish-brown. Dorsals, caudal, and pectorals maculated with
d.irk purple. Blotches of the same hue may be seen all along the back. Sides
of abdomen and head marked with small subquadrangular spots also of dark
purple. Upper part of head, snout, ventrals, and anal deep purple. Tips of
rays of anal yellowish.

From Monterey, Cal.

21. Gunelles ornatuSj G. Body very much compressed, preserving its depth
from head to origin of anal, hence gradually diminishing towards the caudal.
H^ad small, rounded anteriorly, and contained nine times and a half in the total
length. Posterior extremity of upper maxillary extending to a vertical line
which would pass slightly behind the anterior margin of the orbit. Eye circular
and of medium size ; its diameter being contained about four times in the length
or side of head. Dorsal and anal fins very low and united to the caudal. Origin
of dorsal immediately behind the base of pectorals. Caudal posteriorly rounded.
Origin of anal equidistant between base of pectorals and extremity of caudal.
Ventrals reduced to a small spine, inserted immediately in advance of the base
of pectorals.

D 70. A 35. C 2. 1. 8. 8. 1. 1. V [. P 12.

The scales are very minute ; the lateral is not discernible.

Ground color yellowish; back marked with thirteen roundish spots of blackish

150 [August,

brown, two of which situated in advance of the dorsal fin. Occasionally, verti-
cal bands of a lighter hue may be observed on the sides, though in a very obso-
lete manner in the specimen before us. There is an oblique vitta upon the occi-
put extending from the eye towards the back, an interocular spot, and a suborbital
vitta from the orbit to the inferior surface of head. Lips blackish. Pectorals
and anal yellow. Caudal greyish yellow.
From Presidio, Cal.

Genus APODICHTHYS, Girard.

This genus is framed to include such species, as, having the general fascies of
Gunellus, are characterized by the total absence of ventral fins.

The Gnnellua apos of Kamtschaka is to come under this heading, under the
appellation of Apodichthys apos.

22. Apodichthys flavidus, G. The species referred to is between eleven
and twelve inches long. Its head is anteriorly rounded and truncated, and is
contained over nine times in the total length. The eye is rather small and sub-
circular, contained about seven times in the length of side of head. The mouth
is large, obliquely directed upwards, and the posterior extremity of the upper
maxillary extends to a vertical line which would pass behind the orbit. The
origin of dorsal is situated opposite the base of pectorals. A stylet-shaped bone
in advance of the anterior margin of anal, which is much nearer the extremity
of caudal than to the base of pectorals. The pectorals are short and rounded
upon their margin. The rays of the fins, as nearly as we can ascertain, are as
follows :

D 86-90. A 40. C 4. 1. 11. 10. 1. 3. V 0. P 17.

The scales are exceedingly small, and the lateral line not visible.

Uniform yellowish, with a slight greyish hue. A narrow oblique black vitta
from eye to occiput, and a similar one from the inferior rim of the orbit to the
angle of the mouth.

From Presidio, Cal.

23. Apodichthys violacetjs, G The specimen before us is much smaller
than that from which the above species was described, having but three inches
and three-fourths of total length, in which the head is contained seven times.
The eye is subcircular, of medium size, and its horizontal diameter contained
five times in the length of the side of head. The mouth is likewise obliquely
directed upwards ; but the posterior extremity of the upper maxillary extends
only to a vertical line which would intersect the pupil. The origin of the dorsal
is situated immediately behind the base of the pectorals: its anterior third is
lower than the rest. The origin of the anal, which is much lower than the two
posterior thirds of the dorsal, is much nearer the base of the pectorals than to
the extremity of th* caudal. The latter is very small, posteriorly rounded, and
contiguous to both the dorsal and anal. The pectorals are short and rounded.

I) 65. A 42. C 2. 1. 7. 6. 1. 2. V 0. P 10.

The scales are small, but proportionally larger than in the preceding species;
and the lateral line, which is very conspicuous, may be traced from the upper
margin of the opercle to near the caudal ; from the opercle it ascends obliquely
for a certain distance, and then follows the outline of the back, keeping much
nearer the base of dorsal fin than the middle of the flanks.

The anterior portion of body and head is of a uniform deep violet ; the posterior
portion exhibits a somewhat brownish ground, over which is spread a violaceous
tint ; the fins are all deep violet. A deep purple crescent-shaped vitta extends
from either eye to the occiput. Two oblique vitta? on the sides of head, start-
ing, one from the anterior, the other from the posterior half of orbit to the bran-
chiostegal apparatus. The interocular space is likewise marked with a transverse
narrow band slightly convex backwards.

From San Luis Obispo, Cal.

24. Anarkichas fems, G. Two large specimens of this fish were received
in such a precarious state of preservation that there was no possibility of keeping

1854.] 151

the whole, and accordingly the bony frame alone lies before us. The zoological
characters of the species, as far as we could ascertain, differ from those of each of
the species previously described ; but having mislaid the notes taken at the time
of unpacking the collection, we do not feel justified in giving a diagnosis of them
from recollection, and merely record the species under the above specific name.
From Monterey, Cal.

LOPHID^E.

25. PomcHTHYs notatus, Grd. Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 141*
From Presidio and Monterey, Cal.

LABRIDiE.

26. Jults modestus, G. Body slender, elongated, and much compressed,
tapering posteriorly from the origin of anal. The greatest depth, measured upon
the middle of the abdomen, enters five or six times in the total length. The
head is subcorneal, and constitutes about the fifth of the entire length. The eye
is large, subcircular, and its horizontal diameter is contained four times and a
half in the length of side of head. The dorsal commences above the base of the
pectorals, being quite low for about half its length, and terminating at about
three quarters of an inch from the base of the caudal. The origin of the anal is
opposite the eleventh ray of the dorsal, and extends a little further back; the
depth of that fin is equal to the height of the portion of the dorsal opposite to it.
The eaudal is posteriorly subtruncated. The insertion of ventrals is opposite
the posterior extremity of base of pectorals, and their tips do not extend as far
back as those of the latter fins.

D IX. 13. A III. 12. C 4. 1. 6. 5. 1. 3. V I. 5. P 12.

The scales are very large ; the fall of the lateral line takes place in advance
of the posterior extremity of the base of dorsal fin.

Rufous brown above, yellowish upon the sides, and dull whitish yellow beneath.
Anterior seven dorsal spines with a black spot at their base ; a blackish blotch
at the base of the caudal.

From Monterey and San Diego, Cal.

ATHERINID.E.

27. Atherinopsis californiensis, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii.
1354, p. 134.

From Presidio, Cal.

EMBIOTOCOTD.E.

28. Embiotoca jack.soni, Agass. Amer. Jour, of Sc. Second series, xvi. 1853,
p. 387.

From Presidio, Cal.

ft, 29. Embiotoca lineata, G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 134.

A large specimen of this species, collected at San Diego, Cal., contained five
young ones, the total length of the largest beinu nearly three inches, and its
depth equal to the third of its length. Their bodies are light reddish orange,
with the peculiar longitudinal light strip?s very conspicuous. The two anterior
thirds of dorsals, the anterior third of anal, and the base of ventrals exhibiting a
deeper reddish orange ; the posterior portion of dorsal and of anal fins are rather
yellowish. An elongated jet black spot exists near the base of the anterior
portion of the soft dorsal ; the tip of ventrals is black ; the margin of the anterior
dorsal fin also black.

The caudal is long and truncated ; the extremities of both the dorsal and anal
fins extend beyond the base of caudal as appears to be the case in the young of
Rhacochilns tozotes.

From Presidio and San Diego, Cal.

30. Embiotoca cassidyi, G. There is another species of Embiotoca, the young
of which exhibit the same structure ol the fins as observed in those of E. lineata,

152 [August,

and Rhacochilus toxotes. We have before us five immature specimens, the largest
of which measures but two inches and a half, and is consequently smaller than
the largest of E. live at a. They werp collected by A. Cassidy, and sent with
other specimens, without mention being made whether caught freely swimming
in the water, or taken by him fiom the parent hsh. At any rate they are
easily distinguished from those of E. Hit eat a in possessing numerous trans-
verse greyish bands more or less regular from head to tail and from dorsa
to ventral line. The anterior portion of anal, the anterior edge of soft dorsal,
the tip ot spines of first dorsal, and the ventrals are blackish : the remaining
parts of these fins, as well as the caudal and pectorals, are yellowish. The cau-
dal is slightly emarginated posteriorly.

Adult specimens of this species have not yet fallen under our examination.
We have not hesitated in establishing it as distinct from those already described
after the careful study of the young in that family.

From San Diego, Cal.

31. Holconotcjs niioooTERus, Agass. Amer Jour, of Sc. Second series, xvii.
1854, p. 368.

Sixteen young were taken from ihe parent body; they are from eight-tenths of
an inch to an inch long. A small vitelline sac is still to be observed at the ab-
dominal region. The general form is slender and elongated. The head is deeper
than the body and rounded ; the snout much less prominent than in the adult;
its general outline resembling more that of an adult Amphisti chits. The vertical
fins are much more developed than in the parent ; the caudal is rounded off, the
central rays being the longest. The soft dorsal and anal are likewise higher
and extend posteriorly to the base of the caudal if not slightly beyond it, the dor-
sal at least.

Coloration uniform light yellowish ; fins whitish of an extreme transparency
owinu undoubtedly to their having but shortly escaped from the egg.

Specimens were obtained at Presidio and San Diego, Cal.

32. HoLCONorus trowbridgii, G. This species is about the size of H. rho-
doterus of which it has the general appearance. The body, however, is propor-
tionally less elongated and consequently more deep. The greatest depth, measured
between the origin of the first dorsal and the base of the ventrals, is contained
three times in the total length, whilst the head enters in it four times and three
fourths. The anterior portion of the body is superiorly very convex, and the
upper surface of head sloping rapidly towards a rounded snout terminated by a
very small mouth ; considerably smaller than in H. rhodoterits, whilst the teeth
are much shorter than in the latter species. The eye is large and circular, and
contained but three tim<--s in the length of the side of head ; the distance between
the anterior rim of the orbit and the end ol the snout is less than one diameter of
the eye. A line drawn vertically down from the origin of the lirst dorsal
would pass immediately behind the basp of the pectorals. The base of the
anal is compris<-d six times and a half in the total length of the fish, whilst
in II. rhoduterns the base of the same fin enters in the length of said species but
five times. The base of the ventrals is nearly equidistant between the symphy-
sis of the lower jaw and the posterior extremity of the base of anal ; in II. rhu-
doterus it is nearer to the snout.

D IX. 13. A III. 14. C 5. 1. 6. 6. 1. 4. V I. 5. P 1-16.

The size of the scales is nearly the same in both II. trowbridgii and II. rko-
doterus.

The upper region, from the end of the snout to the base of caudal is reddish
brown, with irregular interspersed clouded purplish spots. The side of head and
abdomen are silvery. The fins are yellowish ; a cloudlike purplish spot at the
anterior portion of anal. The posterior half of ventral is of a deep purple.

Ohs. The label accompanying this species was unfortunately lost, consequently
its location we are not prepared to give.

33. Holcoxotus megalops, G. This species, six inches and a half in total
length, is the largest of its species, as far as observations go. The body is very
much compressed and very deep upon its middle region, tapering rapidly from

1854.J 153

the origin of anal backwards. The greatest depth measured under the anterior
dorsal, is contained a little more than thrice and a half in the total length. The
head forms a little less than the fourth of the whole length. The cephalic
region is concave. Mouth rather above the medium size, its cleft being ob-
liquely directed upwards; the teeth are very exiguous ; the posterior extremity
of upper maxillary does not extend beyond the vertical line of the anterior rim
of orbit, owing to the oblique position of mouth. The eye is very large and cir-
cular ; its diameter being contained less than three times in the length of side of
the head. The anal is very Ions and low posteriorly. The caudal is forked.
The origin of ventrals is under the second spine of the anterior dorsal.

D IX. 27. A III. 32. C 4. 1. 6. 6. 1. 3. VI. 5. P 1-2G.

The scales are of medium size, and on the middle of flanks they are higner
than long, and subrounded.

Dorsal region and head above, ash colored or greyish brown ; dorsal and cau-
dal greyish. Sides of abdomen and belly dull yellow or white, with a silvery
reflection. Pectorals yellowish. Base of ventrals yellowish ; tip blackish or
deep purple. Anal yellowish at base with tips of rays greyish, and a d.tfused
spot upon its anterior third.

From Presidio, Cal.

'>

Genus PHANERODON, Girard.

Mouth rather small ; jaws very protractile; teeth large and subcorneal. Lips
not very fleshy ; lower one attached to the symphysis of the jaw. Anterior
part of dorsal fin gradually rising from the first to the last spine, which, however,
is a little shorter than the first articulated ray. Anal very low but quite long,
furnished with bifurcated rays.

This genus is allied to Emhiotoca by the presence of one row of teeth only upon
both the upper and lower jaws, and by the lower lip in not being free all around.
The structure of the dorsal reminds us of Amphistlchus, whilst the shape of the
anal is strongly suggestive of Holconotus.

31. Phankrodox furcatus, G. Body very flat, seven inches in total length,
tapering more or less rapidly backwards from the origin of both the soft dorsal
an, I anal. The greatest depth of body, measured above the insertion of ventrals,
is contained a little less than three times in the total length, in which the head
enters about four times and a half. The cleft of the mouth does not extend to
the anterior rim of the orbit. The eye is large and circular, and its diameter
comprised three times and a half in the length of side of the head. The inser-
tion of ventrals is opposite the fourth dorsal spine. The base of anal is nearly
equal to that of soft dorsal and lower than the latter, its spiny rays are very
small. The caudal is slender and deeply forked.

D X. 23. A 111. 33. C 4. 1. 6. G. 1. 3. V I. 5. P 1-19.

The scales ate large and provided anteriorly with numerous grooves.

Color yellowish brown above, lighter on the sides; whitish under the throat.
Fins yellowish. Margin of dorsal and caudal greyish. A diffused marginal spot
upon the anterior portion of anal.

From Presidio, Cal.

3-1. Ampuistjcutjs argenteus, Agass. Amer. Jour, of Sc. Second series, xvii.
1S>1, p. 3(57.

From Presidio, Cal.

CYPRIXID.E.

36. Posohickthys ARGVUErosus, G. This species is allied to P. ivceqnilohus;
it is, however, distinct from the latter by the structure of the caudal which is
equilobed like that of P. symmetricus* The head is contained five times in the
rotal length, which, in the specimen before us, is about three inches and three
quarters. The eye is large, subelliptical, and its horizontal diameter contained a
little over three times in the length of the side of head. The budy is compress-
ed, regularly fusiform in its outline. The insertion of ventrals is situated some-

154 [August,

what behind the anterior margin of the dorsal. The pectorals and ventrals are
rather small.

DI.9. A II. 8. C 6. 1. 9. 8. 1. 5. V I. 9. P 16.

The scales are well developed; the lateral line is conspicuous and slightly
bent downwards upon the abdomen.

The upper regions are rufous brown; the sides and belly shining silvery.
Minute blackish dots are scattered all over, more densely on the dorsal region.
A double series of these spots may be traced along the course of the lateral line.
Dorsal and caudal fins greyish yellow ; pectorals, ventrals and anal light yel-
low.

From Presidio, Cal.

37. Fundulus PARViPi.NNis, G. Greatest length of specimen observed, three
inches and one third; head contained in it a little more than four times. The
body is compressed, the back slightly arched anteriorly to the dorsal fin. Great-
est depth a little less than the" fifth of the length. Eyes subelliptical, their
horizontal diameter contained four times in the length of side of head: once in
advance of the anterior rim of the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal equidistant
between tip of snout and posterior margin of caudal, which is subconvex. The
origin of anal is opposite the middle of base of dorsal. All the fins are of small
dimensions.

D II. 11. A U. C 5. 1. 9. 8. 1. 4. V 5. P 16.

Scales rather large ; twelve longitudinal rows may be counted on the line of
greatest depth of body.

Ground color greenish yellow; upper part of head, back and sides blackish, re-
sulting from the accumulation of minute dots upon the scales, less crowded on
the flanks. Belly and inferior surface of head, unicolor, yellowish. A black
stripe exists upon the middle of the flanks, from the anterior third of body to
the base of caudal fin.

From San Diego, Cal.

GAJ)\DM.
3S. Gadus proximus, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 141.
From Presidio, Cal.

CLUPEID.E.

39. Clupea mirabilis, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, n. 13S.
An immature specimen, a few inches in length, the label of which was mis-
carried.

40. Meletta c^rulea, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 138.
From Presidio, Cal.

41. Kngratjlis -viordax, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 138.
From San Diego, Cal.

42. Engraulis delicatissimus, G The fascies of this species is widely dif-
ferent from that of either E. eacrasieholvs or E. mordax : the body being more
compressed, less tapering, and the head much shorter and less acute. The entire
length of the largest specimen before us is about three inches, the head being
comprised in it nearly five times and a half. The greatest depth of body is a
little less than the length of head, the upper surface of which is convex and but
siishtly declive. The eye is large and circular, and its diameter contained
twice and three fourths of a time in the lenth of the side of head. The origin
of dorsal is nearer the end of snout than to the extremity of caudal fin. The latter
is forked. The base of anal is almost twice as long as that of dorsal, and its an-
terior margin situated opposite the middle region of the latter. The ventrals
are small and short ; the pectorals long and slender.

D 14. A 24. C 7. 1. 8. 8. 1. 6. V 5.P 19.
The few scales left scattered all over the body are very large.
Ground color yellowish; a silvery band, about a tenth of an inch, or slightly
more, in width, occupies the middle of the flanks from head to base of caudal.
From San Diego, Cal.

1854.] 155

SALMONID.*:.

43. Argentina pretiosa, G. The body is gracefully elongated, compressed?
fusiform in its outline, six inches and one-third in total length, in which the head
enters for a little less than the fifth. The eye is large and circular, and its hori-
zontal diameter is contained a little over four times in the length of side of head.
The posterior extremity of upper maxillary extends to a vertical line which
would pass in advance of the pupil. The origin of dorsal fin is a little nearer
the tip of lower jaw than to the base of caudal fin. The adipose is situated op-
posite the posterior fourth of anal. The caudal is forked. Trie origin of ventrals
is placed a little behind the vertical line of anterior margin of dorsal ; the fins
are well developed. The pectorals are a little more slender and longer than the
ventrals.

J) 11. A 13. C 10. 1. 9. 8. 1. 8. V 8. P 1-16.

Scales of medium size. Upper region of head and back yellowish; outlines of
scales marked by minute blackish dots. Sides of head and middle of flanks
silvery, shining ; lower part of flanks and belly dull yellowish.

From Presidio, Cal.

PLEURONECTID^..

44. Flkusonectes maculosus, G. Body elongated, subelliptical ; dorsal and
ventral outline forming most regular curves into which the head immerges ante-
riorly with but a very slight depression above the eyes. The peduncle of the
tail is slightly contracted immediately behind the posterior margin of both the
dorsal and anal fins, which terminate evenly. From this point to the base of
caudal fin, the caudal region assume a dove tail shape. The caudal fin itself is
undulated posteriorly, the external and central rays being slightly longer than
the intermediate ones. The total length of the fish is about seven inches and a
b,alf, in which length the head enters four times and one third. The lower jaw
is the longest. The posterior extremity of upper maxillary reaches a vertical
line which would pass behind the posterior rim of the orbit. The eyes, placed
on the right side, are of medium size, elliptical, and their horizontal diameter is
contained about five times and a half in the length of the side of head. The
origin of dorsal is opposite the anterior rim of the orbit ; that of the anal is in
advance of the base of pectorals, as also the insertion of the ventrals, which are
short and broad.

D 68. A 52. C 3. 1. 7. 6. 1. 2. V 6. P 1-10.

Scales quite small, extending over the head and opercular apparatus. Anterior
arch of lateral line representing the section of a cupola in miniature.

Ground color reddish brown, with numerous scattered spots of a much deeper
hup.

From San Diego, Cal.

45. Platichthysrugosus, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p 139*
Out of five immature specimens, two have the eyes situated on the right side,

otherwise similar in every respect to those in which these organs are placed
upon the left.

From Presidio, Cal.

46. Parophrys vett;lvs, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 140.
From Presidio, Cal.

47. Psettichthys sordidus, Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, p. 142.
Specimens, smaller than those formerly described, exhibit upon their body and

fins irregular small black spots, in addition to the color elsewhere alluded to.
From Presidio, Cal.

DISCOBOLI.

48. Lepadogaster reticulatus, G. Head broad, semielliptical when viewed
from above; upper surface declive towards thesideSj as well as towards anterior
extremity. It forms nearly the third of the entire length, which, in ihe speci-
men described, is about three inches and a half. Its inferior surface is dattened.

156 [August,

The month is broad in ront, but not deeply cleft; its angle extending to the
vertical of the anterior rim of the eye. The latter is small, subelliptical in
shape, and situated near the upper surface of head; its horizontal diameter is
contained about six times in the length of the side of head. The body is an-
teriorly broader than deep; it diminishes gradually in both height and depth
towards the origin of the tail, which is quite compressed and very much reduced,
and terminated by a slender caudal fin. rounded upon its posterior margin. The
origin of the dorsal fin is situated a little in advance of the anus, but does not
unite with the caudal, between which and the posterior extremity of its base, a
space of three tenths of an inch is left; even the tips of its posterior rays do not
reach the base of the caudal. The anal begins a little further back than
the dorsal, is as deep as the latter is high, and extends likewise a little further
behind; the tips of its posterior rays nearly reaching the base of the caudal.
The pectorals are broad but slioit, the ventrals are imbedded in the membranous
disk peculiar to that group of fishes.

D 14. A 13. C 3. 1. 5. 4. 1. 3. V 8. P 20 4- 3.

The three inferior rays of pectorals are the stoutest, and situated under the
throat, connected with the disk, which is very large. The surface of the anterior
portion of the said disk exhibits large pavement-like cells.

The ground color is greenish brown, with a mesh work of black lines all over
the head and body. The infe-ior surface of head and belly are dull yellow.

From San Luis Obispo, Cal.

LOPHOBRANCHU.

49. Syngxatiitjsbrevirostris, G. Greatest length six inches and a half; head
forming about the eighth of it. Snout abbreviated, distance from anterior rim
of eye to tip of snout, equal to remaining portion of head. Dorsal fin quite low,
and thirteen twentieths of an inch long. Posterior margin of same fin nearly-
equidistant between tip of snout and extremity of caudal. Pectorals small.
No anal fin. Abdominal pouch, for the reception of the eggs after their laying,
very long. Caudal of medium size and rounded.

D 30. C 1.4.4. 1. P 12.

Ground color greenish, tessellated with brown.

From San Diego, Cal.

50. Svngnatiius leptorhynchus, G. Entire length six inches; head con-
tained in it six times and a half. Snout elongated and slender. Dorsal fin very
ow, and six tenths of an inch long ; its posterior margin nearer the extremity
of caudal fin than to the tip of the snout. Pectorals small. A rudimentary anal.
Caudal slender and rounded posteriorly.

D 32. A 1. C 1. 4.4. 1. P 10.

Dorsal region greenish yellow; sides bluish; abdomen whitish. Tail beneath
dull yellow.
San Diego, Cal.

The Committees to which were referred papers by Dr. Leidy, read
Aug. 8th, by Prof. t Baird and Mr. Chas. Girard, read Aug. l l'l(\, and
by .Dr. Le Conte, read same date, severally reported in favor of publica-
tion in the Proceedings.

Synopsis of extinct Jtfummalia, the remains of which have been discovered in the

Koceiie Formations of Nebraska.

By J-oskfh Leidy, M. D.

CARNIVORA.

1. Machairodus rRiM.Evus : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1851, v. 329; Owen's Re-

port of a G^olog. Survey of Wisconsin, etc 1852, 504 ; Ancient Fauna of
Nebraska, 1853, 95.

2. Dinictis ielina: Proc. Acad. lS51,vii.

1854.] 157

3. Asiphicyon vetus :

Dapkcenus veins : Proc. Acad. 1853, vi. 393.

4. Hy.e\odon horridtts : Proc. Acad. 18-33, vi. 393.

5. Hy.ENODON CRUENTrS : Ibid.

6. Hv^nodon CRUCIANS I Ibid.

iSOLIDUNGULA.

7. Anchitheriitm Bairdii: Owen's Rep. 572 ; Anc. Fauna, 67.

Palceotherium Bairdii: Proc. Acad. 1850, v. 121.

8. Hippodon speciostts: Proc. Acad. 185 1, vii. 90.

RUMINANTIA.

9. Poebrotherium Wilsoni : Proc. Acad. 1847, iii. 332 ; Owen's Rep. 571;

Anc. Fauna, 19.

10. Leptomeryx Evansi: Proc. Acad. 1853, vi. 39-1.

11. Merycodus hecattts: Proc. Acad. 1854, vii. 90.

12. Oreodon Culbertsonii : Owen's Rep. 518; Anc. Fauna, 45.

Meryroidodon Culbertsonii : Proc. Acad. 1848. iv. 47.
Oreodon priscns : Ibid. 1851, v. 238.
Cotylops speciosa : fbid. 239.
Oreodon major? : Anc. Fauna. 55.
Merycoido'lon. major? : Ibid.

13. Oreodon gracilis: Proc. Acad. 1850, v. 239; Owen's Rep. 550.

Merycoidodon gracilis : Owen's Rp. 550.

14. Agriocfkertjs antiqutts: Proc. Acad. 1830, v. 121 ; Owen's Rep. 571 ;
Anc. Fauna, 24.

MULTUNGULA.

15. Aceratherium ccc; ben tale.

Aceratherium : Proc. Acad. 1S51, v. 331.

Rhinoceros Occident alis : Proc. Acad. 1880, v. 119: Ibid. 1851, v. 276 ;
Owen's Rep. 552; Anc. Fauna, 81.

16. Aceratherium Nebrascense : Proc. Acad. 1651, v. 331.

Rhinoceros Neb raseensis : Ibid. 1850, v. 121; Owen's Rep. 556. Anc.
Fauna 86.

17. TiTANOTiircRnvj Proutii : Anc. Fauna 72-

Falaotherium, Prout: Am. Jour. Sc. Arts, 1847, iii. 24S.
Palceotherium? Proutii f Owen, Norwood, and Evans; Proc. Acad. 1850.

v. 66: Leidy : Ibid. 122 ; Owen's Rep. 551.
Rhinoceros 1 ? Ameriranus: Proc. Acad. 1S52, vi. 2.
Palceotherium, giganteum : Anc. Fauna 78.
E other i um americanum : Proc. Acad. 392.

18. Entelodon Mortoni.

ArehcBo im Mortoni: Proc. Acad. 1850, v. 92; Owen's Rep. 558;

Anc. Fauna 57.
Arctodon : Proc. Acad. 1851, v. 27s.

Archceotherium (12.. telodon ?) Mortoni: Owen's r.ep.. refer, to Tabic X.
Archoeotherium rohustum : Owen's Rep. 572.
Archceotkerium (Entelodon? ) robust urn : Anc. Fauna 66.

The above enumerated mammalia may be considered as well ascertained and

:t species. I am still uncertain whether Eucrotaphus* is distinct from

iochcerus ; and have, therefore, not included it in ihe list. The specimens

upon which the former genus was characterised, apparently indicate two distinct

species : whereas, all the teeth which have been found of the latter, so far have

indicated but one species.

See Anc. Fauna of Nebraska, p. 56.

158 [August,

Notice of a new genus of Cyprinidce.

By S. F. Batrd and Charles Girard.

COCHLOGNATHUS, B. & G. The jaws are armed with a spoon-shaped plate,
the edge of which is sharp and cutting. Pharingeal teeih disposed upon one single
row. The general appearance of the fish is cyprinoid, and stiongly suggestive
of Pimephales, the head having a rather robust appearance with a blunt snout.
The mouth itself is rather small. There are no barbies or rudimentary barbies
of any kind. The insertion of the ventral fins is situated opposite the anterior
margin of the dorsal. The caudal is emarginate. The scales are very large.
The lateral line is conspicuous, running through the middle of the flanks, slightly
bent dowtiwards upon the abdomen.

Cochlognathus ornatls, B. & G. Head forming two ninths of the entire
length, and abruptly rounded off on the snout. Mouth proportionately small and
terminal with oblique cleft. Eyes rather above the medium size ; their diameter
being contained four times in the length of the side of head. Body much com-
pressed, covered with large scales disposed in twelve longitudinal rows on the
line of greatest depth. Lateral line inflexed downwards upon the abdomen.
Anterior margin of dorsal nearly equidistant between the snout and rudimentary
rays of the caudal. Anal, situated entirely backwards of the dorsal. Caudal
forked. Insertion of ventrals beneath the anterior margin of dorsal ; tip of pec-
toral not reaching them.

D I. 8. A 6. C 4. 1. 9. 8. 1. 3. V 8. P 12.

The colors, as preserved in alcohol, present a reddish brown ground, and a
dark lateral band or stripe. The dorsal fin exhibits two elongated dark spots,
one anteriorly and basal, the other posteriorly and nearer to its tip. The posterior
half of the caudal has likewise a darker hue than its anterior and basal half,
which is of a dull orange, as is also its extreme margin.

Brownsville, Texas ; collected by Capt. Van Vliet.

Synopsis of the Erotylice of the United States*

By John L. LeConte, M. 1).

Engis Paykull.

1. E. quadrimaculata Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 169. Middle,
Southern and Western States. E. confluentus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3,

195, is a species of Ips.

Dacne Latr.

1. D. f asc i at a Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins. 10, 14 : Gen. Crust, et Ins. 2,
20. Lacord. Erotyl. 65. Ips fasciata Fabr. Ent. Syst. emend. 2, 511 : Engis
fasciata Syst. El. 2, 582. (Laporte, Hist. Nat. Col. 2, 15). Erotylus bifasciatus
Oliv. Enc. Meth. 6, 433. Middle and Southern States abundant ; the reference
in parenthesis is copied from Lacordaire.

2. D. her os Lacord. Erotyl. 67. Engis heros Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3,

196. Southern and Western States, not rare: also found in the Middle States,
but very rare.

Ischvrus Lac.
1. I. quadripu n c t at u s Lac. Erotyl. 127. Erotylus A-puvctatvs Oliv.
Enc. Meth. 6, 437. Ins. 89, tab. 3, fig. 37. Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 201.
Georgia, Texas, Missouri.

Langtjria Latr.

A. Antennae articulis 6-11 dilatatis.

1. L. thoracica; rufa nitida, thorace parce punctulato, latitudine vix longiore,
antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundato, macula dorsali rotundata ornato, elytris

1854.] 159

nigris subtiliter punctato-striatis, antennis, abdominis segmento ultimo, pedibus-
que nigris, ill is articulo 6to septimo aequal':. Long. 4 47.

Olivier, Ins. 88, tab. 1, ru. 2.

Southern States, not very rare. I see no reason why this i not Trogosita
bi color Fabr. (Enc. Syst. Suppl. 50; Syst. El. 1, 152): the description is
"corpus medium; caput ferrugineum antennis oculisque nigris; thorax laevis
glaber ferrugineus macula media nigra; elytra laevia nigra; corpus ferrugineum
pedibus nigris;" this certainly approaches quite closely to the present specie?,
and is very different from any of those to which other authors have applied it.
On account of the slight difference in the antennae, this species is made by Che-
vrolat the type of a separate genus Janessa (vide Dej. Cat).

2. L. p u n c t icol 1 i s, rufa nitida, thorace parce punctulato, latitudine non
longiore, antrorsum suban^ustato et lateribus rotundato, macula doraali rotunda-
ta ornato, elytris nigris subtiliter punctato-striatis ; antennis, abdominis segmento
ultimo pedibusque nigris, illis articulo 6to septimo fere sesqui minore. Long. 33.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 462 : Am. Ent. 3, tab. 39.

Pennsylvania. Except by the sixth joint of the antennae being intermediate in
size to the fifth and seventh, this species only differs from the preceding by the
smaller size, and by the sides of the thorax being rounded only towards the an-
terior angles.

B. Antennae articulis 7-11 subito dilatatis, subaequalibus.

3. L. last a, nigra, nitida, capite thoraceque laete runs, subtilius punctatis, hoc
latitudine longiore utrinque perparurn angustato, lateribus late rotundatis, elytris
striato-punctatis, interstitiis distincte punctulatis. Long. 35.

Kansas River. Body elongate, black shining. Head rufous, finely not densely
punctured. Antennae shorter than the head and thorax, black ; joints 2 6 small,
6th hardly wider than the fifth; 7 10 broad, transverse, subequal ; 11th round,
almost equal in bulk to the tenth. Thorax, about one fourth longer .than wide,
with the widest part about the middle, very slightly narrowed towards the apex
and base, broadly rounded on the sides, bright rufous, convex, finely not densely
punctured. Elytra with fine, punctu red, not deeply impressed striae, which near
the tip are somewhat obliterated ; interstices distinctly finely punctured. Be-
neath, the head and prothorax are rufous, with the tip of the sternum and coxae
blackish; the other parts are black and very finely punctulate.

4. L. c o 1 1 a r is, magis elongata, aeneo-nigra, thorace rufo subtiliter parcius
punctato, latitudine fere sesqui longiore, lateribus late rotundatis, elytris subtili-
ter punctato-striatis. Long. 32.

One specimen from Georgia. Narrower than the preceding, and entirely
of the same form as L. trifasciata. Body black with a slight brassy tinge ;
head finely not densely punctured: antennae as in L. laeta. Thorax nearly one
half longer than wide, somewhat narrowed anteriorly, broadly rounded on the
sides, dull rufous, finely not densely punctured. Elytra with fine rows of punc-
tures becoming obsolete towards the tip, interstices very obsoletely punctulate.
Under surface black, with the exception of the prothorax, which is dull rufous,
with the tip of the sternum dusky.

5. L. t r i f a s c i a t a, magis elongata, rufa nitida, capite, elytris basi et apice
late, abdominisque segmentis duobus ultimis violaceo-nigris ; thorace latitudine
fere sesqui longiore, parce punctato, lateribus versus basin fere rectis, tarsis
luscis, antennis nigris, articulis 3 6 rufescentibus. Long. *25 31.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 462. Am. Ent. 3, tab. 39.

Western States; occasionally found in Pennsylvania. The elytra are mode-
rately strongly punctato-striate ; the tip is almost smooth. In the female the
thorax is more convex and more rounded on the sides than in the male; the
apical margin of the thorax is frequently blackish. In both sexes the seventh
joint of the antennae is somewhat smaller than the eighth. The under surface is
sparsely punctured.

6. L. pulchra, magis elongata, rufa nitida, capite, antennis, elytris basi et

160

[August,

apice indeterminate et late, postpectore, abdominis segmentis duobus ultimis
tarsis genubnsque violaceo-nigris ; thorace latitudine fere sesqui longiore parce
punctata, lateribus fere rectis. Long. *31. ,

One specimen, Pennsylvania; Mr. Rathvon. Closely resembles the preceding,
and might readily be taken for a variety of it ; but the antennae are entirely
black, the postpectus and tip of the femora are also black; the limits between
the red and black of the plytra are badly defined; and the punctures of the under
surface are very much finer.

C. Antennae longiusculae, articulis 7 11 dilatatis, 7mo sequent! plus sesqui

minore.

7. L.Latreillei, valde elongata, linearis, nigra, nitida, thorace latitudine
fere duplo longiore, lateribus vix rotundatis subparallelis, minus dense punctate,
rufo, vitta dorsali Integra nUra, elytris profunde punctato-striatis. Long. -35 4.

' Languria bi.color Fabr.'J Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins. 12, 35 ; Gen. Ins. et
Crust. 3, 65, tab. 11, fig. 11. \ Olivier, Ins. 88, tab. 1, lig. 1. \ Say, Am. nt.
3, tab. 39.

? Ling aria gracilis Newman, Ent. Mag. 5,390.

Middle, Southern an*d Western States. Latreille was the first to apply to this
species the description of Fabricius, with which it by no means agrees ; the
other authors above mentioned have merely copied the error from him.

1 should have applied the name given by Newman to this species, were it not
that the size mentioned in his description (long. *6 unc. ; lat. '03 unc.) could
never be attained by it. The relative proportions of the length to the breadth
are., however, impossible in this genus, and in other respects the description
agrees with the species here described.

8. L. d i s c o i d ea, rufa, thorace subtiliter parce punctulato, latitudine fere
sesqui longiore, lateribus rotundatis, macula ovali dorsali nigra ornato, elytris
nigris, subtiliter seriatim punctulatis, antennis abdominis segmentis ultimis duo-
bus, pedibusque nigris ; femoribus ban late rufis. Long. 31.

One specimen, Georgia: resembles in appearance L. puncticollis, but is longer
and narrower. Body rufous ; head finely punctulate. Antennae shorter than the
head and thorax, black, with the second to the sixth joints slender, subequal ;
the 7th is slightly dilated, but not more than half as wide as the 8th, which
again is narrower than the 9th; 9th and 10th equal, slightly transverse ; 11th
rounded. Thorax nearly one half longer than wide, widest about the middle,
broadly rounded on the sides, convex, finely, not densely punctulate, with a dis-
coidal oval black spot reaching from the apex to behind the middle. Elytra not
wider than the thorax, bluish black, with fine rows of punctures becoming obso-
lete at the tip. Beneath rufous, first and second segments of the abdomen
sparsely, coarsely punctured ; fourth and fifth segments black. Legs black, basal
half of the femora rufous.

9. L. teed a t a, piceo-rufa, nitida, capite postice nigricante, thorace latitudine
fere sesqui longiore antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundato, parce punctata,
macula dorsali indeterminate nigra, elytris aeneo-r.igris, subtiliter striata -punc-
tatis, antennis nigris. pedibus fusco-rufis, femoribus acnescentibus. Long. -41.

One specimen found on the sea shore near New York. Body moderately slen-
der, dark rufous tinged with piceous and brassy; head sparsely punctured, punc-
tures finer towards the occiput, which is nearly black. Antennae shorter than
the head and thorax, joints 2 6 slender, the third being twice as long as the
second; 7th slightly dilated, 8th still more dilated, but not as wide as the 9th
and 10th, which are somewhat transverse; 11th larger, rounded. Thorax nar-
rowed at the base, more narrowed anteriorly; sides broadly rounded ; disc mo-
derately convex, sparsely, not finely punctured, with a large rounded, ill-defined,
dorsal spot. Elytra brassy black, shining, finely striato-punctate, striae finer
posteriorly, but extending almost to the tip. Under surface entirely rufous with
a piceous tinge, uniformly sparsely punctured. Legs fusco-aeneous, femora, ex-
cept at base, piceous black tinged with brassy; tarsi almost rufous.

1854.]

1G1

10. L. Mozardi, rufa, nitida, thorace latitudine longiore, convexo, parce
punctulato, lateribus late rotundatis, elytris cyaneo-nigris, punctato-striatis, ab-
dominis segmentis ultimis tribus antennis pedibusque nigris, femoribus basi
rufis. Long. -22 -31.

Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins. 3, 66. Olivier, Ins. 88, tab. 1, fig. 3. Say. Am.
Ent. 3, tab. 39.

Middle, Southern and Western States ; not rare. This species has the antennae
rather stouter than the others of this division, and the fifth and sixth joints are
a little rounded ; the seventh joint is a little smaller than the 8th, which is also
a little smaller than the ninth. By these characters it forms a transition towards
L. trifasciata, of division (B.)

11. Trogossita ? angustata Beauvois, Ins. d' Afrique et d'Amer. 125, tab.
32, fig. 2.

12. L. b r e v i c o 1 1 i s, Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 48, and

13. L. inornata Randall, ibid, from Massachusetts ; are unknown to me.

Triplax Payk.

I continue to retain Tritoma united with this genus, as the slight difference in
form will by no means warrant their separation. The differences in the antennae
cannot be considered as of greater value, since in neither of the groups are they
persistent ; finally, the last joint of the maxillary palpi is more transverse in the
genuine Triplax, being about three times wider than long, while in Tritoma the
breadth is only double the length. For convenience in determining the species
they may be arranged in several divisions.

A. Corpus elongato-ovale ; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo latitudine triplo
breviore ; tibiae anticae haud dilatatae.

* Antennarum articulo 8vo praecedenti simili.

1. T. festiva Lacordaire, Mon. Erotyl. (1842,) 208. Lee. Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 71. T. fasciata Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. (1847,) 3, 176.
Southern States, rare.

2. T. m ac r a, elongata, elliptica, rufa, nitida, thorace latitudine duplo bre-
viore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus fere rectis, dorso subtilius parce punctato,
elytris nigris subtiliter striato-punctatis, interstitiis vix parce punctulatis, an-
tennis nigris thorace non brevioribus, articulo 3io sequenti sesqui longiore.
Long. -24, (lat. 10.)

One specimen from Maine, given me by Prof. A. Guyot. Proportionally much
narrower than the next species, which it resembles in coloring, but is distin-
guished by the thorax being less punctured and not narrowed anteriorly ; by the
striae of the elytra being impressed, by the interstices having no distinct punc-
tures, and by the antennae being entirely black.

3. T. thoracica Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 4, 89. Lee. ibid. 2d ser. 1, 71.
T. melanoptera Lac. Erotyl. 215.

Georgia, New York, Lake Superior. In some specimens the thorax is nar-
rowed from the base ; in others the sides are parallel from the base nearly to the
middle; this difference is probably sexual.

4. T. californica, elongato-ovalis, antennarum basi, pedibus, capite tho-
raceque rufis, hoc latitudine plus duplo breviore fortius punctato, a basi antror-
sum angustato, lateribus rectis, elytris fortius seriatim punctatis, striis subim-
pressis, interstitiis parce punctulatis. Long. *15 '18.

San Jose, California. Somewhat less convex than the other species, and di -
tinguished from the next, which it resembles in color, by the 8th joint of the
antennae being similar to the seventh. From that, as from all others of division
(A,) it is known by the coarser punctuation and by the very straight sides
of the thorax.

14

162 [August,

* * Antennarum articulo 8vo triangulari, paulo dilatato. '

5. T. f 1 a v i c o 1 1 i s Lac. Mon. Erotyl. 218. Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d
ser. 1, 71. A common species found from Louisiana to Lake Superior. It is
certain! v bv error that Dr. Melsheimer (Cat. of Described Col. &c. p. 46) con-
siders it as Tetratoma dimidiata Fabr. (Syst. El. 2, 574) since we have a native
species of Tetratoma which corresponds with the description.

6. T. con finis, nigra, elliptica, antennis (clava excepta) pedibus capite
thoraceque runs, hoc latitudine plus duplo breviore, lateribus magis rotundatis,
sat punctato, elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis. Long. -16.

New York, two specimens. This species resembles closely the preceding,
and only differs by the body being somewhat broader and less convex, and by
the sides of the thorax being considerably rounded, instead of obliquely and
slightly rounded. A more detailed description is therefore unnecessary.

B. Corpus ovatum ; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo latitudine duplo breviore.
a. Tibiae anticae non dilatatse ; antennarum articulo 3io sequentibus duobus
longiore.

7. T. sangfuinipennis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 4, 89. Lee. ibid. 2d
ser. 1, 71. Middle and Southern States.

8. T. pulchra. Tritoma pulchrum Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 301. Tri-
toma cincta Lac. Erotyl. 223. Middle States, rare; for my unique specimen I
am indebted to Mr. Ziegler.

9. T. dimidiata. Tritoma dimidiata Lacord. Erotyl. 224. Trit. basale\\
Mels. Proc. Acad. 3, 175. Triplax pulchra\ Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser.
1, 71. Middle and Southern States.

10. T. vittata Lee. Journ. Acad. 2d ser. 1,71. One specimen, "Western
New York.

b. Tibiae anticae plus minusve dilatatae ; (antennae ut supra.)
et. Thorax elytraque nigra, his macula basali ornata.

11. T. rufic eps Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 71. South Carolina,
Mr. Zimmermann.

12. T. humeral is. Tritoma humeral e Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 571. Triplax
tceniata Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 71. Middle and Southern States ;
abundant.

13. T. b i g u 1 1 a t a Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 4, 89. Tritoma basalis La-
cordaire, Erotyl. 225. Middle and Southern States ; abundant.

/3 Thorax rufus, elytra nigra.

14. T. a f fin is Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 71. Tritoma affinis
Lacord. Erotyl. 224. Georgia and Texas.

15. T.atriventris Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 72. South Caro-
lina to Texas ; abundant.

y. Thorax et elytra concoloria, nigra vel picea.

15. T. erythrocephala Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 71. Tri-
toma erythrocephala Lac. Erotyl. 226. Southern States.

16. T. an gul at a Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 71. Tritoma angu-
lation Say, ibid. 5, 300. Tritoma flavipes Lacord. Erotyl. 226. Middle and
Southern States.

17. T. b r u n n e a Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1. 71. Tritoma brun-
nea Lacord. Erotyl. 222. New York.

18. T. u n ic o lo r Lee Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1,71. Tritoma unicolor
Say, ibid. 4, 300. Lacord. Erotyl. 220. Middle and Southern States ; abundant.

1854.] 163

19. T. livid a Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1,71. Tritoma livideu
Lacord. Erotyl. 227. I have never seen this species.

Erotylus Fabr.

1. E. Boisduvalii Lacord. Erotyl. 466. A large number of this specie!
were collected by Mr. Fendler, near Santa Fe, in New Mexico.

2. E. californicus Lacord. Erotyl. 467. Unknown to me; said to be
from Southern California.

The Committee on Messrs. Evans and Shumard's papers, read June
20th and August 1st, 1854, reported in favor of publication in the Pro-
ceedings.

Descriptions of new fossil species from the Cretaceous Formation of Sage Creek,
Nebraska, collected by the North Pacific Railroad Expedition, under Gov.
J. Ji Stevens.

By John Evans, M. D., a*nd B. F. Shumard, M. D.

Avictda triangularis. (Nov. sp.)

Shell small, thin, sub-ovate, length and breadth nearly equal, anterior ex-
tremity pointed, expanding rapidly towards the posterior extremity, which is
rounded below the wing; wing small, triangular; umbones inflated; beaks
pointed and nearly terminal, hinge margin with a well defined furrow running its
entire length ; surface with rounded, concentric slightly elevated ribs, crossed
by indistinct, radiating striae.

Locality. Cretaceous formation, Sage Creek, Nebraska. The pearly nacre is
finely preserved in all the specimens of this shell that we have seen, forming an
elegant contrast with the dark hue of the matrix.

Avicula lingua for mis. (Nov. sp.)

Syn. Avicula undet. Owen, Final Rep. Geol. Iowa, Wisconsin and

Minnesota, tab. vii. fig. 10.

Shell very oblique, elongated, linguaeform, moderately convex ; surface smooth;
cardinal line straight, about equal to the greatest width of the shell ; posterior
wing triangular, acute, anterior wing triangular, separated from the body of the
shell, by the continuation of a shallow groove which surrounds its most gibbous
portion ; posterior edge sigmoid, forming an obtuse angle with the cardinal mar-
gin; anterior and basal edges convex ; beaks pointed, projecting a little above
the cardinal border, situated about one-fourth the length of cardinal line from the
anterior extremity. The mould of the shell exhibits a line of small tubercles,
commencing at the point of the beak and extending in a curve to the base of the
posterior muscular impression ; the latter is very large and somewhat reniform.

Length one inch, width at cardinal border 10 lines, length from extremity of
anterior wing to posterior inferior extremity 19 lines.

This species is rather common in the septaria of the cretaceous group at Sage
Creek, Nebraska, but perfect specimens are procured with diificulty.

Solaritim flexistriatum. (Nov. sp.)

Shell small, discoidal, depressed, convex, terminating exteriorly in a sharp
cutting edge ; velutions four or five ; spire very slightly elevated, inner edge of
volutions bounded by a row of tubercles ; surface marked by fine revolving thread-
like striae, which are crossed by fin< fiexuous striae, giving an exceedingly
neat reticulated appearance to th shell. Umbilicus large ; mouth sub-quad-
rangular.

Dimensions. Width, 3i lines ; height, 1J lines.

This pretty shell occurs quite abundantly in septaria of the cretaceous forma-
tion of Sage Creek, Nebraska.

1G4 [August,

Mytilus Galpinianus . (Nov. sp.)

Shell sub-ovate, arcuate, inflated, surface smooth, or marked only by five in-
distinct concentric lines of growth ; umbones prominent, rounded, anterior side
short; beaks nearly terminal, muscular impression small, placed near the an-
terior extremity ; posterior side broad, extremity rounded.

Dimensions. Length 7.5 lines, width 15 lines, thickness 6 lines. The only
specimen we have of this species is partly denuded of its shell, so that some of
the characters above given may have to be slightly modified, when more perfect
specimens are obtained for examination.

Locality. Fox Hills, Nebraska. For this species we are indebted to the
politeness of Mr. Galpin, agent of the Amer. Fur Co., in charge of Fort Pierre
Chouteau, and to him it gives us pleasure to dedicate it.

Pholadomya elegantula. (Nov. sp.)

Shell sub-ovate, transverse, inflated; anterior side short, rounded ; posterior
side elongated, gaping; basal margin regularly rounded ; ligament margin arcu-
ate ; umbones prominent ; surface marked with about 45 concentric ribs, which
increase in width from the beak to the fyasal margin, becoming nearly obsolete
posteriorly ; these are crossed by about 25 radiating granular ribs, close together
on the middle portion of the shell, the intervals increasing in width towards the
anterior and posterior borders.

Dimensions. Length 18 lines, width 22 lines, thickness 1 inch.

Locality. It occurs in septaria of the cretaceous group at Sage Creek, Ne-
braska, associated with Ammonites Oweni 9 Scaphites nodosus and Inoceramus
Sagensis.

Rostellaria Nebrascensis. (Nov. sp.)

Shell elongate, conical ; whorls about eight, convex, body whorl with two well
rounded keels ; lip prolonged transversely, terminating in a sharp point ; all the
volutions ornamented with transverse revolving thread-like striae, which are
crossed longitudinally by prominent flexuous ribs.

It occurs with the preceding species at Sage Creek, Nebraska.

Descriptions of neiv fossil species from the fresh water Tertiary Formation of Ne-
braska, collected by the North Pacific Railroad Expedition, under Gov* J J
Stevens.

By John Evans, M. D., and B. F. Shumard, M. D.

The organic remains which form the subject of the present communication
were obtained from Nebraska Territory, in the vicinity of Peno Creek, a small
tributary of Teton or Little Missouri River, about ninety miles from Fort
Pierre Chouteau. They occur in great profusion in thin-bedded, light gray, sili-
ceous limestone, near the summit of the elevated plateaux which border the
Mauvaises Terres. They consist of several species of Lymnea, one Physa, one
Planorbisy the seed vessels of a species of Chara and the carapaces of a minute
Cypris. These genera at once establish the lacustrine character of the deposit
in which they occur. The fossils are beautifully preserved, and project in fine
relief from the weathered surfaces of the limestone. Many of them have been
converted into semi-transparent chalcedony. They are of considerable interest,
from the fact, that the strain in which they are imbedded, repose on the tertiary
marls and clays, which have yielded those magnificent collections of extinct mam-
malian and chelonian remains de^ribed by Prof. J. Leidy, in his recent very
valuable memoirs, published in Dr. Owen's Final Report on the Geology of
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, the Smithsonian Contributions, and in the Pro-
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences.

Planorbis Nebrascensis. (Nov. sp.)
Shell small, depressed, discoidal, above moderately concave ; volutions about
four, rounded, obtusely carinated ; below rounded, umbilicus small, exhibiting
the volutions to the apex of the spire, suture distinct ; body whorl with an obtuse

1854.] 165

dorsal carina, aperture sub-trigonal, surface marked with delicate, arched striae
of growth.

Width, 2s lines ; height h of a line.

Occurs very abundantly.

Lymnea diaphana. (Nov. sp.)

Shell small, oblong, ovate- conic ; whorls fine, convex, crossed by delicate lines
of growth, spire short, acute at apex ; aperture oval, slightly dilated, rather
larger than half the length of the shell; columella rather delicate and sinuate,
umbilicus minute.

Length, 2j lines ; width, 1J- lines ; length of aperture, \h lines.

Very common.

Lymnea Nebrascensis. (Nov. sp.)

Shell ovate, sub-conic, volutions five, convex, crossed by minute, elevated
lines of growth ; body whorl ventricose, more than twice the length of spire ;
spire short, apex pointed, suture not deeply impressed ; lip produced in front.

Length, 5 lines ; length of body whorl, 4 lines ; width about 2^ lines.

All the specimens in our possession are very much compressed, and other-
wise mutilated, so that the form and character of the aperture cannot be deter-
mined. It is very similar to the preceding species, from which it is distinguished
by its greater size and its numerous crowded striae.

PHYSA SE.CALINA. (Nov. Sp.)

Shell small, thin, oblong-oval ; volutions four, evenly convex, smooth or with
very fine lines of growth ; aperture ovate, narrow, more than equal to the entire
length of the shell ; spire short, slightly rounded at summit, suture distinct but
slightly impressed.

Length, 2 lines ; width, \\ lines.

Only two specimens of this little shell have come under our observation, and
these rather imperfect.

Cypris Leidyi. (Nov. sp.)

Carapace minute, reniform, vertical section sub-cordate, width of extremities
nearly equal ; central and anterior portions of surface very convex, the convexi-
ty diminishing towards the posterior end; ventral margin straight or very slightly
concave, about one third shorter than the entire length of the valves; dorsal and
lateral margins convex, encircled by a well defined, narrow groove, which ter-
minates at the ventral margin ; surface covered with exceedingly minute gra-
nulae.

Length, I of a line ; width, \ ; thickness, 2-5th.

A close examination of the slabs of fresh water limestone from the vicinity of
Peno Creek, has resulted in the discovery of this pretty little crustacean. The
substance of the fossil is nearly transparent chalcedony, and the valves in both
specimens remain attached in their normal position.

Named in honor of Prof. Joseph Leidy, whose valuable researches have con-
tributed so largely to our knowledge of the fossil fauna of Nebraska.

The Committee on Dr. Hallowell's paper, entitled, "Contributions
to South American Herpetology/' reported in favor of publication in
the Journal.

ELECTION.

Mr. Joseph Harrison and Garrick Mallery, Esq., of Philadelphia,
were elected Members, ; and Dr. Win. E. Dearing, of Augusta, Georgia,
was elected a Correspondent.

%

1854.] 167

September Oth, 1854.
Dr. Kuschenberger in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. Sandwith Drinker, dated Canton, June
17, 1854, giving notice of his having transmitted several objects
of Natural History for the Museum of the Academy.

A communication was read, entitled ll Description of some new Fossils
from the cretaceous rocks of the Southern States, by M. Tuomey j"
which, being intended for publication in the Proceedings, was referred
to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Conrad and Dr. LeConte.

Dr. Leidy read a paper intended for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Description of a fossil apparently indicating an extinct species
of the Camel tribe." Referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. J. A. Meigs and
Mr. Phillips.

September \2th.
Vice President Lea in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Rev. Dr. J. L. Wilson, dated New York,
Sept. 11, 1854, expressing his readiness to procure for the Academy a
specimen, in skin, of Troglodytes gorilla, from Africa.

Also a letter from the Lyceum of Natural History of New York,
dated September 14, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceed-
ings, Yol. 7, Nos. 2 and 3, and Journal, Yol. 2, part 4.

September 26th.

Mr. Okd, President, in the Chair.

The Committees on papers by Mr. Tuomey and Dr. Leidy, read 4th
inst., reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of some new Fossils, from the Cretaceous Rods of the Southern

States.

By M. Tuomey.

The following brief characters are given in advance of more full descriptions,
with figures, that may follow hereafter.

CEPHALOPODA.

1. Nautilus.

1. Nautilus Spillmani. Shell depressed vertically, umbilicated \ last cham-
ber lar^e, inflated, spreading, emarginated, flattened beneath.

The depressed and inflated form of this fossil sufficiently distinguishes it from,
every other species of the genus in our cretaceous rocks.

Inscribed to Dr. Spillman, of Columbus, Miss.

Locality, Mississippi. Dr. Spillman.

2. N. orbiculatus. Shell somewhat discoid, thick in the centre and gradually
thinner towards the circumference ; last chamber very 'arge, spreading at the

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. VII. WO. V. 15

168 [September,

umbilicus; siphunculus nearly central ; septa profoundly undulating, showing
on the back a sharp recurved lip.

This is the largest of the genus found in our rocks, being ten inches in dia-
meter. It resembles quite closely N. D aniens, especially in the undulations
of the septa.

Locality, Alabama.

3. N. angulatus. Shell with the septa regularly curved ; emarginated ; me-
dium space wide, flat, obtusely angular; siphunculus large, situated towards
the inner margin of the chamber; aperture very w r ide.

Readily distinguished from N. Dekayi, which it resembles, by the angles on
the back, and flat median space.

Locality, Mississippi.

2. Ammonites.

1. Ammonites magnificus. Shell compressed, broadly oval ; whorls rapidly
decreasing in size, crossed by coarse nodose ribs ; nodes at each extremity of
the ribs, the outer nodes compressed and arranged on each side of the convex
median space; septa not greatly ramified, dorsal lobe deeply bifurcated.

Bears some resemblance to A. Delawarensis, but is a very distinct species.

Diameter tw r o feet.

Locality, Pickens county, Alabama.

2. A. earinatus. Shell covered with prominent, closely arranged ribs; ribs
nodose, a little undulating ; nodes in five revolving lines ; nodes on each side of
the median line compressed; median line carinated ; whorls rapidly decreasing
in width ; aperture ovate.

From the preceding species this is distinguished by its more numerous and
closely arranged ribs and numerous nodes.

A cast in calcareous sand, having a portion of the siphunculus beautifully
preserved.

Locality, Columbus, Mississippi. Dr. Spillman.

3. A. binodosus. Shell undulating with lines of growth; nodes in two re-
volving lines, equi-distant from the sides of the whorls, inner line more promi-
nent ; median space narrow, flat ; aperture elliptic.

This very distinct species has a considerable part of the shell remaining com-
pletely silicified.

The narrow, flat median space, the absence of ribs, and two distinct rows of
nodes, separate this from its congeners.

Locality, Vance's Ferry, Alabama.

4. A. lobata. Shell discoid, smooth, thin towards the circumference ; dorsal
lobe finely serrate ; lateral lobes terminating in large bilobed cells.

This fossil, of which I have only a fragment, resembles A. placenta, but is
distinguished from it by the remarkable cells that terminate the lateral lobes.
Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

5. A. ramosissimits. Shell remotely ribbed, slightly nodose; median line com-
pressed ; septa profusely foliated, aperture oval.

The fragments of this fossil in our possession are at once recognised by the
very numerous subdivisions of the lateral lobes of the septa, which cover the
entire surface.

Locality, Sumter county, Alabama.

6. A- angustus. Shell with the whorls compressed crossed by distinct some-
what nodose ribs, each terminating in a robust knob, outside of which is a series
of compressed tubercles; mpdian space narrow and carinated.

Locality, Columbus, Mississippi. Dr. Spillman.

3. TlTRRFLlTES.

1. T. alternatns. Shell turreted, spire dextral ; whorls angulated, lower side
ornamented by two tuberculated carinas, transversely plaited ; plaits double the
number of tubercles, alternately terminating in a tubercle.

1854.] 169

Two fragments of this fossil have been found. Portions of the nacreous part
of the shell remain, and show distinctly the deeply foliated margins of the septa.

This is the first notice of the occurrence of the genus Turrulites in the creta-
ceous rocks of the United States.

Locality , Noxubie county, Mississippi. L. C. Richardson, Esq.

GASTEROPODA.

1. TURRITELLA.

1. T. fasti giata. Shell regularly tapering; whorls somewhat flat, slightly
indented by a revolving line; suture impressed; body whorl angular below ;
aperture round.

Locality. Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

2. Phorus.

1. P. umbilicatus. Shell depressed ; whorls four, uneven, concave below;
suture profound (in the cast); umbilicus deep, surrounded by a channel.
Distinguished from Phorus (Trochus) leprosus by the channelled umbilicus.
Diameter, 1.75 in.
Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

3. Voluta.

1. V. cancellata. Shell fusiform ; whorls cancellated by close vertical ribs,
and oblique revolving lines ; ribs obsolete towards the base.

Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

2. V.jugosa. Shell fusiform ; body whorl large ; w r horls few; suture slightly
carinated ; suture shell ridged or ribbed vertically.

Distinguished by the coarse ribs from the other cretaceous species.
Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

3. V. Spillmanii. Shell fusiform ; body whorl large ; whorls four, obso-
letely ribbed ; suture carinated ; base with numerous revolving lines.

Locality, Columbus, Mississippi. Dr. Spillman.

4. V. fusiformis. Shell fusiform; body whorl undulating, smooth ; suture
not impressed ; lip turned up (in the cast) at the upper edge of the aperture.

A well marked fossil ; the casts are remarkable for the undulations on the
last whorl.

4. Fusus.

1. F. eufauliensis. Shell ovate: spire about half the length of the shell;
whorls five, somewhat carinated on the shoulder ; marked by vertical slightly
curved ribs, terminating at the carina in obsolete nodes ; suture impressed;
body whorl and aperture large ; canal abruptly bent.

Locality, Eufaula, Alabama. Mr. Thornton.

2. F. tnrriculus. Shell fusiform, gently tapering ; whorls convex, crossed
by vertical ribs; body whorl small ; aperture ovate, small ; canal abrupt.

Distinguished by the small size of the body whorl.
Locality, Columbus. Dr. Spillman.

5. PYRUr.A.

1. P. trochiformis. Shell top-shaped ; body whorl large, inflated, covered
with revolving raised lines; spire depressed, not flat; angle of the body whorl
rounded; canal produced ; aperture nearly circular.

Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

2. P. Rich'jrdsonii. Shell top-shaped; spire depressed, almost flat; body
whorl angular, terminating suddenly in a canal.

Inscribed to L. C. Richardson, Esq., as a mark of respect for his zeal in in-
vestigating the geology of Noxubie county.

Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

170 [September,

6. Cerithium.

1. C. nodosus. Shell turrited ; whorls six, convex, crossed by distant, strong
ribs, swelled into nodes on the middle of the whorls j^ body whorl with re-
volving impressed lines below.

Locality, Alabama.

LAMELLIBRANCHIA.

1. Teredo.

1. T. calamus. Shell thin, cylindrical, transversely wrinkled, large.

Diameter, 0.5 in.

Locality, Columbus, Mississippi. Dr. Spillman.

2. Panop^sa.

1. P. cretacea. Shell oblong ; buccal side shorter, slightly cuneate, rounded;
anal side undulating, gaping.
Length, 1.5 in.
The only species known in our cretaceous rocks.

3. Pholadomya.

1. P. tenua. Shell thin, oblong, somewhat inflated, radically ribbed ; ribs
obsolete on the anal side ; umbones prominent.

Length, 1 inch.

4. Corbula.

1. C caudata. Shell oblong ; somewhat equivalve, inflated, concentrically
striate ; buccal side broadly rounded ; anal side abruptly contracted and pro-
duced ; umbones incurved, not opposite.

Locality, Noxubie. Mr. Richardson.

5. Cardittm.

1. C. hemicy elicits. Shell thin, very inequilateral, radically ribbed ; ribs
numerous, umbones somewhat depressed.

Distinguished from our other species by the inequilateral valves.
Locality, Alabama.

6. Arca.

1. A. (Cueullcsa) ungula. Shell cordate, inflated, short, thickness greater
than the length or height ; ligament area very wide ; umbones incurved, distant.
Locality, Alabama.

7. Inoceramus.

1. I. biformis. Shell thin, compressed, umbonial portion with regular concen-
tric folds or undulations, and fine striae; paleal region smooth, without undula-
tions, covered with very regular, closely arranged, impressed concentric lines.

This is the largest of our species, being one foot in diameter. Resembles I.
Nebrascejisis, Owen; but is distinguished from it by the greater fliguity of the
folds, and by the close, regular lines.

Locality, Cahawba, Alabama.

2. I. gibbus.

Syn. I. Barabini, Mort. var.

Shell very thin, somewhat inequivalve, semicircular, convex ; concentrically
plaited, plaits irregular; hinge line straight.

A fragment of this species is figured in the " Synopsis," as a variety of I.
Barabini, but 7. Barabini belongs to a division of the genus that has the
valves nearly equilateral.

1854.] 171

3. I. salebrosus. Shell semicircular, with oblique concentric ribs; ribs remote,
irregular, undulating, acute.

Distinguished from the other species by the coarse, sharp ribs.
Locality, Cahawba, Alabama.

4. 7. in flatus. Shell semicircular, somewhat equivalve, surface undulating; ribs
oblique, very irregular, almost obsolete; beaks distant, buccal side inflated;
anal side compressed, with a broad shallow channel in each valve.

Locality, Columbus, Mississippi. Dr. Spillman.

5. I. triangularis. Shell somewhat trigonal, nearly'equilateral ; with concen-
tric transverse undulations or ribs, buccal side somewhat carinated ; beaks
compressed, slightly recurved.

Locality, Columbus, Mississippi. Dr. Spillman.

6. I. proximus. Shell compressed, inequilateral ; ribs concentric, regularly
curved, approximating.

The closely arranged ribs characterises this species.
Locality, Columbus, Mississippi. Dr. Spillman.

Ostrea.

1. O. crenulata. Shell subfalcate, lower valve with closely plaited squamose
ridges ; upper valve convex, with smooth plates ; ligament area long, triangu-
lar; margin crenulated.

Resembles the young of O. sellteformis, and having often the habit of O.
equestris, being attached to branches of corals, etc., by the entire length of the
lower valve.

Length 1.5 in.

Locality, Eufaula, Alabama. Mr. Thornton.

RUDISTES.

Mr. Lyell was the first to point out the existence of this curious family, in
the cretaceous rocks of the United Slates.

The fragments then known were referred to the genus Hippurites. From that
time to the present I have endeavored, with the assistance of many friends, to
collect the fragments of Rudistes, scattered over the prairie region of Alabama
and Mississippi. The result has been the determination of two genera and
seven species, and, what is remarkable, not a single fragment that could be rer
ferred to the well marked genus Hippurites has as yet been found.

Without figures it is not easy to give characteristics of the species of a
family, the remains of which are so badly preserved. The following, however,
may serve for the present.

Radiolites, Lam.
Sphcerulutes, Delam.

1. R. Ormondii. Shell, lower valve comparatively thin, long, lamellae angular;
lip turned upwards at the outer circumference; ramifications of the mantle
slightly impressed on the lip; cells small; outer surface ornamented with verti-
cal ridges composed of the zigzag edges of the leaves composing the shell ;
inner surface smooth, with a thin plate extending a short distance into the aper-
ture.

Distinguished by the thinness of the shell and ornamented exterior. The
fluting and apparent joints of the outer surface suggest, at first sight, a frag-
ment of a fossil plant.

Inscribed to my friend, Dr. John Ormond, of Tuscaloosa, who discovered this
interesting species.

Locality, Marengo county, Alabama.

2. R. lamellosis. Shell, lower valve thick, conical, large ; lip nearly horizon-
tal, or slightly depressed towards the circumference, with radiating smooth
ridges, more numerous towards the outer circumference; outer edge slightly and

172 [September,

abruptly turned up ; exterior surface with vertical impressed lines correspond-
ing with the ridges on the lip ; cirri or ramifications of the mantle impressed,
dichotomously branching ; cells towards the circumference compressed length-
wise.

The numerous radiating ridges on the lip are characteristic of this species.

Locality , Lowndes county, Alabama.

3. R. Aimesii. Shell, lower valve large, conical, very thick ; lip slightly con-
vex, with narrow, radiating depressions towards the inner circumference, outer
edge slightly plaited, with obsolete concentric undulating lines ; outer surface
striate.

Inscribed to Dr. Aimes, of Montgomery, to whose kindness I owe this fine
fossil.

Locality , Alabama.

4. R. undulata. Shell, lower valve thick; lip bent slightly upwards, with dis-
tant, obtuse radiating ridges, or undulations, and obsolete radiating lines ; cirri
of the mantle well defined.

Locality, Marengo county, Alabama.

Ichthiosarcolites, Desmarest.
Caprinella, d'Orb.

1. /. quadrat) gularis. Shell quadrangular, curved, irregular ; septa somewhat
regular, abruptly bent downwards, and approximating in the channel on the
inner surface of the shell; aperture terminating obliquely and rather abruptly.

Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

2. I. loricatis. Shell, aperture somewhat oval, irregular, obtusely rounded at
the base, giving the cast an imbricated appearance.

Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

3. I. eornutis. Shell, aperture regularly curved, flattened on one side, septa
abruptly bent downwards, and towards the concave side.

Distinguished from the preceding by the more distant and regular septa, and
in the greater regularity of the curvature of the shell.

Locality, Noxubie county, Mississippi. Mr. Richardson.

I have thought proper to restore Desmarest's uncouth name, rather than
violate the rule of priority.

Description of a fossil apparently indicating an extinct species of the

Camel tribe.

By Joseph Leidv, M.D.

Mr. Henry Pratten, of New Harmony, Indiana, has sent for my inspection,
and as a donation to our Academy, an interesting fossil, which be discovered in
the gravel drift of Kansas territory.

The specimen consists of the left intermaxillary bone, containing the fang of
a tooth, and a small portion of the corresponding maxillary bone.

The fang of the tooth is the portion of a transformed incisor or functional
canine, like that in the Camel and Lama. The crown of the tooth was directed
more outwardly than in either of the latter; but it had the same form, being
laterally compressed, obtuse anteriorly and acute posteriorly. At the point of
emergence from its alveolus the crown measured 61 lines antero-posteriorly and
3j lines transversely. Its enamel is thin, and appears to have been smooth.
The fang is laterally compressed, conical, and measures an inch and a half in
length ; and it is strongly curved backward and downward, and is almost paral-
lel with the palatal margin, so that its extremity is only seven lines above the
latter.

The intermaxillary bone is relatively larger and more robust than in the
Camel or Lama, and it is broader and more convex above. Its nasal border is

"ty

1854.] 17o

more obtuse and very much less inclined, so as apparently to indicate a longer
snout in the extinct animal. The anterior or gingeval border is thick and rough
as in other ruminants.

The small portion of the maxillary bone presents the remains of an alveolus,
separated from the tooth of the intermaxillary by an interval, with a curved,
acute margin, an inch and three-quarters long. The great distance of this
alveolus from the tooth in advance, when compared with the condition of things
in the Camel and Lama, arises from the great degree of extension backward and
near the palate of the fang of the first functional canine.

The maxillo-intermaxillary suture, at the side of the fossil, descends, as usual,
parallel with the nasal border of the intermaxillary bone, and, after reaching
the palatal surface is directed in a curved line forward and inward, reaching as
far as the posterior third of the position of the first tooth.

From this description it is evident the fossil indicates a distinct species of the
camel tribe, and as it appears generically distant from the Camel and Lama, the
name of Camelops Kansanus would not be inappropriate for it.

ELECTION.

Dr. Isaac A. Pennypacker, and Emile Geylin, Esq., of Philadelphia,
and Eugene Borda, Esq., of Schuylkill Co., Pa., were elected Members;
and Dr. Hiram A. Prout, of St. Louis, and Mr. Henry Prat f en, of
New Harmony, Indiana, were elected Corrcsjjondents.

October 'Sd.

Vice President Lea in the Chair.

A paper was presented by Mr. James D. Dana, intended for publi-
cation in the Proceedings, entitled " Catalogue and descriptions of
Crustacea collected in California by John Le Conte, M.D.," which was
referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr. Bridges and Prof. Haldeman.

October 10 th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From the Trustees of the New York State Library, dated Albany,
October 7, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the last No. of the Pro-
ceedings.

From the California Academy of Natural Sciences, dated San Fran-
cisco, Sept. 2'2, 1854, transmitting the first No. of the Bulletin of that
Society, and requesting exchange.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication, entitled " Additions to
North American Ornithology, by A. L. Heermann, M.D." Referred to
Mr. Cassin, Col. MeCall and Dr. Wilson.

October 11th.

The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Lyceum of Natural History of New York,
dated October 10, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings
of the Academy, vol. 7, No. 4.

174 [October,

Also a note from Prof. Diinglison, dated Philadelphia, October 9,
1854, transmitting the donations to the library from Prof. Briicke, of
Vienna, announced this evening.

The following papers intended for publication in the Journal, were
presented, viz., " Descriptions of Fishes of South Carolina, by J. E.
Holbrook, M. D." Referred to Dr. Hallowell, Mr. Vaux, and Mr.

Cassin.

" Planta? Heermannianae Californicae j descriptions of New Plants
collected in South California, by Dr. A. L. Heermann, Naturalist at-
tached to the survey of the Pacific R. R. route, under Lieut. R. J.
Williamson, U. S. A. ; with remarks on other plants, heretofore
described, belonging to the same collection. By E. Duraud and Theo-
dore Hilgard, M. D." Referred to Maj. Le Conte, Dr. Bridges and Dr.
Zantzinger.

The following papers intended for publication in the Proceedings,
were presented :

" Observations on the Vespertilio leporinus, Linn., by John Le
Conte ;" and

11 Descriptions of four new species of Kinosternum, by John Le
Conte ;" both of which were referred to Dr. Bridges, Mr. Cassin and
Col. McCall.

" On Urnatella gracilis, and a new species of Plumatella, by Joseph
Leidy, M. D." Referred to Dr. Bridges, Dr. Zantzinger and Dr. Rand.

"Notices of new Reptiles from Texas, by Edward Hallowell, M.D."
Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr. Leidy, and Col. McCall.

October 24th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. S. Drincker, dated Canton, May 24th,
1854, transmitting donations to the Museum of the Academy.

A letter from Mr. Henry Pratten, dated New Harmony, Indiana,
Oct. 14, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a
Correspondent.

A letter from Prof. J. P. Kirtland, dated East Rockport, Ohio,
transmitting a collection of Reptiles from that State.

A letter from the Royal Academy of Sciences of Belgium, dated
Brussels, 12th October, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of late Nos.
of the Proceedings and Journal.

Mr. Joseph Jones, of Georgia, read a paper, intended for publication
in the Proceedings, entitled : " Abstract of experiments upon the phy-
sical influences exerted by living organic and inorganic membranes upon
chemical substances passing through them by endosinosis," which was
referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Carson and Dr. Bridges.

Major Le Conte stated that having visited, during the last spring, an island on
the coast of Georgia, known as Colonel's Island, he had been enabled to pro-
cure from the original locality authentic specimens of Magnolia pyramidata,
mentioned in Bartram Travels, p. 5. On comparison with other specimens, he
is convinced that it is merely a variety ot M. grandiflora ; which varies in the

1854.] 175

form of its leaves from a regular elliptic form to ovate-lanceolate. The di-
mensions of the leaves from Colonel's Island are ll inches long and 2J wide.
Those from other localities are,

Of the elliptic form, transverse diameter, 7 inches,
" conjugate, 4 inches.

" ovato-lanceolate 7i long, 3J- wide.
Regular gradations may be found between these various forms. The opinion
expressed by Elliot that M. pyramidata is a variety of M. auriculata is there-
fore erroneous. Major Le Conte also stated, that he had been personally in-
formed by Mr. Bart ram that his M. pyramidata had lanceolate leaves.

October 31 st.

Mr. Ord. President, in the Chair.

The Committees to which were referred papers by Mr. Dana, read
October 3d; by Dr. Heermann, read Oct. 10th; by Major Le Conte,
read Oct. 17th ; by Dr. Leidy, read Oct. 17th ; by Dr. Hallowell, read
Oct. 17th; severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Catalogue and descriptions of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John.

L. Le Conte.

By James D. Dana.

1. Anomoura.

Hippa talpoides, Say.

Clibanarius ^equalis, D., Rep. Crust. Exp. Exp., p. 464, pi. 29, f. 4.

This Californian Clibanarius is identical with the Madeira and Cape Verde
C. eBquabilis, a species which is probably identical with one at the island of
Tahiti, in the Pacific. See Rep. Crust, loc. cit.

2. Macroura.

Callianassa Californtensis, D. Pes grandis superficie laevis ; manu ad
basin latiore, digito mobili non breviore quam manus dimidium, subuncinato,
gparsim hirsuto ; carpo superficie laterali nudo, marginibus ciliato, paulo oblongo,
parc<i breviore quam manus, brachio crassiusculo, carpum longitudine fere
aequante, infra juxta basin lobum subovatum denticulatumque gerente, articulo
precedente infra denticulato. Manus parva angusta, carpo parce brevior.
Long. 2i".

3. Isopoda.

Idot^a Oregonensis, D., Rep. Crust. Exp. Exp. p. 704, pi. 46, f. 6.
This species is named I.hirtipes in the author's report, and in the plate re-
ferred to ; the name is changed to /. Oregon en sis in the explanation of the plates
accompanying the latter, on account of its having been previously used.

Idot^ea -media, D. I. Oregonensi affinis, paulo angustior. Corpus laeve, latere
paulo arcuatum. Abdomen sesqui longius quam latum, lateribus fere parallelis,
apice arcuato-truncato ad medium apiculato. Antennae externae tertia cor-
poris non longiores, flagello ferme 10-12-articulato, vix breviore quam basis,
fere nudo. Pedes fere nudi. Long. 10'".

The abdomen is three-jointed, with an additional suture either side of the last
segment, as in the I. Oregonensis.

Stenosoma (Idot;ea) gracillimum, D. Corpus angustissimum filiforme, seg-
ments thoracis plerumque subquadratis, capite quadrato. Abdomen lineare,
apice truncatum, 3-articulatum, segmento 3-tio utrinque sutura notato. Pedes

176 [October,

perbreves, subaequi. Antennae externae corporis dimidio paulo breviores, fla-
gello lO-J2-articulato, breviore quam basis, nudo. Long. 5i'".

Spijerillo affinis, D. Corpus superficie laeve et innotatum. Antenna? sub-
tilissime scabriculae, articulis duobus ultimis conjnnetis (6to 7moque) 5to parce
brevioribus. Seumentum abdominisultimum paulo transversum, medio constrie-
tum. Slyli caudales lati, latitudine basali non longiores, angulo interno-postiore
late excavato, lateribus antico posticoet externo fere rectis et inter sese rectan-
gulatis, angulo interno-anteriore truneato, externo-anteriore rotundato, ramo
posteriore minuto, parce exserto. Long. 4a"'.

Porcellio gemmulatus, D., Rep. Crust. Exp. Exp. p. 725, pi. 47, f. 7.

Styloniscus gracilis, D. Corpus gracile. Abdomen paulo oblongum, sub-
ovatum, thorace postico subito paululo angustius, segmentis 3tio 4to 5toque
lunatis. Styli caudalis basis brevis, vix duplo longior quam latus, extus ad
medium subito angustior. Antennae externae fere nudae, rlagello fermel4-articu-
lato, nudo, articulos basis duos precedentes longitudine fere aequante. Long.
5'".

As in other species of this genus, the outer antennae have not the double geni-
culation characterising the Oniscidas. The surface of the body is smooth; yet
there are a few exceedingly minute hairs especially along the posterior margin of
the segments of the abdomen. The branches of the caudal stylets in the speci-
men are mutilated.

Genus ALLONISCUS, D. Seyphacidis affinis, extremitate mobili maxilli-
pedis oblonga et lobata, lobis setulosis ; antennis externis, non 2-geniculatis.
Processus apicalis maxillipedis crasse elongatus. Styli caudales breves, articulo
basali ad marginem segmenti abdominis posticum adnato et fere transverso. An-
tennae externae 8-articula'tae. Oculi parvi.

This genus is between Scyphax and Styloniscus in most of its characters.
Eut the apical process of the maxillipeds is large, as in Oniscus. Moreover,
the bases of the caudal stylets form a border to the last abdominal segment, so
that the apices of the two are brought nearly together.

Alloniscus perconvexus, D. Corpus valde convexum, subtilissime subgra-
nulosum, fere laeve. Antennae externae subtiliter scabriculae, articulis tribus ul-
timis subaequis, articulo precedente non longioribus. Abdomen paulo transver-
sum. Ramus terminalis styli caudalis basi brevior. Pedes infra spinulosi.
Long. 6-2-'".

Both the back and the legs in the specimens are brownish black, fn some
smaller specimens four to five lines long ; the color is light brown, mottled with
yellowish, and the legs are pale yellowish ; the form is a little more slender,
and they may probably be a different species. The last three joints of the outer
antennae are not so nearly equal.

Lygia occidentalis, D., Rep. Crust. Exp. Exp., p. 742, pi. 49, f. 7.

^Ega micropthalma, D. Oculi subrotundi, parvuli. Corpus superficie nudum,
laeve. Antennae externae longiusculae, fiagello ferme 24-articulato ; interna? basi
externarum breviores. Pedes fere nudi ; antici breves, articulo 4to 5-6 denti-
bus spiniformibus brevissimis infra armato ; 8 postici breves, apice articulorum
spinulosi. Abdomen 4-articulatum, segmento postico triangulato apice rotun-
dato et pubescente, lateribus recliuculis. Styli caudales spina, tenui et longa
ramis parce breviore ad basin armati ; ramis abdomen vix superantibus, breviter
ciliatis, interne lato, apice oblique leviter arcuato, externo dimidio angustiore,
breviter lanceolate. Long. 6'".

The six epimerals either side are large, and excepting the two anterior, they
project behind, beyond the segment to which they belong. The eight hinder
legs are naked, excepting the spines at apex and one or two sets of minute
spines on the under side of some of the joints.

Genus iEGACYLLA, Dana. JEgce affinis. Thoracis seirmentum septimum
breve et pedibus carens. Oculi permagni. Antennae, sex pedes antici, stylique
caudales ac in JEga.

1854.] 177

In the only species examined, the abdomen is six-jointed. On either side
there are five epimerals distinct, that of the 7th segment being wanting.

tEgacylla Lecontii, D. Corpus laeve, nudum. Oculi fere conjuncti. Seg-
mentum abdominis ultimum paulo transversum ad basin latius, apice arcuato-
truncatum, nudum. Styli caudales abdomen vix superantes, elongate ciliati ;
rarao externo lanceolato, interno fere duplo latiore, subovato. Lon^. 6 2 l/// .

The second joint of the superior antennae has a process at its apex nearly
as long as the following joint, and these antennae are shorter than the base of
the inferior antennae ; the rlagellum is about 7-jointed. The fiagellum of the
inferior pair is about 10-jointed.

Spheroma oregonensis, P., Rep. Crust. Exp. Exp. p. 778, pi. 52, f. 4.

4. Ampin' poda,
Orchestia Pickeringii, D., Rep. Crust. Exp. Exp. p. 882, pi. 59, f. 9.

Orchestia Californiensis, D. Oculi majusculi. Antennae lmae perbreves ;
2dae crassae, dimidio corporis multo longiores, marginibus subtilissime setulosae;
flagello parce longiore quam articulum precedens, depresso, ferme 18 -articulato,
articulis non oblongis, partim transversis. Pes lmus articulo 4toangusto, infra
una spina, armato ; 5to angusto, breviore, processu parvo infra armato, apice
oblique truncato; ungui brevi, vix digitiformi. Manus 2da grandis, subovata,
infra palma subpxcavata, spinam versus apicem acutam gerente, digitosat longo.
Pedes sex postici spinulis brevibus multis ornati. Long. 1'" .

The 7th pair of legs is but little longer than the 6th, and much longer than
the 5th.

Allorchestes angustus, D. Epimerae perlatae, 4ta multo latiore quam
ionga, 5ta angusta subaeque bilobata. Pedes lmi debiles, manu paulo oblonga,
apice truncata, palma terminali bilobata, carpo subtriangulato. Manus se-
cunda, subovata, palma rectiuscula, inermi, narce pubescente ; carpus brevis,
processu tenui infra prolongatus. Pedes sequentes nudiusculi, marginibus articu-
lorum postici nudis, spinulis totis parvulis et reniotis. Long. AV".

Owing to the broad epimerals, the animal is narrow with high sides.

Additions to North American Ornithology, with description of new species of the
genera Actidurus, Podiceps and Podylymbus.

By A.L. Heermann, M.D.

Genus HYPOTRIORCHIS, Boie.

Hypotriorchis attrantius, Gmel. Orange breasted Falcon.
Falco " Syst. Nat. vol. i. part. i. p. 283.

Latham's Birds, vol. i. p. 289.

i( femoralis, Tem'm. PI. col. vol. i. pi. 121 and 343.

Male. Head, wings and back, light slate color; the primaries being of a
darker hue, and in their inner vanes barred with white, with which also the ter-
tiaries are tipped. A white line starting from above the eye extends down the
occiput, becoming rufous as it forms a collar on the hind neck. A deep slate
colored moustache descends from the angle of the mouth, one half inch on the
throat; auriculars of the same color. Chin, white. Breast, orange or yellow-
ish white, and in some specimens marked with elongated spots of black. Abdo-
men, thighs and under coverts of the tail, rufous. Sides and flanks, dusky black;
each feather being banded with delicate transverse white lines, and often uniting
so as to form a band in front, at the junction of the breast and abdomen. In
some specimens this band does not appear, as the dusky black feathers do not in
all cases extend across the abdomen. Tail, light gray slate color, is composed
of twelve faathers crossed by nine white bars; the ends of all these feathers
being tipped with white, except the two centre ones. Legs, yellow. Bill, yel-
low, tipped with bluish black. Length, 14 inches.

178 [October,

Female resembles the male, but its colors are less brilliant and marked.

The young bird has the back and tail of a dusky brown, each feather being
fringed with a narrow border of lighter shade. Primaries and tertiaries, edged
with white. Breast, yellowish white, covered with a broad band of dusky black
extending down to the thighs ; these feathers being often edged with light clay-
ish color. Moustache and auriculars, dusky brown.

I saw this bird twice on the vast plains of New Mexico, near the United
States line, before procuring it, flying over the prairies in search of small birds
and mice, and at times hovering, as is the wont of our common sparrow hawk,
{Tin. sparverius.) We possess little information relative to its habits from those
authors who have written on this bird. It appears to be a resident of Surinam,
Cayenne, Brazil, Chili and other portions of South America, and is used in Chili
for hunting the partridge. Besides this species, the American Ibis {Ibis Mexi-
eannSf) also from South America, comes yearly to incubate in California; and
further researches will doubtless still add to our fauna from that country and
Mexico.

Genus PHALACROCORAX, Briss.

Phat.acrocorax penicillatus. Brandt. Brandt's Cormorant.

The specimens in my collection, captured on the Ferrea Leones Islands, are,
I take it, the same as that described by Brandt under the above title. Not
having the work in which he describes the P. penicillatus, I have resorted, for
the purpose of comparison, to a specimen so labelled, and purporting to come
from North America, in the Museum of the Academy of Nat. Sciences of Phila-
delphia. They tally exactly in their color and markings, though they differ in
size. The tail is greyish black, composed of twelve feathers. Feet, black. Bill,
dusky, but of a lighter color towards base of lower mandible. Gular sac, blue,
and at its base, a gorgelet of dirty white. Plumage of back of head, sides of
neck and to the middle of the back, interspersed with white linear feathers,
varying from two lines to two inches in length. Head, neck and abdomen, black,
with glossy reflections of green and blue. Back, black, with glossy green re-
flections, each feather being margined with a narrow fringe of bluish black.

Dimensions of the Academy's specimen. Length, 24 inches. From flexure to
tip of wing, 10 inches. From point of bill to angle of mouth, 3j inches. Length
of outer toe, 3 3-8ths inches ; of second toe, 3 inches ; of inner toe, 1 j in.

Dimensions of my specimen. Length, 28 inches. From flexure to tip of wing,
Hi inches. From point of bill to an^le of mouth, 4 in. Length of outer toe,
3| in. ; second toe, 3| in. ; inner toe, \\ in.^

The bill in my specimen is stouter, the gular sac extends further down the
throat, and the bare space around the eye is larger. Both specimens are in full
spring plumage.

Late in June, these birds were quite numerous at the west end of the island,
and did not appear to associate with the other species; but flocking together on
the most elevated rocks, passed the after part of the day in a state of repose, the
morning having been employed in pursuit of fish, upon which they prey. This
bird was not incubating at that period, as was the P. Townsendii and P. splen-
dens.

Genus ACTIDURUS, Bonap.

Actidurtjs n^vius, nobis. Mottled Grass Plover.

Form. Bill, slender, as long as the head ; culmen, straight ; sides, compressed
towards the tip, which is slightly curved ; nostrils, linear. Wings, pointed,
reaching to the end of the tail, the first primary being the longest. Tail, long,
broad and rounded, the central feathers longest. Tarsae and toes long. Claws,
short and acute.

The feathers of the upper parts, black in their centre, with broad margins of
light yellowish brown. Primaries, brown, the ends being black, narrowly tipped
with white. Under surface, white, becoming mottled with black 2J inches from
their termini, which there change to a grayish hue. Under wing coverts, black,
spotted with a very faint yellowish ochre and tipped with white. Under parts,

1854.] 179

pale yellow ochre, the feathers bordered with faint white; those of the breast,
near the pinion of the wing, having in their centre a linear spot of black. The
lower part of abdomen and vent are of a much paler hue than the breast. Tail,
brown on its upper surface, the two middle feathers having a bronzed tinge, the
others being tipped with yellowish white, followed by a black band; under sur-
face, grayish, the inner vanes being mottled with minute brown spots. Bill,
black. Feet, light yellow. Length 7a inches.

While riding on the prairie near San Antonio, my attention was called to this
bird from its lesser size than Bartram's Tatler, (Actidurus Bartramius,) which
there abounds. It ran nimbly on the ground among the grass in search of in-
sects, uttering, when disturbed, a weak tweet, two or three times repeated.
The birds of this genus, unlike the Tringae, (which congregate in large flocks,
showing a preference for the sea shore.) migrate in small parties, resorting to
the fresh water ponds and streams of the interior, or seek their food on the broad
grassy plains, and run with great celerity. If alarmed, they fly with rapidity,
making wide, circuitous sweeps before alighting. When wounded, they take to
the water, swimming with facility and often diving to escape danger. The nest,
formed of grasses and containing four eggs, is placed on the ground which has
been previously hollowed out. When disturbed during the breeding season, the
female, flying a short distance from her nest, throws herself on the ground, flut-
tering along as if wounded, and thus decoys the intruder into following her away.
Once at a safe distance, she takes to wing, returning to her home by a circuitous
route.

Genus PODICEPS, Lath.
Podiceps Californicus, nobis . California Grebe.

Form. Size, small. Bill, slender, slightly curved upwards. Wings, short :
first quill of primaries, slightly longest; secondaries, short ; tertiaries, longer,
nearly equal to the primaries. Tarsae, flattened ; feet, large.

Color. The entire upper parts of a deep, sooty brown, darkest and nearly
black on top of the head and the back. Neck, almost encircled with grayish
white, and in front with an indistinct band of grayish brown. Sides and flanks
tinged with brownish gray. Under parts, silky white and near the vent having
a sullied appearance. Under wing coverts, white. Some of the shorter pri-
maries, of a cinereous brown, faintly tipped w r ith white. Secondaries, white,
of which a few have their outer webs brown. Bill, dark, tipped with lighter
horn color. Feet, dark green. Length, 12 inches.

At first sight this bird appears very closely allied to the P. cbrnutus and P.
auritus, but on comparing them, marked differences are at once perceived, both
in size and form. I observed this grebe on the inland fresh water ponds, as well
as on the sea shore, where it was abundant, passing its time on the water, in
pursuit of insects and small fish, with which, on dissection, I found its stomach
filled. Having procured it only during the winter, I am unable to describe its
spring livery, and between the two seasons there is much difference of plumage
in this genus.

Genus PODYLYMBUS, Lesson.
Podylymbus lineatus, vohis. Lineated Diver.

Form. Size, small. Bill, short and strong; nostrils, conspicuous. Wings,
short ; the 2d primary the longest ; secondaries, short ; tertiaries, longer than
secondaries. Feet, large.

Color. Entire upper parts, dark reddish brown. A white line from base of up
per mandible, under the eye, and running down the neck, succeeded by another
under it of reddish brown. Spots at the base of under mandible, reddish brown.
Throat, white, marked with a few obscure spots of reddish brown. Lower
neck, in front and upper part of breast, pale reddish brown, with which the
sides and flanks are also tinged. Other under parts, silky white, the lower
portion of abdomen and vent, mouse color. Quills, dark cinereous; secondaries,
tipped with white. Bill, horn color. Feet black. Length, 11 inches.

180 [October,

This bird I procured during the summer, but it is found on the fresh
water courses and marshy lakes of California throughout the year. The nest, com-
posed of a few loose straws 01 rushes, is placed on the ground, near the edge of
the marsh, and contains four eggs of a dirty white color.

Description of four new species of Kivostemum.
By John Le Conte.

The genus Kinosternum, as defined by the latest writers on Herpetology, is
described as follows : Head subquadrangular, pyramidal ; cranium with only one
rhomboidal plate; jaws a little hooked, papillae under the chin. Sternum oval,
moveable, both anteriorly and posteriorly on a fixed piece, furnished with eleven
plates, wings short, narrow, subhorizontal, the axillary plate very large, the in-
guiual still larger. Vertebral scuta slightly imbricate. Tail long, in the males
unguiculate.

A comparison is made of this genus with Staurotypus, to which it in reality
has some affinity, but not so much as M. Dumeril supposes. It, indeed, does not
fall into the same group when the Testudinata are properly arranged, but the
Staurotypus, as will be shewn hereafter, is extremely different and has a mani-
fest relation with the Emysaurtts. M. Dumeril slates that the elastic ligaments
which retain the two moveable portions to the fixed intermediate part 'of the
sternum, are situated, one under the suture of the pectoral and abdominal scuta,
and the other under these la,st and the pectorals. Now it must be observed that
the moveable portions of the sternum are not in every species joined by a liga-
ment to the middle or abdominal piece; in many it is only the anterior one which
is, and which of course turns as upon a hinge ; the posterior portion is joined by
a suture, which is only moveable in the same degree as any other portion of the
bony frame of other animals which is articulated in a similar manner, its movea-
bility depending in a great degree on the length of the teeth of the joining surface,
in others the anterior portion is joined partly by ligament and partly by suture,
the posterior one by suture only, and therefore not so moveable as in other in-
stances.

In young subjects this capacity for motion in the so-called valves of the
sternum is more apparent, but as they advance in age it gradually diminishes,
until in some the three pieces become, as it were, soldered together. In those
species where there are really two valves with ligamentous junctions, the box
of the shell can be entirely closed, and this connects them in some degree with
Cistudo, but this has the sternum joined to the shell by a membrane, whereas
in Kinosternum the same thing is effected by bony commissures from prolonga-
tions of the abdominal portion.

The peculiarities of the sternum will allow the species of this genus to be ar-
ranged in three groups. 1st. Those in which it is truly bivalved, and closing
entirely the aperture of the cell. 2d. Those in which although the sternum is
wide, it by no means closes up the carapace, and is only furnished with an an-
terior valve joined to the abdominal portion, partly by ligament and partly by
suture, yet fully moveable as if the ligament was extended along the whole of
the hinder margin, the posterior valve united by a suture which admits of more
or less motion. 3d. The sternum with two joints, both of them completely
sutural. In these the different parts are frequently as immoveable as in an Emys.

The following description of the genus Kinosternum is offered w r ith the hope
that it contains all the distinguishing characteristics possessed by the animals,
and that it will be sufficient to separate them from all others of the Testudinata.

Kinosternum. Chin with from two to six papillae or warts. Vertebral scuta
more or less imbricate ; marginals twenty-three, sternal eleven in number.
Sternum composed of three separate pieces, of which the abdominal or interme-
diate one is immoveable, the anterior one turning on a partially or entirely liga-
mentous hinge, and the posterior articulated to the same piece either by a liga-
ment or by a suture, and consequently either freely and entirely moveable, or
only more or less imperfectly so. The wings which connect the sternum to the

1854] 1S1

shell are sometimes long and narrow, sometimes short and broad, but always
proceeding only from the abdominal piece. The shorter the wings the more
nearly can the shell be closed up by the sternum. The inguinal plate is long
and generally tolerably wide ; the axillary much smaller and narrowed anteriorly.
The feet are palmate, the fore feet with plicas or folds or transverse scales on
the outer side, the hind feet with as many on the inner side and a lew smaller
scales near the heel. The tail is sometimes furnished with papillae andsometimes
naked, often with a nail at the end and as often unarmed : this nail in no instance
being distinctive of sex.

The species embraced in the last group would by some be considered as be-
longing to the genus Staurotypus. and by others to Steinothaerus, to neither of
which does it bear but a very slight resemblance.

The sternum of Staurotyjjus is, as it were, cruciform and pointed before and
behind, the anterior portion consisting of but two plates, formed of the gular, the
brachial, and the pectoral united, and joined to the abdominal by a ligamentous
hinge, the two anal ones likewise being united into one so that the sternal scuta
are only seven in number. The whole contour of the animal reminds one of the
Emi/ia/cnts. As for the Sternothasrus it is exclusively an African genus, and is
remarkable for having no nuchal plate, and thirteen sternals, there being three
gnlars, those with the brachial and pectoral forming an anterior valve, which is
joined to the abdominal piece by a ligament, and of course is moveable, the rest
of the sternum is as fixed and immoveable as that of an Emys. The figure of an
animal of this genus in Dumeril's Herpetologie represents the wings as project-
ing from the pectoral and abdominal scuta, in which case the anterior portion of
the sternum would not be moveable.

I shall now proceed to describe all the species of Kinosternum which I have
been nble to examine, giving minute details of those which I consider new, and
shorter or diagnostic descriptions of such as have been described before.

Gro?rp 1st. Consisting of those with bivalved sterna, the valves joined to the
abdominal piece by ligamentous hinges.

Kinosternum longicaudatum. Testa indistincte 3-carinata, elliptica, convexa,
dorso depressiusculo, postice retusa. margine angusto, nullo rnodo dispanso,
sterno cistam omnino occludente, postice profunde sed anguste emaruinato, scuto
vertebrali primo ad nuchale, marginale primum, et secundi partem anteriorem
appositum, vertebralipostremo solum ad marginale postremum. Cauda unguicu-
lata, ungue lato et obtuso.

Habitat in America meridionali. Spix, Rept. Bras. p. 17, tab. xii.

The carinae on the back of the shell are rather indistinct, and without doubt,
in older individuals, are not perceptible at all. This species is considered by
Dumeril as the Testndo scorpioidea of Linnaeus, which determination we shall
presently see is erroneous.

K. scorpioi/les. Testa ovali modice convexa, dorso fortiter, lateribus naodice
carinata, margine declivi, scutis posterioribus vix latioribus. Sterno utrinque
rotundato, integerrimo. Cauda acute unguiculata.

Hah. in America meridionali Surinami : unde a Dom Dr. Hering receptum.

Head and neck grey, mottled and reticulate with black, upper jaw slightly
hooked. Shell oval, moderately convex, strongly carinate, on the vertebral
line, slightly so on each side, margin obliquely declivous except in the middle,
where it is perpendicular. First vertebral plate triangular, with the apex trun-
cate and the base angled; second, third and fourth hexagonal, with all the sides
nearly straight ; fifth triangular, with the outer posterior angle obliquely truncate,
and applied to the penultimate marginal, which is scarcely wider than that which
precedes it, in consequence of which the posterior lateral is nearly trapezoidal.
Margin acute all round, the plates oblong. Sternum elliptical, rounded at each
end, entire, not closing up the shell entirely; wings short, inguinal plate large,
scarcely narrowed anteriorly. Tail furnished with a sharp nail.

Length 5.7, height l.G, width 4 inches, sternum 4.8 long.

The above description appears to me to answer better to the Testudo scorpi-
oides than any other which I have seen. On account of the many varying
opinions concerning it, I have given a more detailed description than would

182

[October,

otherwise have been necessary. The species is thus described in Gmelin's
edition of the Systema Naturae, vol. 1, p. 1041. T. scorpioides. Palmis ungui-
bus, 5 plantis 4, fronte callosa triloba, cauda unguiculata. Hab. Surinami.

Testa nigra, ovali, oblon_;a, dorso quasi angulis 3 obsoletis, scutellis dorsi
figura clypeorum nobilium {heraldic shields). Caput anterius tectum callo, qui
posterius trilobus est, plantarum digitis externis muticis, ungues acuti, cauda
incurva.

The indistinctness of the dorsal carinas makes me conclude that by the expres-
sion " quasi angulis tribus obsoletis " is meant their rather imperfect develop-
ment. I may not be right in this, for the description is scarcely sufficient to
decide the question. Were it not for the great respect every naturalist ought to
" feel for the great master,

" Qui cunctos superat quod aut fuerunt
Aut sunt, aut aliis erunt in annis,"
it would be as well to strike out of our books this name, as well as many others
scattered through his works.

M. Dumeril considers the longicaudatum of Spix, as well as his brevieauda-
tum, synonymous with this species. The two above-mentioned species are very
different from each other, and have but a slight resemblance to the scorpioides.
An attentive perusal of the tedious and oratorical descriptions of the Brazilian
traveller shows this.

K. Mexicanit7n. Testa ovali valde convexa fusro-lutescente vel nigricante ;
dorso fortiter tricarinato, margine undique declivi, scutis vertebralibus secundo,
tertio, et quarto elongatis. Sterno utrinque rotundato, integerrimo. Cauda un-
guiculata.

Hab. Mexico; whence it was brought by Mr. Pease. Considered by Shaw
in his general zoology as a variety of K. Pennsylvavicum, vol. iii., p. 61, pi.
15.

Head and neck above black, beneath yellow reticulately spotted with black,
jaws yellow, the upper one hooked and entire. Chin with four small warts,
only visible in young individuals. Fore legs above dusky, spotted on the ante-
rior side with yellow, beneath brown inclining to dusky, with four plica? or
large transverse scales on the upper side. Hind legs of the same color, with
four large and broad scales and numerous small ones near the heel. Tail short,
dusky, naked, with a rather sharp and long nail. Shell brownish dusky varied
with yellowish or altogether yellowish, the plate with a few indistinct, concen-
tric striae, which in young ones are more numerous and more distinct, and ac-
companied by others radiating from behind, regularly oval, very convex and
elevated, strongly tricarinate, so as to form two deep and wide channels on the
back : very declivous on the sides and on the margin all round. Vertebral
plates elongated and imbricate, the first triangular, with the apex truncate, and
the base somewhat angled, applied to the nuchal and first marginal only ; the
second, third, and fourth urceolate-hexagonal; the second and third emarginate
behind; the fourth with the anterior lateral faces twice as long as the posterior
lateral, and the posterior side bearing the same relation to the anterior; the fifth
heptagonal, the two anterior faces very long, the posterior lateral short and per-
pendicular to the two basal, which are straight ; in young specimens this plate
is simply triangular, with the apex truncate. The first lateral plate is unequally
triangular, the lower side curved, second and third very long, pentagonal, the
fourth quadrangular with the posterior base widely emarginate, so as to give the
figure another side, which thus becomes pentagonal. Nuchal plate small, wider
at base ; all the other plates oblong and four-sided, except the penultimate, which
is twice the height of the others, with its upper face rounded, so as to emargi-
nate the posterior basal angle of the last lateral, and is applied on the upper
half of its posterior side to the last vertebral, giving that plate its pentagonal
form. Sternum large, yellow, the sutures black : oval, entire, rounded at both
ends, the plates in young ones concentrically and radiatingly striate, entirely
closing up the box : gular plate large, triangular ; pectorals irregularly foursided,
the anterior face longer than the lateral; brachials triangular; abdominals
nearly square ; femorals triangular with the apex truncate, and the base rounded;

1854.] . 183

caudals right angled triangular ; wings very short ; inguinal plate long and
narrow, not joining the axillary.

Length 4.4, breadth 3.0, height 2.3, sternum length 4.2, tail 1.4.

Shaw's figure and description referred to above are both very bad.

K. integrum. Testa fusca, regulari-ovali, convexa, carinata, declivi, margine
postice dispanso, laterali perpendiculari, sterno magno bivalvi, cistam omnino
occludente, antice rotundato, postice paulo emarginato. Cauda brevissima
mutica.

Habitat. Mexico.

Head and neck brown spotted with yellow ; front pale brown, a large orange
spot behind the eye, somewhat varied with black. Jaws yellow, upper one very
slightly hooked. Chin with four small warts. Legs above dusky, beneath pale
brown ; fore legs with two folds on the upper side ; hind legs beneath squamose
with four folds. Tail very short, unarmed. Shell brown, regularly oval, very
convex and elevated, without any carina, very declivous on the sides and behind,
the lateral margin perpendicular, the posterior expanded. Vertebral plates im-
bricate ; the first triangular with the apex truncate, applied to the nuchal the
first marginal and half the second ; second, third, and fourth urceolate ; the
second and third hexagonal; the fourth four-sided, the anterior side one-third the
length of the base, which is rounded; the fifth triangular, the apex broadly trun-
cate, the base angled, and applied only to the last marginal. First lateral une-
qually four-sided, the base rounded, with four facets, second and third pentagonal,
fourth four-sided, the posterior basal angle deeply and roundly emarginate by
the penultimate marginal. Nuchal plate small, linear, all the other marginals
oblong and four-sided, those on the sides perpendicular, the four last on each
side wider and expanded, the penultimate one being higher than all the rest, and
rounded on the upper side. Sternum yellow, varied with dark brown, with nu-
merous diverging striae on the hinder plates, and concentric ones on the anterior,
rounded at both ends and a little emarginate behind ; bivalved, entirely closing
the box. Gular plate small, triangular, nearly equilateral ; pectorals irregularly
four-sided, the anterior face very short ; brachials four-sided, the interior side
half the length of the exterior ; abdominals exactly quadrate, wings short, axil-
lary scutum long and narrow, joining by a point to the inguinal, which is likewise
very long but much wider ; femorals four-sided, the interior side one-third the
length of the exterior ; caudals right angled triangular, with the base rounded.

Length 4.6, breadth 3.0, height 1.7, tail 1.3, sternum length 3.0, breadth 2.0.

Brought by Mr. Pease from Mexieo.

K. leueostomum. Testa elliptica, convexa, postice subcarinata. Scutis ver-
tebralibus elongatis, primo ad nuchale, primum marginale et secundi partem
apposito, quinto ad marginale postremum solo apposito; margine medio subcom-
presso, postice dispanso. Sterno intes;ro medio paulo angustato, cistam paene
occludente. Cauda late et obtuse unguiculata, maxillis albidis superiore valde
hamata.

Habitat. . A fine specimen in the collection of the Academy, received

from the Jardin des Plantes of Paris. It is described under the name of leueosto-
mum by Dumeril, Cat. Reptil. Mus. I. des.

Group II. Anterior valve of the sternum joined to the abdominal portion
partly by a ligament and partly by a suture, the posterior by suture alone ; wings
tolerably long, with a deep and wide groove on the anterior part.

K. pe?insylvanic?im. Testa elliptica, convexa, dorso depressiuscula, postice
retusa ; margine angusto, minime dispanso. Scutis vertebralibus subimbricatis,
primoad nuchale et primum marginale apposito, quinto ad marginale postremum
solum apposito ; scuto marginali penultimo multo caeteris latiore et altiore.
Sterno testa angustiore, postice emarginato. Cauda acute unguiculata.

Hab. From Canada to Florida. Has a musky odor.

A young one of this species, about an inch long, had the shell perfectly round,
dark brown, with a yellow spot on each of the marginal scuta, scuta of the shell
a little roughened with transverse wrinkles and short elevated spots. Sternum
yellowish, black in the middle. Another one much younger and smaller was of
an oval form, with three very obscure and slightly developed carinae.

16

184 [October,

K. sonoriense. Testa modice convexa, postice latiore, antice et postice de-
clivi, margine antice et postice dispanso, medio declivi; dorso indistincte
tricarinato, carina intermedia vertebrali evidentiore, alarum canali leviter
exarata, prope rudimentali. Cauda unguicnlata.

Hah. In the northern part of the province of Sonora.

Skin black, head and neck large, above mottled and spotted with whitish, be-
neath whitish, varied in the same manner with dusky; jaws horn-color, varied
with black, the upper jaw hooked and emarginate ; irids dark brown ; chin with
two tolerably large warts on the fore part. Fore legs above greyish dusky, with
three plica? or large scales; feet beneath scaly ? hind legs with three large scales
near the heel ; hind part with two large patches of rounded echinate scales.
Tail sulcate beneath, with a large and strong, rather blunt nail, and six rows of
small upright pointed papillae, and a few smaller ones round the anus. Shell
cinereous brown, with some very faint radiating marks of darker, and some
indistinct concentric striae on the plates : it is elongated oval, a little widened
behind, moderately convex, declivous both before and behind, the anterior and
posterior margin expanded, the middle declivous ; very slightly tricarinate on the
back, the intermediate carina more apparent, particularly before and behind,
the lateral ones obsolete and scarcely to be traced except on the two last lateral
plates. Vertebral plates imbricate, the first triangular, with its apex truncate,
its base straight and applied only to the first marginal, second, third and fourth
urceolate hexagonal, the second longer than either of the two others, the fifth
heptagonal, the upper face short subtridentate, the anterior lateral one much
longer than the others, the posterior lateral short and perpendicular to the basal,
which are a little curved, first lateral unequally quadrilateral, the lower side
curved and with four facets, second and third transverse, pentagon?], fourth
quadrangular, the posterior lateral angle widely and deeply emarginate so as to
give to the figure another curved side, by which it becomes pentagonal : margin
narrow, expanded in front, declivous in the middle, the three last plates expanded
and the caudal one again declivous, nuchal plate oblong four-sided, the second a
little wider than the first, third and fourth, the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and
ninth are wider and somewhat angled on the upper face; all these are oblong, the
tenth or penultimate is wider than any, its upper face is rounded and deeply and
widely emarginates the posterior basal angle of the fourth lateral, and is applied
on the upper part of its posterior face to the last vertebral, giving to lhat plate
its pentagonal form. Sternum jointed before by a ligament and behind by a suture,
not entirely closing the box of the shell ; before bluntly rounded, behind emar-
ginate, the plates concentrically striate, gular plate large, equilaterally triangular,
the base rounded, pectorals oblong quadrangular, outer side a little wider than
the inner and curved, the two exterior angles right, the lower one projecting a
little beyond the brachials, the anterior interior angle very obtuse, the remain-
ing one very acute ; brachials triangular, the apex blunt ; abdominals quad-
rangular, the outer side a little curved ; femorals quadrangular, the inner side
much shorter than the outer, posterior side oblique, outer side curved, the ante-
rior straight, the posterior exterior angle projecting a little beyond the caudals
which are right-angled triangular with the base rounded.

Length 4.4, breadth 2.1, height 1.3 : sternum length, 3.7- tail 1.4.
This species, which has the shell much less elevated than any other which I
have seen, appears to be intermediate between this group and the next, so much
so, that I long hesitated where to place it. The points of resemblance, however,
whieh it had in common with the pennsylvanicum being more numerous than
those which belong to the orforatum, led me at last to arrange it with the former.
I may have been wrong in doing this, but if so, there is not much harm done.
The K. sonoriense was brought by my son along with many other interesting
animals from Tucson in Sonora; there can be but little doubt of its being found
likewise in California.

Group III. Sternum narrow, subcruciform, valves joined to the abdominal
portion of the chest by sutures, the lateral teeth of which are so large as to
admit of but little motion, especially in the posterior one; wings long and narrow
without any groove on the inner part, tail unarmed.

1854.] 185

K. odoratum. Testa elliptica valde convexa, dorso plus minus carinato (inter-
dum medio depresso piano) postice valde declivi, margine angusto minime dis-
panso', scutis vertebralibus imbricatis, primo ad nuchale et marginalis primi
dimidium apposito, scuto postremo quinquangulari ad marginale postremum
solum apposito, scutis mavginalibus duobus postremis caeteris valde latioribus.
Sterrio testa multo angustiore, lobo anteriore posteriore mobiliore, interdum
tamen amHobus fixis.

Hab. From New York to Florida. Smells of musk.

Test, pennsylvanica sterno immobili Schoepf. p. 110. T. odorata Daudin Hist,
rept. vol. ii. p. 189. Test, glulinata ejusd. 1. c. p. 194. Emys odorata Schweig.
vol. i. sp. 37, p. 437. Terrapene odorata Merr. Amph. p. 26. Test. Boscii
ejusdem 1. c. p. 23. Emys glutinata ejusd. 1. c p. 24. Cistudo odorata Say,
Journ. Acad. Sci. vol. iv. p. 206. Sterntohaerus odoratus Bell, Zool. J urn.
vol. ii. p. 299. Sternothaerus Boscii ejusd. 1. c. spec. 4. Kinosternum odoratum
Bonaparte, Obser. p. 18S. Staurotypus odoratus Dumeril, Erpet. vol. ii. p.
299.

It is remarkable how this species has been shifted from one genus to another,
until it may be found arranged under six different genera, and divided into four
species. It does vary considerably as regards the mobility of the sternum, and
the form of the dorsal pottion of the shell, which although generally carinate is
sometimes perfectly flat in the middle; specimens in all respects intermediate
may be found. The anterior valve of the sternum cannot be moved more than
so as to form an angle of 20 with the abdominal line, the posterior much
less.

K. guttatum. Testa ovali, dorso subcarinato; flavida fusco maculata, mar-
gine undique, postice valde declivi, minime dispanso. Sterno fiavescente, angusto,
antice truncato, postice late emarginato, femoribus et cruribus seriebus papillarum
latere interiore echinatis. Cauda mutica.

Hah. in Pennsylvania ; Prof. Baird.

Head and neck dusky brown, varied with yellow on the front and cheeks, jaws
yellow with a few shades of dark brown ; the upper one not hooked, the margin
scarcely sinuate, chin with four small warts. Legs dusky, furnished with the
usual plicas and scales, the femora and tibiae with a small area on the inner side of
each, echinate with rows of small pointed papillae. Tail with six rows of
pointed papillae, unarmed at the end. Shell yellowish, exactly elliptical, convex,
declivous on all sides, nearly perpendicular behind, subcarinate on the vertebral
line ; spotted with dark brown particularly on the upper part. Vertebral scuta
imbricate, the first triangular with the ap?x truncate and the base nearly straight,
applied to the nuchal and more than half of the first marginal, second, third and
fourth urceolate, hexagonal, the upper face emarginate, the lower rounded, the
fifth pentagonal, the upper face narrow and emarginate, the two basal faces
incurved and applied only to the last marginal. First lateral, large, unequally
four sided, the lower side curved, and three times as long as the upper, second and
third pentagonal, fourth quadrangular, the posterior lateral angle widely emar-
ginate by the curved upper side of the penultimate marginal, so as to uive the
figure another side; nuchal plate small linear, the othpr marginals oblong four-
sided, nearly equal, except the two last which are much higher, and nearly equal,
their uppor faces curved Sternum yellow, narrow, wings very much produced,
before truncate and entire, behind widely emarginate, valved as in the last.
Gular plate small, irregularly triangular, pectorals four angled, all the sides more
or less curved, the posterior lateral angle projecting a little beyond the next
scutum, brachials four sided, the upper side concave, the outer convex. Abdo-
minals four sided, wings lonj; and narrow, axillary and inguinal plates semi-
oval, the first produced anteriorly, the other posteriorly to a point ; femorals
triangular, the apex widely truncate, the posterior exterior angle projecting be-
yond the next scutum which is four sided; the upper side oblique inwardly, the
lower concave.

Length 3.8, breadth 2.7, height 1.-15. Sternum length 2.6, breadth at the valve
1.4, tail 1.5.

186 [October,

Besides these, there are four species described by others which I have never
seen, namely, K. hirtipes Wagler. descript. et icones. tab 630. K. brevicau da-
tum Spix. Rept. Braz. p. IS, tab. xiii. K. cruentatnm Cat. Mus. Jardin des
plantes, and K. Doubledayii Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus.

In the imperfect monograph of the Tortoises of the United States, published
in the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York for the year 1829,
I complained that no arrangement of these animals had yet been offered to the
world which I could consent to adopt. This defect has not yet been remedied,
nor since then have the various suggestions offered by different naturalists been
at all satisfactory. Every scheme for the arrangement into families and groups,
has evidently not been founded on natural and philosophical principles. Most
writers on Herpetology appear to have devoted their time, not to the dis-
covery of the affinities of the objects they were describing, but to changing the
names of the genera and the species, and to making sppcies out of the slightest
varieties; thus clogging the science with useless and absurd synonyms.

The simplicity of my arrangement, which divides the whole order into four
great families, and-these again, when necessary, into groups, will 1 hope recom-
mend it to notice. I owe this arrangement, in a great degree, to the suggestions
of my son.

FAMILIA PRIMA.

Pedes penniformes. Sternum osse episternali postice producto.

1. Chelone Brog. Corpore scutato. Sternum scutellis pluribus a testa seiunc-
tum. Caretta Merr. et Bon. Coriudo Flem. Thaiassochelys Fitz.

2. Sphargis Merr. Cute coriacea. Coriudo Flem. Dermatochelys, Blainv.
Scytina Wagl.

FAMILIA SECUNDA.

Pedes compressi, ungulati. Sternum scuto singulo (abdominal i) alato, alarum
marginibus non infiexis.

A.

Sternum osse episternali postice producto.

1. Chelvdra Schw. Corpore scutato. Sterno scutis 10; abdominalibus luxatis
alas formantibus. Chelonura Flem. Rapara Gray. Saurochelys Lat. Emysaurus
Dum.

2. Staurotypus Wagl. Corpore scutato. Sterno antice mobili, scutis septem,
brachialibus et gularibus nullis, anali unico.

3. Trionyx Geof. Cute coriacea. Ossibus marginalibus nullis. Gymnopus Dum.
Amyda Schw. Playtpeltis Fitz. Pelodiscus eiusdem.

4. Emyda Gray. Cute coricea ; ossibus marginalibus distinctis. Trionyx Wagl.
Cryptopus Dum.

B.

Sternum plus minus uni-vel-bivalve, osse episternali maximo, entosternaU
obsoleto (in pullis rudimentali) alis a scuto abdominali solum proiectis.

1. Kinosternum Wagl. Alis scutellis duobus addititiis, sterno scutis 11.
Staurotypus in parte Dum. Stemothcerus in parte Bell. Cistudo Say.

FAMILIA TERTIA.

Pedes ungulati plerumque compressi. Sternum scutis duobus alatis (pectorali
abdominalique ;) alarum marginibus, excepta Cistudine, fortiter infiexis; scutis
caudalibus duobus distinctis.

st. Sternum scutis 11 s. 12 tectum ; unguibus 5-5, 4-5, 4-4, vel 4-3.

1. Emys. Sterno solido sutura laterali ossea, scutis gularibus duobus. Alis
scutellis duobus addititiis. Unguibus 4-5 vel 4-4. Includitur genus Lessonianum
Tetronyx. Khinoclemys Fitz. Terrapene Bon. Clemmys Wagl. Geomys Gray.

2. Platysternum Gray. Sterno solido, sutura laterali ossea, scutellis tribus
addititiis a scutis marginalibus seiunctum.

1854.] 187

3. Teleopus* Lee. Terrestris. Sterno solido, sutura laterali ossea, alis
scutellis addititiis duobus ; scutellis bracbialibus luxatis et quasi inter marginem
pectoralis inferiorem el; abdominalis superiorerri propulsis, unguibus 5-5. Transi-
tum facit ad familiam quartam.

4. Lutremys Gray. Terrestris. Sterno diviso antice mobili, sutura laterali
ligamentosa, alarum marginibus inflexis. Clstudo Auct.

5. fCisruDo Fleming. Sterno diviso antice et postice mobili sutura laterali
ligamentosa, alis nullis unguibus 4-5 vel 4-3. Terrapene Merr., &c, Pyxidemys
Fitz., Onychotria Gray, Emys Schw.

0. Sternum scutis 13 tectum.

6. Chelys Dum. Labiis carneis. Matamata Merr.

7. Chelodina. Labiis sicut, in omnibus sequentibus, corneis. Alis scutellis
addititiis nullis, scuto gulari intermedio luxato et inter scuta brachialia et pec-
toralia, infraque eularia duo reliqua posito ; unguibus 4-4. Clielidonia Bon.
Hydromedusa Wagl., Emys Schw., Hydraspis Bell et Gray.

8. SterxNoth^rus Bell. Sterno diviso antice mobili. Alis scutellis additi-
tiis nullis, scuto nuchali nullo, marginalibus 24. Emys Schw., Terrapene Merr.,
Pelusios Wagl.

9. Pentonyx Dum. Sterno solido, alis scutello addititio posteriore : scuto
nuchali nullo, marginalibus 24 ; unguibus 5-5. Emys Schw., Pelomedusa Wagl.,
Hydrastis Gray.

10. Platemys. Alis scutello addititio parvo anteriore. Testa scuto nuchali,
marginalibus ideo 25. Rhinemys Wagl., Phrynops eiusdem, Emys Schw., Hy-
dras pis Gray.

11. Podocnemis Wagl. Alis sine scutello addititio. Testa scuto nuchali
magno lato. Peltueephalus Dum., Emys Spix, Hydraspis Gray.

* Teleopus luxatus. Shell very dark brown, almost black, somewhat flattened
along the vertebral line, declivous behind, a little expanded in front, nearly per-
pendicular on the sides. First vertebral plate six-sided, of the form of a heraldic
shield, with the point truncate, the posterior side recurved, 2d, 3d and 4th six-
sided, the lateral faces half the length of the anterior or posterior sides; 5th four-
sided, the anterior face recurved, the posterior incurved, very wide with four
facets. First lateral three-sided, the anterior side with four facets : the rest
four-sided, superior and inferior sides angled, the inferior side of the third with
three facets, the superior side of the fourth oblique backwards, the inferior
curved. Marginals, nuchal oblong rectangular, the rest nearly square, the 2d,
6th, 7th, 9th and llth superiorly angled. Caudals two. Sternum emarginate at
both ends, posteriorly more deeply and widely ; gulars triangular, blunt and some-
what rounded at the point ; pectorals irregularly four-sided, the posterior lateral
angle cut off and emarginate by the displaced brachial ; this last is of an oblong
shape, the superior face emarginate, the inferior straight, and the two lateral
rounded ; abdominals very wide, irregularly eight-sided, the posterior exterior
side short and emarginate ; supplementary scutellae small ; femorals four-sided,
the exterior lateral face oblique inwardly ; anals right angled triangular, the
hypothenuse curved. Upper jaw with three rows of serrate teeth, the lower
with two, the outer ones the finest. Toes and claws 5-5, fore claws long and
rather sharp ; hind feet clavate, claws nearly globular, the innermost one wide
and flat, the edge rather sharp. Length 17 in., width 11.5, height 6.5.

Inhabits Java; must, from its shape, be terrestrial in its habits.

It possesses a strange mixture of the characters of this family with those of
the next.

f Etiamsi in hujus generis animalibus adultis alia sterni iunctura cum testa non
apparet praeter ligamentosa sine alis, tamen pullorum sternum evidentur alis est
instructum, quae testa scutellis quatuor seiunguntur. Nares subtubulosee sunt,
aliis rebus ad Emydes respiciunt. Cistudo clausa omnino et praecipue terrestris.
Dubito revera num natare potest. Pulli in aqua iacti semper merguntur. Haec
natura terrestris cum cute squammosa apte ad Testudines iungit.

188 [October,

FAMILIA QUARTA.

Terrestres. Corpus scutatum. Sternum alatum, sutura laterali ossea, alarum
marginibus iortiter inflexis. Pedes clavati, ungulati ; scutum caudale nunquam
divisum, sed stria superiore perpendiculari fortiter impressa, qua in partes duas
secari videtur.

1. Testudo. Alis scutellis addititiis nullis, scuto gulari in partes quatuor
diviso, dorso osse penultimo vertebrali V-formi. ChersiueMerr., Chersus Wagl.,
Psammobates Fitz., Geochelone, Chelonoides et Cylindraspis eiusdem.

2. Pyxis Bell. Sterno articulato, antice mobili. Alis scutellis addititiis
duobus.

3. Homopi t s Dum. Sterno solido, alis scutello addititio anteriore ; unguibus
4-4. Cher sine Men*., Testudo Bell et aliorum.

4. Kinyxis Bell. Sterno solido, alis scutellis addititiis duobus. Testa postice
articulata et mobili, scuto nuchali nullo.

I add a list of American species of Testudinata, as far as they have yet been
described; many undoubtedly yet remain to be added to it, as few have been
received from Texas, California and Oregon. I have omitted the sea tortoises
because we know nothing about such as are found on our coasts. All the
synonyms which 1 have been able to collect are here set down. This will serve
to show the state in which the science of this branch of Herpetology is at present.
as tar as relates to our country.

I have in the following Catalogue considered the Testudo polyphemus as the
T. Carolina of Linnaeus and Gmelin, and the T. Carolina of authors as the T.
clausa of the latter. My reasons are these : The original description in the
12th edition of the Syst. Naturae, vol. i. p. 352, is as follows :

Testudo Carolina. Pedibus subdigitatis, testa gibba, cauda nulla. Test,
pedibus digitatis, calloso-squammosis ; testa ovali, subconvexa, scutellis planis,
striatis, medio punctatis. Gron. Zooph. 17, No. 77. T. tessellata minor caro-
liniana. Edw. Av. tab. 205, (undoubtedly the Clausa ;) Seba. Mus. 1 tab. 80 figs.
Test, major terrestris americana, (which is represented as 9 inches long.)

To this Gmelin adds : Caput subobtusum, squammis obtusis undique tectum.
Pedes squammis orbicularis obtecti, antice unguibus 5 postice 4 subulatis, acu-
minatis validis armati. Cauda brevissima. Scutum ovale, subconvexum antice
lunulato-excisum margines acuti nee serrati. Scutella lata ad margines striis
cincta, centro punctis excavata. Sternum acuminato-truncatum postice bifidum.
Erasing the words in italics, this is a tolerable description of the large American
land tortoise, and Gmelin certainly had it in view when he made his addition to
the original description. His expression, "Sternum antice truncatum postice
bifidum," together with the scaly head, prove this. The scuta of young animals
of this species are deeply marked with concentric striae, and have a nearly
square area in the centre of each, which is deeply and coarsely punctate. The
name of Polyphemus which has been given to it, means nothing; that of Carolina
is much more fitting; and as for the other species which has been called Caro-
lina, nothing can be more appropriate than Clausa.

It will be observed likewise that I have called the Cistudo Blandingii of Hol-
brook, Lutretnys meleagns. About the generic name there can be no dispute;
but as for the specific name, my reasons for referring it to a species already
described are these. The Testudo meleagris of Shaw, Naturalist's Miscpllany,
vol. iv. p. 144, has been considered as identical w r ith the Lutremys Europoea,
and is always quoted as a synonym of it. Shaw tells us that his animal came
from America; the other is, I believe, exclusively European. Both species are
remarkable for having the shell more or less covered with small yellow spots;
in the first these are irregularly scattered over the surface, in the latter they
regularly radiate from a centre on each scutum ; the shell is also less convex.

1854.] 189

CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN TESTUDINATA.

Chelonura serpentina. Emy saurus aliorum.

Ch. Tkmminckii Holbrook, vol. i. p. 134.

Trionyx ferox Auct. T, Bart rami, Geof. Ann. Mus. vol. xiv. p. 18. T.
georgicus ejusd. 1. c p. 7. T. spiniferus (spinifer,) Lesueur, Mem. Mus. vol.
xv. p. 20-5. Aspenodectes ferox Wagl. p. 134. Gymnopus spiniferus (spinifer,)
Dumeril, Erpetol. xi. p. 477.

T. muticus Lesueur. 1. c. p. 263.

Kinosternum pennsylvanicum. Terrapene penns. Merrem, Syst. p. 27.
Emyx id. Schw. vol. i. p. 437. Cistuda id. J. A. N. S. vol. iv. p. 204.

K. sonoriense Lee.

K. oboratuji. Terrapene odorata et Boscii Merrem, 1. c. p. 27. Cistudo
odorata Say, I. c. Emys odorata Schw. 1. c. p. 437. Test, glutinata Daudin,
vol. xi. p. 194. Stem other us odoratus Bell, Zool. Journ. vol. xi. p. 307.
Staurotypus odoratus Dumeril, 1. c p. 358.

K. GUTTATUM LeC.

Cistudo clausa. Cistudo Carolina alior. Test, virgulata Lat. Hist. Rep.
vol. i. p. 100. Emys clausa Schw. vol. i. p. 315. Emys virgulata ejusd. ib.
p. 316. E. Schneideri ejusd. ib. p. 317. Terrapene Carolina maculata et
nebulosa Bell, Zool. Journ. vol. xi. p. 309. Var. ? Onychotria mexicana Gray,
Proc. Zool. Soc. vol. 17, p. 16.

Ltjtremys meleagris Turton's Lin. Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 645; Nodder and
Shaw, Nat. Miscel. vol. iv. p. 144. Cistudo Blandiugii Holbr. vol. i. p. 39.

Emys Muhlenbergii Schcepff. p. 132. Cher sine Muhlenbergii Merrem.
E. biguttata Say, 1. c. p. 212.

E. serrata Daudin, 1. c. p. 145. E. scripta Gray, Rep. p. 29, who quotes
Schcepff, where is figured a young animal which it is impossible to refer to any
species.

E. rugosa Shaw, Zool. vol. iii. p. 28. E. ruhriventris Lee. Ann. Lye.
vol. iii. p. 101. E. irrigata Dum. 1. c. p. 276. E. serrata Say, I. c. p. 204.
Varies very much, but the essential character is in the dentation of the jaws.

E. reticulata Latr. vol. i. p. 124.

E. floriimna Lee. Ann. Lye. 1. c. p. 100.

E. mobiliensis Holbrook, 1. c. p. 71.

E. concinna Lee. 1. c. p. 106.

E. oregonensis Holbr. 1. c. p. 107.

E. hieroglyphica Holbr. 1. c. p. 111. E. orvata Gray, Rept. p. 50. E.
annul if era ejusd. ib. p. 52.

E. CUMBERLANDENSIS Holbr. 1. C. p. 115.

E. Troostii Holbr. I. c. p. 123.

E. iNscur.PTA Lee. Ann. Lye. vol. iii. p. . E. scabra Say, I. c. p. 210.
E. speciosa Gray, 1. c. p. 26.

E. geographica Lesueur. E. pseudogeographica ejusd. Holb. vol i. p.
E. P4LUSTRIS Linn. E. terrapene alior. E. centrata et concentrica quorund.
E. picta. T. cinerea Schcepf. tab. iii. f. 2 and 3, is a young one.
E. guttata. E. punctata Schoepf.
Testudo Carolina. T. polyphemus aliorum.

In the Catalogue of Amphibia in the collection of the British Museum, and in
that of the Jardin des Plantes, the following species of tortoises are mentioned
as coming from the United States. In the English Catalogue are described
Emys rivulata, E. scripta, E. Holbrookii, E. macrocephala, and E. Bennetii.
Not having these, and knowing that the descriptions must have been taken from
dried and faded specimens, or from such as were bleached by long immersion in

190 [October,

alcohol, 1 do not hesitate to pronounce them as having no real existence as
distinct species, or at most as being slight variations from others well known
and long ago determined.

The Kinosternum Doubledayii, however, forms an exception. Tt appears to he
certainly a new and hitherto undescribed animal, although what Mr. Gray says of
it is scarcely sufficient to distinguish it. M. Dumeril's E. labyrinthica seems
to be nothing more than E. hieroglyphica of Holbrook, slightly varying in the
disposition of the marks and lines on the shell ; his Kinosternum cruentatum
is probably not from this country; it is a well marked and distinct species.

The following species, retained in most of our books, ought to be struck out.
In Schcepff, Testudo tricarinata, a young animal of some Kinosternum; T.
cinerea, a young picta; T. scripta, a young serrata or reticulata; T. rostiata, a
young Trionyx. And from Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., T. membranacea, which is
likewise a young Trionyx ; T. scabra, the description has been made from an
immature specimen, which, if full grown, might have been smooth ; T. carinata ;
T. sulcata; and, finally, T. squamosa, which is not a Chelonian.

Observations on the Vespertilio leporinus of Linnaeus.
By John Le Conte.

Our associate Dr. Woodhouse, some time ago gave me for examination a
species of Bat found by him in the province of Honduras, which is undoubtedly
the Noctilio dorsatus of Geoffroy de St. Hilaire, the Vespertilio leporinus of
Linnaeus, i. p. 47, although the description of " the illustrious Swede " is rather
short and imperfect. Schreber vol. i. p. 163 tab. 60 describes and figures it as
a Noctilio retaining the Linnean specific name. Wagner, in his supplement to
the work of this last author vol. 1 p. 451, calls it N. dorsatus and considers it
the same as the albiventris of Spix. Sim. et Ves. Brazil tab. xxxv. fig. 2 and
3, and the N. affinis of D'Orbigny Voy. vol. iv. p. 42 p. 12. The N. unicolor
of Wagner is probably the same. Indeed the author observes, that it only differs
in color from the other species which he describes ; which is a matter of very
little consequence in any of the Vespertilionidse. Every species of this family
is so variable in this respect as to forbid its being taken as a criterion of differ-
ence. There will therefore be but one species of this genus, and for the name of
this we must revert to Linnaeus and resume the old name of leporinus, although
this appellation was founded in error, the upper lip not being cleft, but in recent
specimens covering the incisors. In dried animals it shrinks and becomes drawn
up in such a manner as to leave the upper fore teeth exposed, and to represent a
very bad case of hare lip.

The animal from which the following description was taken, was in its most
perfect state of development ; at that period of its life when it would be called
neither young nor old. It certainly had but tw r o upper incisors nor was there
any appearance of there ever having been any others ; in their shape they re-
semble canines, and like them are furnished with an interior lobed calcaneum.
The lower incisors are deeply emarginate and may in some instances be taken
for four distinct teeth.

The upper fore teeth of Cheiropters offer a very interesting subject for inves-
tigation, whether what are so-called are in reality incisors, or not more properly
canines. It is now generally allowed that no teeth ought to be called incisors
unless they spring from the intermaxillary bone; now whether in those animals
where there is no nasal bone and the front of the upper jaw is excavated, and this
excavation reaching to the end of the os frontis, they can be said to have any
os intermaxillare, I have not been able to determine. In the frugivorous bats
which have regular incisors in the upper jaw, the cranium entirely wants this
frontal excavation, and is furnished with nasal bones in as much perfection as
any other mammal. The determination of this point must be left to others ; it
is sufficient that I have hinted at the circumstance. It appears to me that some
species of Taphizous may belong to this genus ; not however having specimens
to compare I cannot pronounce positively. The generic essence of our animal,

1854.] 191

exclusive of the teeth is the peculiar form of the alar membrane, which on the
sides extends only to the middle of the tibia, and in the tail being shorter than
the interfemoral membrane and in having its extremity free by passing through
it near the middle.

There are very good representations of this animal in Schreber and in D'Or-
bigny. The figure in Seba vol. i. pi. Iv. fig. 1, referred to by authors, has nothing
to do with it.

In order to remove any difficulty which may hereafter occur in the determina-
tion of this species I add a detailed description, observins that very little reliance
ought 1o be placed on the color.

Noctilio le-porimis. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 47, Noctilio dorsatus Geoffroy de
St. Hilaire and Wagner, N. albiventris Spix, N. affinis D'Orbigny, N. unicolor
Wagner.

Fur short and soft fulvous a little paler beneath, back with a very conspicuous
narrow stripe of a paler and yellowish color from the base of the head to the
root of the tail. The hair of the back occupies a triangular space the base of
which lies between the shoulders and the apex reaches to the tail, leaving the
sides naked. Beneath the whole body is covered with hair. Face black: nose
broad, flat, emarginate, sulcate on the top ; nostrils somewhat tubular and pro-
jecting; upper lip tumid confluent with the nostrils, hanging down and its de-
pendant sides so placed as to form a wide excavation below the part which
covers the incisors ; it is not however cleft nor resembling a hare lip (unless it be
shrunk and contracted upwards by the drying of the parts) lower lip very tumid,
three lobed the lateral lobes recurved and crenate on their edge. Chin with a
small semicircular appendage and four folds diverging from it. Cheeks with
four small warts, each furnished with two bristles. Ears rather long, oval, blunt
pointed, outer edge with four or five transverse plica? the lower part with an up-
right rounded lobe ; tragus small with a small branch on the inner side and four
blunt teeth on the outer. Membrane thin, black, naked, not reaching as in most
other bats to the carpus of the hind feet but ending about the middle of the tibia,
on the under side it is whitish for a considerable space near the body, around the
tail and along the hind legs: at the thumb, on the under side of the membrane on
each side of the innermost figure is a small pouch or cavity formed by a narrow
appendage or supplementary portion of the membrane which proceeds from the
joint and runs down the wing for a short distance. Interfemoral membrane in-
cluding the tail, broad rounded at the end with a small tooth on each side about
one quarter of the distance from the middle. Tail not half as long as the inter-
femoral and projecting from the middle of the membrane for about one fifth of
its length. Hind legs stout, feet very long toes with parallel claws very long
and very much hooked calcaneum bordering the membrane for the greater part
of its length.

Length of head and body 4 inches, head 1.2, extent 22.7, length of interfemoral
2 inches, tail 1.0, naked portion 2.0, foot 1.1, nail 35.

On TJrnatella gracilis and a new species of Plumatella.
By Joseph Leidy, M. D.

In the Proceedings for November 1851, (page 321), I published the description
of what I then suspected to be the coencecium of a new genus and species of
fresh water bryozoid polyps, to which I gave the name of JJmatella gracilis.
Since then I have examined this body and find my suspicion was correct ; and
TJrnatella proves to be the most beautiful of the fresh water polyzoa which has
yet been discovered. I have made drawings of the species, and propose hereafter
to give a full description of it; and at present will simply give its diagnosis.

TJrnatella, Leidy.

Cancecium consisting of a series of segments up to eighteen in number, and
forming free, semi-erect, curved stems, attached only by the base of the lowest
segment. Segments, excepting the three last ones, simple, urniform ; the ante-
penultimate and the penultimate oblong, with simple or compound branches of

192 [October,

the same form ; the last segment or active polyp is campanulate and is supplied
with cylindrical, ciliated arms arranged in a circle around the mouth.

Urnatella gracilis, Leidy.

Stems single, or in groups up to six in number, attached at the lower ex-
tremity by means of a sienna colored granular substance. Urniform segments
.225 m.m. long by .18 m.m. broad, becoming smaller towards the free end of
the stems ; body portion of each urniform segment translucent whitish, with
sienna colored transverse striae and punetae, and having on each side near the
bottom a rounded process, the remains of former branches ; the narrow top and
bottom portion of the segments brown in color and annulated. The antepenul-
timate and penultimate segments and their branches oblong, translucent. Polyp
.225 to .45 m.m. long, campanulate ; expanded mouth circular, the diameter
equal to the length of the body, surrounded by fourteen cylindrical, ciliated, re-
tractile arms. Stems up to 4 m.m. in length.

Habitation. On the underside of stones in the river Schuylkill below low
water, in Philadelphia city.

Plumatella vesicularis, Leidy.

Ccencecium radiating and branching, attached, colorless and transparent; each
segment slightly dilated and much broader than the protuberant orifices of exit.
Length of the segments about 1. m.m., breadth 1 m.m. Animal colorless. Ova
oval lenticular, (with an annulus but without spines.)

Habitation. Found in the Schuylkill river with the preceding, on the under
side of flat stones.

Remarks. This species of Plumatella is as limpid as the water in which it
lives ; and it resembles rows of colorless vesicles with a whitish line passing
through their axis. Frequently it is observed with rows of imbricated blackish
eggs instead of the latter line. Patches are found from a quarter of an inch to
two inches square.

Notices of new Reptiles from Texas.
By Edward Hallowell, M.D.

Family LACERTID^.

Genus Cnemidophorus, Dum. et Bib.

Ciiemidophorus guttatus, nob.

Char. Head olive color ; body greenish olive, with eight lines of the same
color; intermediate spaces upon sides brown; sides presenting numerous white
spots arranged in longitudinal rows ; under surface dark blue, marked with
white ; of anterior extremities deep blue ; of posterior extremities and of tail
white; scales of the body very small; subgular fold margined with a row of
large smooth scales ; several smaller rows anterior to them ; eight rows of
scales upon the abdomen ; 16 femoral pores on each side very distinct.

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch ; greatest breadth f in. ; length of head
and body to vent 3$ inches ; of tail 4f inches ; of anterior extremities 1 l-8th in.;
of posterior 21 in.

Habitat. Texas. ,

Gen. Obs. Readily distinguished from Ameiva sexlineata ; allied to Cnem.
gularis, but the latter is without spots.

Family CROTALID^.

Genus Crotaltjs, Linn-

Crotalus ornatus, nob.

Char. Three large plates in front of upper part of head on each side ; nasals
large ; posterior part of head covered with smooth scales ; rostral rather large ;
eighteen supralabials, the 6th, 7th and 8th the largest ; a small plate between
the rostral and first supralabial and anterior frontal ; 27 rows of scales ; ground

1854.] 193

color slate or grayish above, with transverse, brown, lozenge-like bands, their
external margins extending to the abdomen with intermediate yellow spots and
yellowish markings enclosed within the brown, sometimes two in number; the
brown lozenge-like spots become indistinct posteriorly and contain no yellowish
spots, giving to this part of the upper portion of the body a sombre appearance,
compared with the beautiful variegated robe of the rest; about 17 of these dis-
tinct brown lozenge-like spots maybe counted upon the back; tail entirely
black ; throat and chin white ; abdomen light straw color without spots, but
shaded with grayish. 194 abdom. scut. ; 3 bifid post-abdom. scut.; 19 subcaudal ;
7 rattles in the present specimen.

Dimensions. Breadth of head posteriorly li inches ; length of head la inches ;
of body 3 feet 5 inches ; of tail 2 inches ; of rattle 1 inch.

Habitat. Near Pecos River, N. W. Texas.

The reptiles above described were found by Dr. Heermann, Naturalist to the
expedition for the survey of a railroad route to the Pacific, under command of
Lieut. Parke, U. S. Top." Eng.

Descriptions of new Reptiles from Guinea.

By Edward Hallowell, M.D.

Family VIPERID^.

Genus Echis Merrem.

Char. Subcaudal plates in a single row; nostrils minute, in suture of two
small scales; the anterior frontal shields minute, smooth ; pupil round ; eyes sur-
rounded by small scales; supraciliary shields small, scale-like or single, elon-
gated and distinct ; scales elongate, keeled at the tip. (Gray.)

Echis squamigera, nob.

Sp. char. Rostral plate much more extended in the transverse direction than
vertically; eleven distinct plates along the margin of the upper jaw, of which
the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th are the largest ; the inferior margin of the eye opposite
to the 4th, 5th and 6th ; eye surrounded with scales, of which the two anterior
are the largest, and of nearly equal size ; anterior geneials much narrower than
the posterior ; neck contracted ; body slender, compressed, thicker in the mid-
dle, with 18 rows of lanceolate and strongly carinated scales; the lateral and in-
ferior rows do not differ in size from the rest, and are also carinated ; tail short
and tapering with strongly carinated quadrangular scales.

Coloration. Olive green above, darker upon the tail, the scales for the most
part tipped with yellow; posterior half of body with numerous transverse yel-
low fasciae, about half an inch apart.

Abdom. scuta 155 ; 1 prae-abdom. single^; 1 post-abdom. bifid ; 58 single plates
under the tail.

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch; breadth \ inch; length of body 17$
inches ; of tail 4 inches; circumference at middle 1| inches.

Habitat Near the river Gaboon, Guinea. One specimen, presented by M. P.
Bellonni Duchaillu.

Gen. obs. This is evidently not the Echis pavo, or Echis varia of Reuss, Mus.
Senkenberg., band 1, p. 157, 160. It has a certain resemblance to the figure of
the Vipera pyramidarum, Descript. de PEgypte, t.7, fig. 1, but the scales upon
the head in that figure are represented as all of the same size, and the markings
upon the body are not the same. It has no resemblance to the Horatta Pam of
Russell, Indian Serpents fig. 11. It is well characterized by the larger scales
upon the vertex. But two species of Echis have been heretofore described.

Fam. HYLAD.E.

Hyla punctata, nob.

Gen. char. Head large, depressed ; eyes very large and prominent ; skin
smooth, for the most part above, with a few small scattered tubercles, quite

194 [October,

abundant, however, upon the thighs ; tongue cordiform, quite free posteriorly,
emarginate ; two bunches of teeth upon the palate between the posterior nares ;
posterior nasal apertures large ; eustachian foramina quite distinct ; fingers
slightly webbed ; terminal pellets large; subarticular tubercles very prominent,
third finger longest, fourth longer than the secorad, second longer than the first.
Toes palmated, the web of the fourth extending to the distal extremity of the
penultimate phalanx ; toes more slender than the fingers, and the terminal pel-
lets much less developed ; typanum distinct ; tibia about a line shorter than the
femur ; abdomen and under surface of the thighs very thickly granulated.

Coloration. Uniform brown above, with a few sparsely scattered and small
orange colored spots; a narrow yellow orange colored vitta extending from the
elbow along the external border of the fourth finger; a similar one, but less dis-
tinct, along the external border of the tarsus ; color of under surface Indian yel-
low, deeper upon the abdomen and thighs.

Dimensions. Length of head f of an inch; greatest breadth | inch; length of
head and body 2 inches; of posterior extremities 3 inches; of anterior 1^ inches.

Habitat. Near the Gaboon River, Guinea. A single specimen presented by
M. P. Bellonni Duchaillu, with other species of reptiles and numerous fishes,
crustaceans and worms from the same locality.

1854.] 195

November 14$, 1854.
The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

A paper was presented for publication from Mr. Charles Girard, en-
titled, " Characteristics of some Cartilaginous Fishes of the Pacific
Coast of North America," which was referred to Dr. Rand, Dr. Hallowell
and Dr. Leidy.

A communication was read from the Berlin Horticultural Society,
dated Berlin, Sept. 25th, 1854, transmitting donations to Library, and
proposing exchanges. Referred to Committee on Proceedings.

November 21st,
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Liege, dated 8th July, 1854,
accompanying their donation acknowledged this evening; and also ac-
knowledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy.

From the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna, acknowledging
the receipt of the publications of the Academy, and desiring missing
numbers of the same.

From Dr. J. G. Fliigel, dated Leipzig, August 1, 1854, in relation to
certain charges for transmission of foreign works for the Academy.

A paper was read from Mr. Charles Girard, intended for the Proceed-
ings, being an "Abstract of a Report to Lieut. Gilliss, U. S. N., upon
the Fishes collected during the U. S. Astronomical Expedition to Chili."
Referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Le Conte, and Dr. Hallowell.

Dr. Leidy read a paper intended for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled, " Notice of some fossil Bones discovered by Mr. Francis A.
Lincke, in the banks of the Ohio River, Indiana." Referred to Major
Le Conte, Dr. Zantzinger, and Dr. Coates.

The following resolution was unanimously adopted : Resolved, That
the thanks of the Society be tendered to Mr. John A. Guex, for the very
extensive and superb collection of Coleopterous Insects, presented by
him this evening to the Academy.

November 2Sth.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Holbrook's " Descriptions of Fishes of Florida,"
reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

The Committees on Mr. Girard's papers, read 14th and 21st insts. ;
and on Dr. Leidy' s paper, read 21st inst., reported in favor of publication
in the Proceedings.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. VII. NO. VI. 17

196 [NOVEMBEK;

Characteristics of some Cartilaginous Fishes of the Pacific coast of North

America.

By Charles Girartj.

1. Cestracjon francisci, G. The largest of these specimens now before us,
and measuring nearly two feet, bears a very strong resemblance to C. Phillippiy
though of a somewhat more bulky appearance. The bony ridge, above the eye,
is much more developed, and the fins are larger also. The posterior margin
of the caudal is bilobed instead of being rounded : an emareination correspond-
ing to the top of the vertebral column. The anal is placed farther back ; its tip
projecting beyond the anterior margin of the inferior lobe of the caudal. The
posterior extremity of the ventrals extends beyond the anterior margin of the
second dorsal. Color, above yellowish grey, darker in the young; beneath light
yellow. Small roundish black spots are spread all over the body and fins.

Collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., in the Bay of Monterey, Cal.

2. Triakis semifasciatum, G. This species is closely allied to T. scyllhim,
from which it differs by a more backward position of the mouth or else a more
developed snout. The chagrin which covers the surface of the skin is more *
acute, giving to the fish a more prickly aspect. Color above olivaceous grey,
lighter beneath ; yellowish under the head and throat. Dorsal region marked
by transverse bands of deep black, with spots of the same hue between the bands,
and also beneath them, along the sides of the body. A black spot exists at the
base and upper surface of the ventrals and pectorals. The caudal is spotted all
over, whilst the dorsals and anal are so only at their base.

Specimens were collected near Presidio, in the Bay of San Francisco, Cal., by
Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A.

3. Spinax (Acanthias) suckleyi, G. Specimens about twenty nine inches
long. Snout very much flattened, elongated, and subconical in its outline when
viewed from above. Eyes very large, elongated and placed immediately in ad-
vance of the mouth. Five branchial apertures well developed. Mouth large.
Dorsal fins moderate ; spine of anterior dorsal rather small. Pectorals very
large and expanded, concave upon their posterior margin. External margin of
ventrals rounded. Inferior lobe of caudal deeply emarginated ; upper lobe long
and lanceolated. Color above of a dark grey with a few small whitish spots;
beneath, under the head and belly, dull yellowish ; farther back, of a light
greyish hue.

Collected at Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, W. T., by Dr. Geo. Suckley,
U. S. A.

4. Rhinobattjs producta, Ayres, in Proc Cal. Acad. Sc. I. 1854. A male
specimen, thirty eight inches in total length, brought this species to our know-
ledge. The rostral distance, from the eyes forwards, is of a much lighter hue
than the* rest of the body. A blackish band exists along the middle of the back,
with diffused blotches upon the sides, and a double band of the same color along
the middle of the snout.

Collected either at Presidio or Monterey, Cal., by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge,
U. S. A.

5. Raja binoculata, G. Transverse diameter, from tip of one pectoral fin
to the other, greater than the longitudinal, from tip of snout to the extremities
of the ventrals. Snout tapering and rounded anteriorly. Eyes moderate ; orbit
surrounded with spines. A spine upon the dorsal line, near the origin of the
trunk. Tail longer than the body and head together, slender and flattened most
of its length ; provided above with a series of spines extending from its origin
to the base of the first dorsal fin. Second dorsal within a short space of the first
and approximating the tip of the tail. Ground color olivaceous brown ; snout
dull whitish. A large subcircular black ring at the base of pectorals enclosing
a large subcircular black spot. At a short distance behind these may be seen a
much smaller and more obsolete subcircular dark ring, clouded within with

1854.] 197

blackish. Beneath dull yellowish ; external margin of ventrals blackish. Dor-
sal fins olivaceous; extremity of caudal blackish with a lighter margin.

Collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann,at San Francisco, Cal., while attached to the
Pacific Railroad Survey under Lt. R. S. Williamson, XL S. A.

Abstract of a Report to Lieut. Jan. M. Gilliss, IT. S. iV., ?/po?i the Fishes col-
lected during the IT. S. iV. Astronomical Expedition to Chili*

By Charles Giraru.

PERC1D.E.

Genus PERCICHTHYS, Girard.

Body oblong or elongated, compressed, covered with scales of medium develop-
ment, finely ciliated upon their posterior margin. Snout rather thick and blunt,
overlapping slightly the lower jaw ; card-like teeth on the jaws ; velvet-like
teeth disposed upon a transverse band in front of the vomer, and upon a narrow
band along the palatines, sometimes only towaids the anterior extremity of these
latter bones. Tongue smooth. Upper surface of head, suborbitals and posterior
dilatation of the upper maxillary, covered with scales as well as the cheeks and
opercular apparatus. Suborbital and preopercle serrated. Opercle provided
with a spine. Branchiostegals six or seven in number. Two dorsal fins conti-
guous at their base. Insertion of ventral fins immediately beneath the base of
pectorals. Anal fin provided with three spiny rays.

1. Percichthys chilensis, G. Perca trucha, Gtjich. in Gay, Hist, de Chile,
Zool. II. 1848, 146, Ictiol. Lam. I. bis. fig. 1. Snout subcorneal, obtuse ante-
riorly, and slightly overlapping the lower jaw. Mouth well developed. Posterior
extremity of upper maxillary fetching the vertical of the centre of the pupil.
Limb of preopercle conspicuously serrated. Exterior margin of sub- and inter-
opercle inconspicuously so. Soft portion of an'al deeper than the height of the
second dorsal. Caudal moderately emarginated posteriorly. Branchiostrgals
seven. Ground color yellowish ; upper regions covered with brownish or blackish
diffused spots.

Inhabits the fresh waters of Chili.

2. Percichthys melanops, G. Mouth of moderate size ; posterior extremity
of upper maxillary reaching the vertical of the anterior rim of the orbit. Pala-
tine teeth occupying but a small area towards the anterior extremity of these
bones. Opercular spine not very conspicuous. Branchiostegals six. Ground
color whitish, minutely and densely dotted with black ; dots crowding upon the
middle of the scales under the shape of a central blotch, giving to the whole fish
quite a dark hue.

Caught in a tributary of the Rio de Maypo, Chili.

Genus PERCILIA, Girard.

General physiognomy percoid, body compressed. Two dorsal fins contiguous
at their base, broadly separated in their outline. Mouth rather small or else of
medium size; jaw T s subequal. Small conical teeth upon the maxillaries, and a
few card-like ones upon the front of the vomer, none on the palatines. Tongue
smooth. A few minute spines along the limb of the preopercle. Opercle without
any spine. External edge of suborbitals, sub- and interopercle not crenated.
Branchial aperture of either side continuous under the throat. Branchiostegals
five or six in number. Scales quite large, and posteriorly ciliated. Cheeks and
opercular apparatus scaly; top of head nearly smooth and naked. Suborbitals
and maxillary scaleless. Insertion of ventrals behind the base of pectorals.
Caudal posteriorly subcrescentic.

3. Percilia gillissi, G. Snout short and rounded, mouth small ; posterior
extremity of upper maxillary corresponding to the vertical of the anterior rim

19S [NOTEMBER;

of the eye. A few minute spines upon the angle of preopercle. Scales large?
conspicuously ciliated posteriorly. Ground color light reddish or reddish brown,
maculated with black.

Inhabits the hydrographic basin of the Rio de Maypo, Chili.

ATHERTNIDiE.

This family heretofore composed of the single genus Atherina, having been
made on our part the subject of much research, is now understood by us in the
following manner. The

Genus ATHERINOPSIS, Girard,

Which we have recently established, is to receive such species as have no
palatine teeth, with both jaws equal, and the snout more or less rounded.

Atherina menidia, Linn., and A. notata, Mitch., will come under this denom-
ination, alongside with A* calif omiensis, Girard. The

Genus BASILICHTHYS, Girard,

is characterised by the protrusion of the upper jaw beyond the lower; adding
to that feature small teeth on both jaws, none on either the vomer or palatines,
the intermaxitlaries constituting the upper arcade of the mouth, with the maxil-
laries placed behind them, and the upper surface of the head scaly ; including :

4. Basilichthys microlepidotus, G. Atherina microlepidota, Jen. Zool. of
Beagle, iv. Fish. 1842, 78. PI. xvi. fig. 1, 1 a. 1 b. Guich. in Gay, Hist, de
Chile, Zool. II. 1848,253.

Inhabits the fresh waters of Chili.

And also Atherina laticlavia, Cuv. & Val. ; A. argentinensis, Cuv. & Val. j
A. macrophthalma, Agass. ; A. bonariensis, Cuv. & Val. and A. lichtensteinii,
Cuv. & Val. Finally the

Genus HETEROGNATHUS, Girard,

Is based upon the elongation of the lower jaw which projects considerably
beyond tbe upper one. There are either no teeth on the palate or else they exist
in a very rudimentary state only.

Atherina humboldtiana, Cuv. & Vax.., and A. vomerina, Cuv. & Val., will,
for the present, constitute this genus.

SILURID^E,

Genus NEMATOGENYS, Girard.

Head very much depressed and large. Body posteriorly compressed ; posterior
margin of caudal fin rounded. Anal opposite space between the dorsal and
caudal. Ventrals under the dorsal. Mouth broad but not deeply cleft; its angle
provided with a long barbel. A second pair of subhyoidal barbels shorter than
the buccal ones. A still shorter and prenasal barbel constituting a third pair of
these appendages. Intermaxillaries and dentaries provided with a patch of
card-like teeth. Pharyngobranchials covered with similar asperities. Eyes
rather small, situated on the upper surface of head. Opercular apparatus spine-
less. Branchial apertures continuous under the throat. A spine at the external
margin of the pectoral fins. Skin scaleless.

5. Nematogenys inermis, G. Trichomycterus inermis, Gnicu. in Gay, Hist,
de Chile, Zool. II. 1848, 312, Ictiol. Lam. ix. fig. 2.
Inhabits the fresh waters of Chili.

Genus TRICHOMYCTERUS, (Humb.) Valenc.

Head depressed and rather small. Body anteriorly rounded ; posteriorly com-
pressed. Caudal fin emarginated or subemarginated. Anal under the posterior
part of the dorsal, and ventrals in advance of the latter. Mouth small or of
medium size, inferior, and provided with a double pair of barbels at its angle*

1854.] 199

No barbels under the head. One pair of prenasal barbels. Velvet-like teeth
upon the intermaxillaries and lower jaw. Palate smooth. Eyes very small,
situated on the upper surface of head. Opercular apparatus prickly. Branchial
openings not continuous under the throat. Fins without any spiny rays. Skin
scaleless and smooth.

6. Tkichomycteris maculattjs, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat, Poiss. xviii. 1846, 493.
Guich. in Gay's Hist, de Chile, Zool. II. 18-18, 311.

Caught in the Rio Mapocho, near Santiago, Chili.

clupeid^:.

7. Alosa mtjsica, G. Body subfusiform, elongated, compressed and tapering
posteriorly. Origin of ventrals opposite the middle region of dorsal. Posterior
extremity of upper maxillary reaching the vertical of anterior rim of pupil.
Lower jaw longest. Back bluish ; sides silvery. A series of from nine to eleven
roundish spots along the sides.

From Caldera Bay, Chili.

8. Engraulis pulcheelus, G. Body subfusiform, slender and compressed.
Origin of ventrals situated in advance of anterior margin of dorsal. Vent im-
mediately opposite the hind margin of same fin. Scales higher than long. Dorsal
region purplish ; sides of head and body silvery.

From Caldera Bay, Chili.

CHARACINI.

Genus CHEIRODON, Girard.

Body compressed : abdomen not serrated. Adipose fin present. Teeth upon the
maxillary, the intermaxillary and the dentary; disposed in a single series along
both jaws, and dilated towards their edge, which exhibits generally five acute
points. No canine. Palate without teeth. Scales large. Gill openings large.
Branchiostegal rays three in number. Pharyngeal teeth velvet-like, very
minute. Dorsal fin situated between the ventrals and the anal.

9. Cheirodon pisciculus, G. Snout short and rounded ; eyes rather large.
Maxillary teeth very small and few. Dorsal fin higher than long. Caudal
forked. Anal nearly as deep as long. Ventrals and pectorals slender. Scales
proportionally very large, higher than long. A silvery band along the middle
of the flanks, margined above with black. Fins unicolor, olivaceous.

Inhabits the ponds in the vicinity of Santiago, Chili.

MYXINOIDEA.

10. Bdeleostoma polytrema, G. Fourteen respiratory apertures and gills on
either side. Twelve teeth on either side in the posterior, as -well as in the ante-
rior row. Eyes present. Color not preserved in the specimen before us.

From the Bay of Valparaiso, Chili.

Notice of some Fossil Bones discovered by Mr. Francis Am Lincle, in the banks

of the Ohio River, Indiana.

By Joseph Leidy, M.D.

Through the kindness of my friend, Dr. J. G. Norwood, of New Harmony,
Indiana, I have had the opportunity of examining a collection of fossil bones,,
which were obtained by Mr. Francis A. Lincke, from the banks of the Ohio
River, near the mouth of Pigeon Creek, a short distance below Evansville,
Indiana. The bones are usually found in this locality sticking in the bank,
when the w r ater in the river is low.

The specimens are thoroughly impregnated with oxide of iron, which also
erves as a cement to adhering pebbles, sand, fragments of Unios, and shells of
s he species of JSlelania canaliculata, Pahi.dina- 2>onderosa i etc.

200

[November,,

The collection contains bones of the following animals :

Megalonyx Jeffersonii, Harlan.

a. Two tibial diaphyses of the left side of young individuals.
h. A vertebra dentata.

c. A. fragment of an os calcis.

d. A metacarpal and a metatarsal bone.

e. An ungual phalanx.

Bison Americanus? (fossilis).*

a. A fragment of a cervical vertebra.

Cervus Virginianus (fossilis).

a. Proximal half of a tibia.

b. Distal half of a tibia.

e. Proximal half of a metacarpal bone.

d. Proximal and distal halves of two metatarsal bones.

e. Portions of two scapula?.

/. Proximal portion of a first rib.

g. The mutilated cranium of a doe.

h. The superior portion of the cranium of a buck ; the antlers having been
shed.

i. Three portions of as many lower jaws of different ages. One contains the
back five molars very much worn away ; a second contains the last two molars
a little worn; and the third contains all the molars, but the last temporary one
has not been shed, nor is the last true one protruded. All these specimens cor-
respond in size with the same parts of large individuals of the existing Certnis
virginianus, and have the same form ; and they probably belonged to the same
species. Besides these specimens, fossil bones of a deer not larger than the
Cervus virginianus have been found in association with bones of the Megalonyx,
Mastodon, &c, in the vicinity of Natchez, Mississippi. In the cabinet of the
Academy there are several specimens from this locality, consisting of a portion
of a lower jaw, a fragment of an antler, and the posterior and inferior portions
of two crania.

Eqtjus Americanus, Leidy.
a. The last dorsal vertebra.

Tapirus.

a. An inferior back molar tooth of an old individual. The crown is much
worn and the fangs are long, spreading, and thickened. It is larger than in the
recent Tapir americanus, and belongs to the supposed extinct species which I
have designated as Tapirus Hay sit.

Canis prim-Evus, Leidy.

This name is proposed for a species of wolf, which I suppose to be indicated
by a specimen, in Mr. Lincke's collection, of a left upper maxillary bone con-
taining the posterior five molars, all of which are nearly entire except the
penultimate one. The fragment, however, only differs from the corresponding
part of the recent Canis lupus of Europe and its American congeners, in being
rather larger (about one sixth), and in its having slight variations in several of
the molar teeth. Certain naturalists may regard the fossil as an indication of a
variety only of the Canis lupus, and of the correctness of such a view I shall
not attempt to decide. Naturalists have not yet settled among themselves the
question of how far characters of a specific value may be obtained from the
skulls and teeth of many genera. Most naturalists regard the Canis lupus, of
Europe, and the Canis oceidentalis and many other wolves of America as of the
same species. Certainly they possess no important osteological differences, but
the same may be said of the grizzly bear, the polar bear, and the brown bear, or
of the horse, the ass, and the zebra, or of the lion, the tiger, and the panther,
etc., etc. Those who have attempted to define a species, I think, have gene-

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1854.]

201

rally given too much value to a mere convenient word, with which naturalists
empirically designate groups of organized beings possessing characters of com-
parative constancy, so far as historic experience has guided them in giving due
weight to such constancy.

The question of the origin of species, whether from a single pair or from a
plural stock, whether by ascent from the lowest form of life, in gradually di-
verging series, or whether through innumerable miraculous interpositions, 1
think is entirely independent of the former question.

To return to the fossil ; the maxilla has the same form externally as in the
corresponding bone of the recent wolves with which I have compared it. The
infra-orbital foramen is on a line vertical to the interval between the third and
fourth molar teeth, which is slightly farther back than in any of the skulls of
recent wolves examined.

The penultimate molar is less concave posteriorly than in our recent speci-
mens ; and its antero-posterior diameter internally is greater in relation to the
same diameter externally ; in other words, the tooth internally is less narrowed
than in recent wolves. It is also broader in the antero-posterior diameter when
compared with its transverse diameter. Its basal ridge externally is more
abrupt and is slightly mammillated at its border. The second and third molars
have their basal ridge internally more developed, which is also the case with the
internal oblique ridge descending towards the cusp anteriorly.

The principal measurements of the fossil, in comparison with those of the
corresponding part in recent wolves are as follows :

MEASUREMENTS.

o

O P

c

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c

CD

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re

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P <~
D P,

From base of crown of third molar to the upper mar-
gin of maxilla, .......

From base of crown of fourth molar to upper margin
of maxilla, ........

From back of last molar to canine alveolus,

From back of last molar to front of second molar, .

Antero-posterior diameter of penultimate molar exter-
nally,

Ditto, at middle, .......

Breadth of do

Antero-posterior diameter of ante-penultimate molar .

lines
24

36
43
37

8
6*

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13

21

30

39*

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5*

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Oa motion of Mr. Foulke, it was Resolved, That a copy of the Pro-
ceedings of the Academy be presented to the Natural History Society
of Schuylkill Co., Penn., at Pottsville.

ELECTIONS.

Dr. Thomas Newbold, Mr. Francis Fassitt, and Mr. John A. Guex,
all of Philadelphia, were elected Members; and Mr. S. S. Rathvon, of
Lancaster, Penn., Mr. R. K. Winslow, of Cleveland, Ohio, and Prof.
E. Briieke, of Vienna, were elected Correspondents.

202 [December,

December 5th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam, dated 7th Sept.,
1854, accompanying their donations acknowledged this evening.

From the City Library, Leipsic, dated 2d Oct., 1854, acknowledging
the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy.

From the New York State Library, dated 28th Nov., 1854, acknow-
ledging the receipt of the last number of the Proceedings.

From Mr. John Landis, dated Hempfield, Penn., transmitting some
minerals from that vicinity, and requesting an examination thereof.

From Prof. B. L. C. Wailes, dated Washington, Miss., acknowledging
the receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent of the Academy.

From Dr. Bennett Dowler, dated New Orleans, 1st Nov. 1854, trans-
mitting two specimens of foetal fishes, with a printed description of vi-
viparous fishes found in Louisiana.

Dr. Leidy read a paper intended for publication, entitled, " Remarks
on the identity of Bootherium cavifrons with Ovibos moschatus, or 0.
maximus." Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Mr. Foulke, and Dr. Hallowell.

Dr. Leidy exhibited a drawing of a species of Hydrachna, which he
had found in various conditions of development in the mantle of Unto
purpureus. They were very numerous, some specimens containing a
thousand or more.

December 12th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr/ Eugene Borda, dated Minersville, Penn.,
Dec. 1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a
Member.

Dr. Le Conte presented two papers for publication in the Proceedings,
severally entitled, " Descriptions of the species of Trox and Omorgus
inhabiting the United States/' and " Some corrections in the Nomencla-
ture of Coleoptera found in the United States;" both of which were
referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Zantzinger, and Prof. Baird.

A paper from Mr. Girard, intended for publication, was presented,
entitled, ''Abstract of a report to Lieut J. M. Gilliss, U. S. N., upon
the Reptiles collected during the U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition
to Chili." Referred to Dr. Hallowell, Mr. Lea ; and Major Le Conte.

December 19 th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Lieut. G. H. Hare, dated Philadelphia, 19th Dec, 1854, trans-
mitting numerous donations to Museum acknowledged this evening.
The collections were made by Count Bernardi and himself.

From Mr. S. S. Rathvon, dated Lancaster, Penn., 5th Dec, 1854,
acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election, as a Correspondent.

1854.]

203

From John C. Dalton, Jr., dated New York, 7th Nov., 1854, of same
tenor.

From the Trustees of the British Museum, dated 2d Nov., 1854, ac-
knowledging the receipt of late numbers of the Proceedings.

From the Natural History Association of Prussian Rhineland and
"Westphalia, dated 25th August, 1854, transmitting their publications
acknowledged this evening, and requesting exchanges.

From the Royal Society of Sciences of Gottingen, dated 2d July,
1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy.

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Bavaria, dated Munich,

1854, stating that the publications of the Academy sent them are placed
in the private library of the King of Bavaria, and requesting duplicate
copies for that Society. Referred to the Committees on Publication and
Proceedings.

From the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna, dated 18th June,
10th Aug., and Nov. 3d, 1854, accompanying the donations acknowledged
this evening.

From Dr. J. H. Molkenboer, dated Leyden, 12th June, 1854, ac-
companying the donations announced this evening.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings
entitled, u Descriptions of new Coleoptera collected by Thos. H. Webb,
M.D., in the years 1850-1-2 while Secretary to the U. S. and
Mexican Boundary Commission." Referred to Dr. Zantzingcr, Dr.
Henderson, and Prof. Haldeman.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication, entitled, " List of the
species of Pigeons of the genus Carpopbagus, Swainson, in the collec-
tions of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the U.
S. Exploring Expedition, Washington, D. C, with descriptions of new
and little known species." Referred to Col. McCall, Dr. Wilson, and
Dr. Woodhouse.

Dr. Genth presented for publication a paper, entitled, " Herrerite
identical with Smithsonite." Referred to Dr. Wetherill, Dr. Rand, and
Dr. Bridges.

Dr. Wetherill presented a paper for publication, entitled " Chemical
Notices.'' Referred to Dr. Rand, Dr. Bridges, and Dr. Genth.

Dr. Wetherill called the attention of the members to the experiments
of Dr. Stenhouse upon the action of charcoal on animal substances in
promoting their rapid destruction, a fact first noticed by Mr. Turnbull,
of London. In the experiments of Dr. Stenhouse, small animals were
covered with powdered charcoal, and the soft parts were speedily de-
stroyed. No offensive odor was noticed, although the experiments were
conducted in the laboratory. Dr. Wetherill suggested the use of this
agent in the preparations of the skeletons of small animals.

Mr. Cassin stated that at the present time, and for several weeks past,
the white-winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) has been exceedingly
abundant in the neighborhood of this city, and noticed the fact that this
had been the case, notwithstanding that the weather had not been more
rigorous than usual at this season. This bird has not appeared here
until the present month, since the winter of 183G-7, when it and other

204 [December,

northern birds were very abundant. As yet, the bird alluded to has
not been ascertained to be accompanied by other species, but is more
abundant than during its visit in 1836-7. During an excursion in New
Jersey, a few miles from Philadelphia, Mr. C. stated that he saw not
only boys shooting crossbills in large numbers, but killing them with
stones, which their frequenting low pine trees, and their apparent entire
want of acquaintance with danger, rendered not difficult. They, in fact,
manifest the utmost simplicity of habits, showing even no signs of alarm
at the report of the gun, and continue quietly searching for food without
regarding the death of their companions.

A collector of this city recently shot seventy-eight specimens in the
course of one morning, and Mr. Drexler, lately employed by the Academy
as taxidermist, shot twenty-seven specimens this day. It would appear
from the unsuspicious manners of these birds that they have migrated
from regions not settled by the white races of men, and their appearance
here in such large numbers may be considered as demonstrative that the
winter in the north either commenced unusually early, thus preventing
the maturity of the buds on which they subsist, or that it has been of
great severity.

December 26t7i.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committees on papers by Mr. Joseph Jones, of Georgia, read
October 25th ; by Dr. Leidy, read Dec. 5th ; by Dr. Le Conte, read
Dec. 12th and 19th ; by Mr. Girard, read Dec. 12th ; by Mr. Cassin,
read Dec. 19th; by Dr. G-entb, read same date; by Dr. Wetherill,
read same date ; and by Mr. Isaac Lea, read Feb. 7th, 1854, severally
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

An Abstract of Experiments upon the Physical Influences exerted by hiving
Organic* and Inorganic , Membranes, upon Chemical Substances passing through
than by Endosmose.

By Joseph Jones.

The phenomenon of endosmose is coeval with that of life. All organized
beings spring from organic cells. Each cell is a chemical laboratory ; the mate-
rials for its nutrition, growth, and elaboration all pass through its walls by en-
dosmose. What is true of the organic cell, is also true of every living organ-
ism, however simple or complex, because all its acts of nutrition, secretion, and
growth, are carried on by organic cells. These facts show the important bear-
ing of endosmose upon physiology and pathology, and demonstrate the absolute
necessity of studying and understanding its phenomena, and developing, as far
as possible, all its physical laws.

A true knowledge of these can only be gained by careful, laborious, and nu-
merous experiments.

Experiments upon Living Animals, shoioing that their Membranes exert a
Physical Influence capable of changing the molecular arrangement of Chemi-
cal Substances in solution, passing through them by Endosmose.
Immersed the belly and lower extremities of a large spring-frog, in a strong
solution of the chloride of calcium, and allowed it to remain for an hour ; then
washing it carefully with water, immersed its lower extremities in a strong so-
lution of the oxalate of ammonia. It remained in this solution for one hour,

1854.] 205

when it was again carefully washed and placed in the solution of the chloride of
calcium, where it remained for a similar length of time. Finally, it was re-
moved from this, back to the solution of the oxalate of ammonia.

During the course of the experiment, which lasted four hours, the frog gradu-
ally became weaker and more inactive, and finally died in the solution of the
oxalate of ammonia in which it was last placed. The specific gravity of the
solution of the oxalate of ammonia was much less than that of the chloride of
calcium, consequently the object in moving the frog from one solution to
another, was to obtain as large a deposite of the oxalate of lime within its
blood-vessels and tissues as possible, by promoting the actions of imbibition,
endosmose, and exosmose.

As a general rule, the rapidity of the action of endosmose is proportional to
the difference of the densities of the exterior and interior fluids. The effects of
this action, or rather of the membranes, upon the chemical substances passing
through, will be manifested by the change of physical form exhibited by the
precipitate of the oxalate of lime.

Immediately after the frog had been removed from the solution of the oxalate
of ammonia, an incision was made below and to the side of its sternum, into the
cavity of the thorax and abdomen. The heart was found still pulsating. The
blood-vessels beneath the skin, upon the surface of the stomach and intes-
tines, in the muscular fold of the peritonoeum, and between the kidneys, ap-
peared thoroughly injected with blood, as if the animal had died of violent in-
flammation of all these parts.

The blood from the heart and lungs was first examined under the microscope,
in which, with a magnifying power of 210 diameters, were seen innumerable
minute cubical particles, floating amongst the large elliptical blood capsules. In
the fibrous tissue between the epidermis and pectoralis major muscle, square
plates, cubical crystals, and parallelograms were seen, together with minute
particles, the largest of which appeared to be cubes.

The mesenteric fold of the peritonoeum contained the same equi-lateral, equi-
angular plates, and cubical crystals. In the fascia of the thigh, besides numbers
of these, there appeared, also, beautiful octohedral crystals of the oxalate of
lime, similar in all respects to those formed when the intestines of a raccoon,
(Procyon lotor,) were filled with a solution of the chloride of calcium, and im-
mersed in a solution of the oxalate of ammonia.

When the eggs of the frog were mashed, and their contents spread out on a
glass slide and examined under the microscope, they contained multitudes of
equi-angular plates, aud cubical crystals of the oxalate of lime.

It is probable that the exterior fluids passed through the anus and cloaca into
the oviducts and ovaries, and finally by endosmose into the eggs themselves.

In the fibrous tissue of the walls of the abdomen, in addition to the cubes and
octohedra, and equi-lateral plates, there appeared, also, delicately formed dumb-
bell and ellipsoidal crystals.

When the plantar fascia of the foot was cut through, from the incision flowed
a fluid resembling the liquor sanguinis mixed with a little blood, which, under a
magnifying power of 210 diameters, contained beautiful octohedral and dumb-
bell crystals of the oxalate of lime.

This experiment was repeated with slight variations, as to the length of the
time, and the density of the fluids, and in every instance, without any exception,
the results were the same.

In one instance, the deposit formed within the blood and tissues of the frog,
assumed the form of delicate dumbbell and cruciform crystals of the oxalate
of lime. Figure 1. represents the appearance of these crystals and their rela-
tive size, when compared with the blood corpuscles. In another experiment
the blood from the ventricle of the heart contained large and perfectly formed
octohedra, with a few dumb-bell crystals, while the various tissues and muscles
contained chiefly delicately formed dumb-bells and crystals, and the aqueous
humor of the eye contained octohedral, and comparatively large acicular crystals.

Figure II. represents the crystals from the blood of the heart.

Figure III. those found in the tissues, and between the fibres of the muscles.

206 [December,

Figure IV. the acicular and octohedral crystals found in great numbers in
the aqueous humor of the eye.

We see then by these microscopical examinations, that the oxalate of lime
has assumed forms different in all respects from those of the precipitate thrown
down, when solutions of the chloride of calcium and oxalate of ammonia are
brought into immediate contact. The precipitate thus formed consists of mi-
nute irregular granules. Figure V. represents this deposit. What has changed
the physical form of this deposit ? It has been accomplished, without doubt,
by the action of the membranes upon the chemical substances in solution pass-
ing through them.

Experiments upon the physical influence exerted by mucous membranes, removed
from all vitality , upon chemical substances in solution passing through litem.

Filled the intestine of a Raccoon, (Procyon lotor), with a solution of the
chloride of calcium, whose specific gravity was 1031, and immersed it in a so
lution of the oxalate of ammonia, having a specific gravity of 1007. In the
course of an hour the exterior fluids became cloudy, with a white precipitate,
the oxalate of lime. At the end of two days, a copious white deposit had settled
to the bottom of the jar, which, under a magnifiying power of 210 diameters,
presented the appearance of innumerable acicular, rectangular, and irregular
particles, often conglomerated together in great numbers, forming miniature
representations of plants with their branches and leaves. Figure VI. represents
their appearance.

Specific gravity of exterior fluid 1005.

The interior fluid was next examined, the intestine having been punctured
and its contents carefully removed.

Specific gravity of interior fluid 1003.

This marked change of its specific gravity from 1031 to 1003, shows that a
free interchange of the fluids must have taken place. The slight change in the
exterior fluid, of 1007 to 1005, is readily explained, when we consider the fact,
that the exterior was 12, whilst the interior was only 4 fluidounces.

Within the intestines but a small deposit had taken place, in comparison with
that of the exterior fluid. Under the microscope this presented a magnificent
crystalline appearance, differing wholly from that of the exterior fluids, and also
from that formed when solutions of the chlorides of calcium and oxalate of am-
monia are brought into immediate contact.

The appearance of this magnificent microscopical object is represented in
figure VII.

Amongst the crystals there were no less than seven well defined regularly formed
varieties. We recognize the octohedral and dumb-bell crystals, as the form in
which the oxalate of lime almost invariably occurs in the urine, not only of man,
but also of other animals, and even in that of birds.

Does not this experiment indicate that the peculiar forms of the oxalate of
lime, occurring in urine, may be the result of the physical action of the base-
ment membrane of the tubuli uriniferi and its secretory cells ?

The tissues of the intestine were next examined.

The cellular tissue was not equally injected ; in some places there was scarce-
ly any, while in others there was a very abundant deposit.

In all places the mucous membrane appeared free from any deposit of the oxa-
late of lime. It was found difficult, however, to decide this question by the mi-
croscope, on account of the difficulty of separating the fibrous tissue completely
in which occurred a copious crystalline deposit.

This is not the only instance ; out of numerous examples, we will select only
two.

When the bladder of a raccoon (Procyon lotor) was filled with a solution of
the bichloride of mercury, and immersed in a solution of the iodide of potassium,
a brilliant red crystalline deposit of the biniodide of mercury took place upon
the exterior, whilst upon the interior a light yellow mass of lozenge-shaped
crystals of the protiodide of mercury was precipitated. In this case also the
mucous membrane appeared free from any deposit.

1854.] 207

When the intestines of a raccoon were filled with a solution of the acetate of
lead, and immersed in a solution of the bichromate of potassa, the deposit upon
the exterior consisted of innumerable small irregular granules, while that upon
the interior consisted of beautiful stellate crystals.

When a sheep's bladder was rilled with a solution of the oxalate of ammonia,
and immersed in a solution of the chloride of calcium, no deposit took place in
the exterior iluid, whilst a precipitate of the oxalate of lime fell in the interior
flufd.

The appearance of this under a magnifying power of 210 diameters, is repre-
sented in figure VIII. Within the muscular and fibrous coats of the bladder
this deposit presented the same appearance. The fact that solutions of certain
chemical substances will pass through a membrane in one direction, but not in
another, might be illustrated by many examples.

The stomach of a raccoon was filled with a solution of the bichromate of potassa,
and immersed in a solution of the acetate of lead ; a copious deposit of the chro-
mate of lead took place in the exterior fluid, whilst none whatever occurred in
the interior; it retained its natural color and appearance. The results were in
all respects the same when the intestines of this animal were treated in a similar
manner.

When the stomach was treated in this manner a deposit took place only upon
the interior. When the oesophagus of a large rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus),
was treated in a similar way, only a small deposit occurred in the exterior fluid.
Filled the stomach of a raccoon, and a portion of the intestines of a large
rattlesnake with a solution of the iodide of potassium, and immersed them in a
solution of the bichloride of mercury ; in both cases a copious deposit occurred
upon the exterior, whilst little or no precipitate fell in the interior fluid.

These facts are due to one of two causes. Either certain chemical substances
in solution exert an influence upon mucous membranes, changing their minute
anatomical structure, and thus destroying their power of carrying on the physical
phenomena of endosmose andexosmose; or else mucous membranes possess a
power of choice, as it were, dependent upon their physical constitution, allowing
one fluid to pass through in one direction, but not another fluid holding a different
chemical substance in solution in an opposite direction. When a portion of the
small intestine of a sheep was filled with a solution of the nitrate of lime and
immersed in a solution of the oxalate of ammonia, a copious precipitate of the
oxalate of lime took place in the exterior fluid, which under a magnifying power
of 210 diameters was found to consist of innumerable octohedral crystals of dif-
ferent sizes, also a few dumb-bell crystals. The appearance of this deposit is
represented in figure VIII.

In the exterior deposit the octohedra were about one hundred times more nu-
merous than the dumb-bell crystals.

In the interior fluid a deposit of the oxalate of lime had taken place, which
under the microscope presented the appearance represented in figure IX. The
entire deposit consisted of innumerable minute and delicately formed dumb-bell
crystals, with here and there an octohedral crystal. In the interior fluid, unlike
the exterior, there were over a hundred dumb-bell crystals to one octohedral
crystal. Minute octohedra, and delicately formed dumb-bells, were found within
the meshes of the fibrous tissue. By comparing this experiment with the former
ones in which solutions of the same chemical substances were used, we are
forcibly taught the following laws.

l?t. Mucous membranes from the same relative part of the bodies of different
animals, exert different physical influences upon the same chemical substances.

2d. Mucous membranes from the same animal, but from different parts of
the body, exert different physical effects upon solutions of the same chemical
substances'.

3d. The physical influence exerted by the membrane is not the same in
endosmose and exosmose ; it differs with the direction of the current.

A very important question now presents itself for our consideration. May
not this change of form in the precipates be due to the presence of some animal
substance or fluid, as fibrin, blood, albumen, or serum, and no to the physical

208 [December,

action of the membranes. To determine this point a series of careful experi-
ments were instituted with the following substances; albumen, fibrin, yolk of
hen's egg, warm blood, cold blood, putrescent blood, warm serum, cold serum,
putrescent serum, and urine. In no case did the presence of these substances
produce a crystalline deposit of the oxalate of lime. Each experiment was per-
formed in several different ways, and under different circumstances ; sometimes
the densities of the solutions of the chloride of calcium and oxalate of ammonia
were varied, at others the temperature and conditions of the foreign body. But
one result attended all these experiments no crystalline deposit. In many
instances we have mingled the interior and exterior fluids, in both of which
crystals had been produced by the action of the membrane, and in every case
the precipitate of the oxalate of lime thrown down consisted of irregular granules
without any crystalline form whatever. Does not this prove conclusively that
the simple presence of the different membranes did not cause the change of the
physical form of the precipitate?

The next question which presented itself was, whether dry membranes exert a
physical influence upon substances passing in solution through them, capable of
changing their physical forms ? To determine this point we performed several
experiments with dry membranes, with solutions of the chloride of calcium and
oxalate of ammonia, varying the relative positions and densities of the fluids in
each experiment. In no instance was a regular crystalline deposit obtained.
In only one experiments, two or three octohedral crystal occurred in the midst
of millions of irregular particles.

All our experiments, thus far, prove that dry membranes exert little or no
physical influence upon chemical substances in solution passing through them.
Our next subject was to ascertain the influence of inorganic septa, during the
endosmotic action. In our experiments we used thin vessels of baked clay.
These were filled with a solution of the chloride of calcium and immersed in a
glass jar containing a solution of the oxalate of ammonia. The relative posi-
tions and densities of these fluids were also changed. In no instance did we ob-
tain a regular crystalline deposit. So far then as our experiments go, we are
able to assert, that inorganic septa do not exert a physical influence upon chemi-
cal substances passing through them, capable of changing the arrangement of
their molecules.

Experiments 7cpo?i the physical influence exerted upon chemical substances in solu-
tion, as they pass through the cell walls of vegetables.

Immersed the cut end of a stalk of Indian corn in a solution of the chloride of
calcium, and allowed it to remain for 18 hours, at the end of which time it was
removed and placed in a solution of the oxalate of ammonia, in which it re-
mained for a similar length of time. When thin slices of the corn-stalk were
examined under a magnifying power of 210 diameters, a crystalline deposit of
the oxalate of lime, was found to have taken place within the hexagonal cells of
the vegetable, which presented the appearance represented in Figure IX. This
differs widely from the deposit formed when solutions of the oxalate of ammo-
nia and chloride of calcium are brought into immediate contact. The precipi-
tate thus formed consisted of irregular granules.

The crystals deposited within the cells of the corn, differed widely also
from those formed when the intestines of a raccoon or a sheep were filled
with solutions of the oxalate of ammonia, and immersed in solutions of the chlo-
ride of calcium.

Immersed sections of different lengths of the stem of a young and verdant
benne plant, in a solution of the acetate of lead, and then transferred them to a
strong solution of the proto-sulphate of iron. When thin sections were exam-
ined under the microscope, beautiful square and lozenge-shaped plates had crys-
tallized in all the hexagonal cells.

When .the broad thick leaf of an endogenous plant was placed alternately in
solutions of the same chemical substances, a crystalline deposit took place
within its cells, which differed in form from that within the cells of the benne
plant. Different vegetables were immersed in different chemical solutions,

1854.] 209

which when mingled produced a deposit of irregular granules, and in every in-
stance a regularly crystalline deposit took place within their cells.
It is unnecessary to do more than recapitulate the following results.

1. Cell-w T alls, like animal membranes, exert a physical influence upon the
chemical substances held in solution passing through them. This physical in-
fluence is capable of altering the arrangement of the molecules of the precipi-
tate formed within the cells, so that the precipitate which under ordinary cir-
cumstances consists of irregular granules, under the influence of the endosmodic
action assumes a regular crystalline form.

2. The cells of different vegetables, like different animal membranes, change
in different manners the arrangement of the molecules of the same substance.

It may yet be demonstrated, by experiment, that cells in the same plant,
having different offices, elaborating different products, may exert a different
physical influence upon the same chemical substance. Or, in other words, the
crystalline deposit of the same substance, will vary in physical properties with
different cells.

In conclusion we would state that we are still investigating this subject, and
hope to be able to substantiate, by numerous experiments, performed under
every possible circumstance, all the laws and facts asserted in this brief abstract
of experiments.

Remarks on the question of the identity of Booiherium cavifrons with Ovibos moschatus

or 0. maximus..

By Joseph Leidy, M.D.

In the Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Herald, the author, Sir John
Richardson, in speaking of an extinct species of ox, characterized by me under
the name of Bootherium cavifrons starts a question, of which I think there is not
the least necessity. On page 120 of his excellent work, he remarks, " Dr. Leidy
includes no fewer than twelve crania, all more or less mutilated, and dug up in
the valley of the Mississippi, in his species named Bootherium cavifrons, to which
he refers Dr. Dekay's specimen; and a comparison of his fig. 2, pi. iii. with the
same view of the cranium of the musk-ox in pi. iii. of the ' Zoology of the Herald,'
leaves no reasonable doubt of the fossil species being quite distinct from the re-
cent one. The accessory trochlea? of the occipital condyles are fully developed in
the fossil skull, and many other peculiarities of Ovibos may be discerned in the
figures, so that Bootherium and Ovibos are evidently very closely allied. A ques-
tion now arises whether the dentata above referred to as the foundation of
the proposed palaeozoic species Ovibos maximus may not be a relic of Dr. Leidy's
cavifrons, and this might, without much risk of mistake, be decided in the affir-
mative, were it certain that the Siberian crania mentioned in the ' OssemeLS
Fossiles' were identical in speeies with those imbedded in the drifts of the Mis-
sissippi ; but as yet the evidence for such an extension of the ancient range of
cavifrons is wanting. The size of Dr. Leidy's specimen of cavifrons does not
exceed that of the skull of an aged musk bull, and the dentata of maximus is of
corresponding dimensions. If the discovery of a dentata of the musk-ox type,
and of suitable size, in the valley of the Mississippi, should hereafter fully
establish the identity of cavifrons with maximus, it may be necessary to ascertain
which of the two appellations was first made public."

That Bootherium is closely allied to Ovibos, as declared in my " Memoir on the
Extinct Species of American Ox," page 12, there is no doubt ; but that the two
genera are distinct I think is proved by the former possessing an important
character, which does not exist in the latter nor in ar.y other genus of Bovidae. The
character to which I allude is the large lachrymal fossa? cr larmiers situated in
front of the orbits, as in the Cervidae, and which are represented in fig. 1, pis.
iv., v., of the memoir above referred to, in both species of Bootherium.

" That the Siberian crania mentioned in the ' Ossemens Fossiles ' " are not
,' identical in species with those embedded in the drifts of the Mississipj i," I

210 [December,

think any one will grant who will take the trouble to compare the figures of
the " Siberian crania," in the works of Pallas,* Ozeretskovsky,f or Cuvier,J
with my figures of Bootherium cavifro?is. The former are indistinguishable
from the figures given of the crania of the recent Ovibos moschatus, while the
latter has no deep fissure separating the bases of the horn cores, but these are
confluent and form a huge process covering the entire length and breadth of the
frontal bone.

Sir John Richardson has himself, in page 22 of his work, considered the " Si-
berian crania" as belonging to the Ovibos moschatus ; and in the above extract
has stated there 13 " no reasonable doubt of the fossil species," [Bootherium cavi-
frons) ''being quite distinct from the recent one" [Ovibos moschatus). Conse-
quently, he has decided that Bootherium is a different animal from the species to
which the " Siberian crania" belonged. Therefore, it appears to me, when Sir
J. R. subsequently says, " A question now arises whether the dentata above
referred to as the foundation of th supposed palaeozoic species Ovibos maximus,
may not be a relic of Dr. Leidy's cavifrons, and this might, without much risk of
mistake, be decided in the affirmative, were it certain that the Siberian crania
mentioned in the ' Ossemens Fosslles' were identical in species with those em-
bedded in the drifts of the Mississippi, but as yet the evidence of such an ex-
tension of the ancient range of cavifrons is wanting," the question had
already been decided that " the Siberian crania" were not "identical in species
with those embedded in the drifts of the Mississippi."

Sir J. R. then says, te The size of Dr. Leidy's specimen of cavifrons does not
exceed that of the skull of an aged musk-bull, and the dentata of maximus is of
corresponding dimensions." If this be the case I would ask, as the li dentata of
maximus " was found in the country of the " musk-bull," and is of the same size
as the corresponding bone in that animal, what evidence is there that it does not
belong to it ?

Under these circumstances "the discovery of a dentata of the musk-ox type,
and of suitable size, in the valley of the Mississippi," would by no means " estab-
lish the identity of cavifrons with maximus" but would rather tend to show the
greater ancient range of the Ovibos moschatus.

In regard to the time at which the appellations cavifrons andmaximus were
made,public I deem it of trifling importance to science, but I may take the pre-
sent opportunity of stating that the name Bootherium cavifrons was proposed in
the number of the Proceedings of this Academy for May and June 1852, which
was distributed the following month, therefore three months previous to the ap-
pearance of the " first part of the Herald's Zoology."

In conclusion I may add a list of what appear to be the species of American
ox, recent and extinct.

1. Bison Americanus, (recent and fossil). The fossil certainly not the Bison
priscus ? Richardson.

2. Bison latifrons, Leidy. For synonyma refer to page 8 of Mem. on Ext.
Sp. of Am. Ox., and add Sus Americamis, Harlan ; Harlauus Americanus } Owen.

3. Bison priscus? Richardson.

4. Bison crassicornis, Richardson.

5. Bison antiquus ? Leidy. I think not the same as the Bison crassicornis,
Richardson, but probably it may be Bison latifrons.

6. Bootherium cavifrons, Leidy. Syn. page 12 of Mem. on Ext. Sp. &c.

7. Bootherium bombifrons, Leidy. Syn. page 17 of Mem. on Ext. Sp., &c,
and add Bison bombifrons, Richardson, Zool. Her. p. 41.

8. Ovibos moschatus. (Recent and fossil.) Bos Pallassii, De Kay.

9. ? Ovibos maximus, Richardson.

* Nov. Com. Petrop. xvii., tab. xvii , figs. 1 3.

f Mem de 1' Acad, de St. Petersb., iii., pi. vi.

% Ossem. Foss. ed. 4, vi., pi. clsxii., figs. 9, 10, clxxi. figs. 6, 7.

See Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. vii. 89.

1354.]

211

Descriptio?is of the species of Trox and Omorgus inhabiting the United States.

By John L. LeConte, M.D.

Trox Fabr.
A. Thorax incequalis prrzcipne bicostatus.

1. T. S o n or ae , oblongus niger, thorace latitudine fere triplo breviore, ir-
regulariter grosse punetato, inaequali, disco elevato bicostato, lateribus late
rotundatis, elytris costis quatuor suturaque elevatis haud interruptis, sptis sor-
didis brevissimis tesselatis, interstitiismuricato-punctatis cicatricosis, tuberculis
parvis uniseriatis notatis. Long. *38.

One specimen, Tucson, Sonora. This species is very similar to the next, but
the sides of the thorax are less rounded, being almost straight near the base ;
the furrows of the elytra are distinctly tuberculate, and the general form of the
body is narrower. Nevertheless, a larger series of specimens may prove these
differences to be of no value.

2. T. al t e r n a n s , oblongus, niger, thorace irregulariter grosse punctato,
latitudine fere triplo breviore, lateribus modice rotundatis, elytris costis quatuor
suturaque elevatis haud interruptis, setis-sordidis brevissimis tessellatis, inter-
stitiis muricato-punctatis, transversim cicatricosis, tribus internis simplicibus,
quarto costula intermedia notato. Long. -37.

Kansas Territory and New Mexico. The head is scarcely tuberculate,
densely punctured with the clypeus rounded, not margined ; thorax two and a
half times wider than long, moderately rounded on the sides, ciliate with yel-
low bristles, irregularly and coarsely punctured, unequal, with the middle of the
disc strongly elevated and bicostate, the intermediate furrow being divided by
a slight transverse elevation about the middle. Elytra oval, truncate at base,
finely serrate on the sides, with four elevated uninterrupted costae, which are
tessellated with short yellowish bristles, and alternate shining spots ; suture
elevated ; the three inner spaces are broadly concave, with irregular transverse
elevations, and sparingly marked with small muricate punctures, arranged nearly
in four series, but not so closely placed as to render the arrangement obvious ;
in some directions the transverse elevations seem to indicate a row of tubercles,
but this is also very indistinct ; the fourth space is marked with an indis-
tinct interrupted costa, forming a row of tubercles ; at the tip of the elytra
all these irregularities fade away, and the ordinary arrangement of striae
may be traced. The capillary striae seen in many species are here en-
tirely wanting:, except in the subsutural space where they may be faintly
discovered. The anterior femora, as in most species, are strongly dilated
and crenulate inferiorly; the anterior tibiae of one specimen from Kansas
are without teeth; in the New Mexican specimen, besides the ordinary
square terminal tooth, there are two small ones at the middle, and some fine
serrations towards the base.

A specimen from Kansas, of smaller size (.35) has the costae of the elytra
less elevated and the interstices less corrugated, so as to present, besides the
very small muricated punctures, two rows of large subquadrate punctures,
nearly as in T. p o r c a t u s , from which, however, it is abundantly distinguished
by the differences in the form and sculpture of the thorax, and by the absence
of the capillary striae of the elytra.

3. T. s o r d i du s, niger, thorace flavo-ciliato, brevissime setoso. inaequali
irregulariter grosse punctato, lateribus late rotundatis, medio modice elevato
bicostato, elytris costis quatuor interruptis, suturaque elevatis brevissime setosis,
postice indistinctis, interstitiis inequalibus bistriatis, tuberculisque parvis uni-
seriatis. Long. *3.

Georgia, New York, Kansas. Smaller than the preceding, with the sides of
the thorax less rounded and the disc less elevated. The second and third costae
of the elytra are more interrupted than the first and fourth, and all are indis-
tinct posteriorly ; when the inequalities of the elytra are less marked, the

18

212 [DECEMBER;

capillary striae appear strongly punctured with an intermediate row of small
distant tubercles. The anterior tibiae are furnished with a broad bidentate ter-
minal process, and one well-marked tooth at the middle ; they are finely serrate
towards the base. The anterior femora are very strongly dilated and crenate
on the inferior margin. The head is somewhat more unequal than in T. alter-
nans.

4. T. po r c at u s, niger, sordidus, thorace longius flavo-ciliato, sordidebreviter
setoso, latitudine duplo breviore, lateribus antice rotundatis, inequaliter punc-
tato, medio bicostato, sutura costisque interruptis elevatis rlavo-setosis, costis
alternis minoribus fere indistinetis, interstitiis punctis magnis quadratis seriatis
stria capillari coniunctis. Long. 4 # 46.
Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 193.

Middle and Southern States. The sides of the thorax are straight for three
fourths of their length, and are then rounded to the apex ; the punctures of the
elytra are connected by striae, and the inequalities diminish towards the tip.
The anterior tibiae are serrate towards the base, with one sharp tooth at the
apex: the femora are very much dilated, and hardly crenulate on the inferior
margin. In the form of the thorax this species is allied to T. capillaris,
but in that species the capillary striae of the elytra are much stronger, the costae
are less distinct, forming merely rows of distant penicellated elevations, and
the rows of punctures are not very obvious.

5. T. tuberculatus, obiongus, niger, thorace latitudine plus duplo bre-
viore, lateribus late rotundatis, inaequali, partibus elevatis breviter fulvo-setosis,
dorso elevato, bicostato, elytris tuberculis valde elevatis oblongis brevissime
setosis, quadriseriatim positis, interstitiis parce quadriseriatim murieato-punc-
tatis, suturaque tuberculis parvis uniseriatim notatis. Long. *3 37.

Herbst, Kafer, 3, 24 ; tab. 21, fig. 6 : Oliv. Ins. 4, p. 9 ; tab. 2, fig. 8.

Scarabceus tuberculatus, De Geer, 4, 317; tab. 19, fig. 2.

Trox serrulatus, Beauv. Ins. 176, tab. 46, fig. 9.

Trox canaliculatus, Say, Long's Exped. St. Peter's 2, 278.

Middle and Southern States, not rare. Besides the apical emarginate process,
the anterior tibiae have only one prominent tooth at the middle ; above this are
some fine crenulations. This species is not much like T. sabulosus of
Europe, with which Olivier compares it, but is the only one known to me that
will agree with the descriptions or figures.

6. T. erinaceus, minus elongatus, subovatus, niger, thorace latitudine fere
triplo breviore, lateribus late rotundatis, setis nigris penicellato, dorso bicostato,
elytris striis distinctis, interstitiis parce muricato-punctatis interstitiis 3, 5, 7 7
9 tuberculis valde elevatis, oblongis, acutis nigro-penicellatis, serie suturali
paulo minore ornatis. Long. 25.

South Carolina, Mr. Zimmermann. The intervals between the series of large
elevations are marked with a scarcely distinct series of tubercles, hardly
larger than the scattered elevated punctures. The denticulations of the anterior
tibiae are not distinct, but one near the middle is a little more prominent.

7. T.terrestris, breviusculus, ovatus, niger (praecipue sordidus), tho-
race latitudine duplo breviore, lateribus vix late rotundatis, subreticulatim
inaequali, elytris punctis quadratis seriatis, interstitiis alternis elevatis subin-
terruptis, brevissime sordide setosis, alternis (alteris) parce muricato-punctatis^
Long. -21 -24.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 192.

Middle and Southern States, abundant. The inequalities of the thorax are
less developed than in those above described, and are connected together so as
to give a reticulated appearance ; five of the cells are adjacent to the base, and
three fill up the apex. The anterior tibiae, besides the universally found square
apical prominence, have only one moderate tooth below the middle.

8. T. capillaris, longiusculus, ovatus, sordide niger, thorace parce
setoso, latitudine vix sesquibreviore, lateribus fere rectis, inaequali, dorso bicos-

1854..] 21

n

tato, elytris striis tenuibus elevatis notatis, et punctis parcis notatis, interstitiis
tuberculis vix elevatis breviter nigro-fasciculatis ornatis, seriebus alternis
maioribus ; serie suturali autem secundae aequali. Long. 36 *40.

Say, Journ. Acad., Nat. Sc. 3, 238: Harris, Trans. Hartford Soc. Nat. Hist.
77.

Middle, Southern and Western States : the anterior tibiae have a prominent
tooth below the middle and a smaller one above the middle. When the elytra
are very carefully cleaned the elevated lines towards the suture are seen to be
double, while beyond the third series of the larger bunches of bristles, they
vanish entirely, and rows of punctures alone are seen. The inequalities of the
thorax consist of the two entire dorsal costae and a smaller one each side, ex-
tending from the base beyond the middle.

B. Thorax hand intequalis.

9. T. variolatus, elongatus, niger, thorace latitudine duplo breviore,
lateribus antice rotundatis, confertim punctato breviter setoso, late canaliculato
et marginato, elytris striis tenuibus elevatis punctatis, interstitiis fulvo-penicel-
latis, alternatim paulo elevatis, seriebus alternis maioribus. Long. '25.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. 2, 137.

Middle States. The sutural series of bunches of bristles is larger than the
one adjacent. The anterior tibiae have two or three very small teeth on the
outer margin. Closely resembles the next, but readily distinguished by the
elevation of the alternate intervals, and by the larger bunches of hair on the
elevated spaces.

10. T. as q u a 1 i s, elongatus, niger, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, lateribus
antice rotundatis late deplanatis, confertim punctato, breviter fulvo setoso, dorso
subcanaliculato, elytris striis tenuibus elevatis punctatis, interstitiis aequaliter
uniseriatim fulvo penicellatis. Long. '25.

Say, new species of insects of Louisiana, (1832).

Middle and Southern States. The anterior tibiae have one small tooth near
the apical prominence, which is bidentate.

11. T. fascifer, elongatus, niger, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, late-
ribus late rotundatis, late deplanatis, confertim subtilius punctato, breviter fulvo
setoso, dorso vix canaliculato, elytris striis tenuibus elevatis subtilius punctatis,
interstitiis aequaliter uniseriatim fulvo penicellatis. Long. *26.

One specimen, San Francisco. Precisely similar in form and appearance to
the preceding, but differs in having the striae of the elytra finely instead of
coarsely punctured : the outer margin of the anterior tibiae above the terminal
bidentate prominence is marked with three small but distinct teeth.

12. T. 1 a t i c o 1 1 i s , minus elongatus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine plus
duplo breviore, lateribus magis rotundatis, late explanatis, angulis posticis valde
obtusis, parce setoso, grossius punctato, late canaliculato, elytris striis subtilius
punctatis, interstitiis planis fasciculis minutis nigris uniseriatim ornatis. Long.
24.

One specimen, New York. Broader than the two preceding, with the sides
of the thorax considerably rounded, so that the posterior angles become obtuse:
the fascicles of the elytra are composed of only three or four short black
bristles, which arise from a somewhat muricate puncture. The anterior tibiae
have three small equidistant teeth, exclusive of the terminal prominence.

13. T. s t r i a t u s , oblongus, convexus, nigro-piceus, nitidus, thorace latitu-
dine plus duplo breviore, lateribus angustius marginatis late rotundatis, sat
dense punctato subcanaliculato, elytris glabris, striis profunde crenatis im-
pressis, interstitiis subconvexis, parce punctulatis. Long. '25.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. 2, 137.

Pennsylvania, Rev. D. Zeigler ; very rare. Besides the strongly bidentate
apical tooth, the anterior tibiae are armed with three small teeth : the posterior
angles of the teeth are nearly rectangular.

214 [Decembee,

14. T. atr ox, elongafus, ovafas, niger, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, late
marginato, confertim punctato, breviter setoso, subcanaliculato ? lateribus late
rotundatis, elytris striis duplicatis crenatis, interstitiis uniseriatim flavo-setosis.
Long. -33.

One specimen, found near Long's Peak. The setae of the elytra arise from
small murieated punctures. The anterior tibiae are more tiilated than in the
other species; the terminal tooth is very much rounded, and above it are two
or three sinuosities indicating other teeth. The form is that of T. variolatus 7
but larger.

Omorgtjs Er

This genus, described at length in Wiegmannn's Archiv., (13, 111) and referred
to in Erichson's Ins. Deutsch. (925), contains the largest species of our native
Trogidae. It difFers from Trox by the corneous prominent ligula, by the first
joint of the labial palpi being longer than the second, and finally by the terminal
hook of the maxillae being cleft, and the second hook being single. (In Trox
the terminal hook is usually trifid.) As these characters are difficult, certain
differences in appearance may be made use of to separate the two genera. Thus
in Trox the sides of the thorax are strongly ciliated, and broadly regularly
rounded, while in Omorgus the sides are hardly ciliate, and are frequently ir-
regular, and sometimes toothed : the eyes of our native species of Trox
are reticulated, and the posterior tibiae toothed ; while in Omorgus the eyes
are smooth, and the posterior tibiae in our native species without teeth. Of
these habitual characters, reliance can be placed absolutely upon none but the
structure of the sides of the thorax, as according to Erichson, species of Trox
occur in which the eyes are smooth and the posterior tibiae toothless. Our species
may be divided thus :

A. Corpus dpterum ; thorace bullis nitidis or nato,

1. O. texanus, apterus niger, convexus, thorace cataphraeto valde in-
aequali, lateribus rotundatis ante basin subincisis, elytris seriatim grosse punc-
tatis nitidis irregulariter ccelatis. Long. 8.

Eagle Pass, Texas, collected by Mr. Schott, under Major Emory, of the
U.S. and Mexican Boundary Commission, and also by Lieut. Haldeman. This-
species is larger than 0. scutellaris, and the lines of punctures on the elytra are
better marked ; but except in the form of the sides of the thorax, there appears
to be no special difference ; as in that species, the posterior outer angle of the
large four-angled bulla each side of the dorsal channel is produced.

2. 0. scutellaris, apterus niger, thorace cataphraeto, valde insequali ?
lateribus rotundatis, elytris seriatim minus distincte punctatis, transversim
ccelatis, interstitiis subquadratis, subaequaliter parum elevatis. Long. *6 65

Trox scutellaris Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 3, 23S.

Kansas Territory near the mountains : New Mexico, Mr. Fendler : abundant.

3. O. suturalis, apterus niger, thorace cataphraeto, valde inaequali?
lateribus rotundatis, elytris minus distincte seriatim punctatis, transversim
ccelatis, interstitiis inaequaliter magis elevatis, sutura costata. Long. -63.

Texas Mr. Schott, two specimens. Distinguished from the preceding by the
more elevated and irregular shining spaces of the elytra, and by the suture being
elevated in the form of a eosta.

4. O. umbonatus, apterus niger, thorace cataphraeto, valde inaequali?
lateribus rotundatis, elytris minus distincte seriatim punctatis, interstitiis trans-
versim ecelatis, alternatim magis elevatis. Long. *65'.

Texas, Messrs. Schott & Clark. Also allied to 0. scutellaris, but besides the
inequality of the rows of elevations of the elytra, the four-angled bulla each side
of the dorsal channel of the thorax has the posterior outer angle not produced?
aad almost obtuse. The body is also more elongated.

1854.] 215

B. Corpus alalum ; thorax tuherculis punctatis hated nitidis ornatis.

i

5. O. scabrosus, sordide niger, opacus, thorace valde inaequali, lateribus
rotundatis pone medium incisis, angulis posticis rotundatis, elytris tuberculis
magis elevatis cataphractis seriatis ornato, seriebus alternis maioribus, inter-
stitiis punctis muricatis sparsis fere inordinatis. Long. -57 7.

Trox scabrosus Beauv., Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. 175, tab. 46, fig. 4.*
New York, Florida, Texas. This species has entirely the appearance of the
next, from which it seems to differ only by its usually much larger size, and by
the sides of the thorax (excluding the indentation) being rounded instead of an-
gulated, and by the elevated points between the large series of tubercles of the
elytra being much larger, and by some of them forming intermediate series of
smaller tubercles. As in the next there is a sutural series of small tubercles.
This large species is abundant, especially near the sea shore.

6. O. pustulatus, sordide fuscus, vel niger, opacus, thorace valde inaequali,
lateribus medio fere angulatis, pone medium incisis, angulis posticis rotundatis,
elytris tuberculis serie quadruplici et ad suturam positis magis elevatis cata-
phractis, interstitiis parce inordinatim muricato-punctatis. Long. 55 *6.

? 'Trox tuber culatus\\ Beauv., Ins. 175, tab. 46, fig. 3.

Southern States, not rare. This species agrees very well with Beauvois' figure,
but his insect is said in the text to have been found in Hayti. It is remarkable
that while he mentions that Trox tuberculatus (Olivier) was unknown to him,
he should retain for his own very different species the same specific name.

This species is distinguished (apart from the differences in the elytra) from the
following as well as the preceding species by the sides of the thorax converging
obliquely from the middle to the apex ; the effect of this is to produce an indis-
tinct angle near the middle ; this character in consequence of the gradual curving
of the sides is not seen either in 0. scabrosus or in O. asper.

7. O. a s p e r , niger, sordidus, opacus, thorace valde inaequali, lateribus late
rotundatis, pone medium subincisis, angulis posticis latius rotundatis, elytris
tuberculis magis elevatis cataphractis quadruplici serie ornatis, sutura intersti-
tiisque tuberculis minutis uniseriatim positis, et ordinatim profunde punctatis.
Long. 5.

Georgia, South Carolina, Mr. Zimmermann. The elevated punctures scattered
irregularly between the rows of tubercles, as seen in the two preceding species,
have here disappeared ; the intervals are somewhat unequal, and in each are seen
two moderately regular rows of large punctures, with an intervening series of
small tubercles, which like the larger tubercles are covered with a brown crust.
These small tubercles are, however, scarcely more elevated than the places be-
tween the punctures forming the rows. The lateral incision of the thorax is
much less deep than in the preceding species, and the posterior angles are broader
and less prominent.

8. O. punctatus, griseus, thorace inaequali, lateribus obliquis late rotun-
datis, pone medium subincisis, angulis posticis vix rotundatis, canalidorsali antice
mediocri, elytris seriatim crenato-punctatis, interstitiis parce subtiliter muricato-
punctatis, alternis paulo elevatis nigro-tesselatis. Long. *46 '55.

Trox punctatus Germ. Ins. Nov. 113.

Trox alternatus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 179.

Trox crenatusl Beauv., Ins. 176, tab. 46, fig. 1 : (nee Oliv., Ent. 4, tab. 1, f. 4.)

Trox denticulatus\ Beauv., Ins. 175, tab. 46, fig. 7, 8 : (nee Oliv. Ent. 4, tab.
2, fig. U.)

ITrox unistriatus Beauv., Ins. 175, tab. 46, fig. 5.

Our most abundant species, found from New York to Santa Fe and Texas.
The tesselated spots of the elytra in well preserved specimens afford an excellent
character for distinguishing it : greasy specimens are uniformly black in color,
and in such the absence of tubercles on the elytra, and the less deep dorsal channel
of the thorax may be taken as distinguishing marks. The punctures of the stria?
of the elytra vary somewhat in size; sometimes they are small, deep and well

216 [DECEMBER^

defined ; at other times they are broad and subquadrate, so that the less elevated
interstitial spaces appear transversely rugous : the alternate intervals are some-
times very distinctly, and sometimes hardly apparently elevated, yet with a large
series of specimens these differences shade imperceptibly together. The in-
equalities of the thorax are much less conspicuous than in the following species,
and the four usual posterior tubercles are rather flattened.

The synonym last quoted is not certain, yet as specimens occur in which the
sutural space is more distinctly elevated than the others, it would be safer to refer
it here, than to retain it as a species, without any distinct character. Trox cre-
natus and denticulatus (Oliv.) are described as South American species, and do
not appear to resemble those described under the same name by Beauvois.

9. 0. mors us, sordidus (vel niger) thorace valde inaequali, Iateribus late
rotundatis, pone medium paulo incisis, angulis posticis late rotundatis, dorso
antice valde canaliculato, elytris seriatim crenato-punctatis, interstitiis alterna-
tim modice elevatis, interruptis (subtesselatis) tuberculis nitidis obtusis, alternis
tub^rculis minoribus noTatis. Long. -5 *55.

Texas and Kansas. Very similar to the next species, and differs principally
in having the sides of the thorax distinctly incised a little behind the middle.
In well preserved specimens, the elytra would probably be tessellated, as in the
preceding species : between the large tubercles are seen rou^h places, as if for
the insertion of short bristles, precisely as in badly preserved specimens of Q.
punctatus : the smaller series of tubercles are sometimes hardly visible. The
inequalities of the thorax are very much elevated, and the four posterior tubercles
very distinct, the outer ones as usual being interrupted.

10. 0. integer, sordidus (vel niger) thorace valde inaequali, Iateribus late
rotundatis, haud incisis, angulis posticis rotundatis, disco antice valde canalicu-
lato, elytris seriatim crenato-punctatis, interstitiis interruptis tuberculatis, alter-
nation magis elevatis. Long. -5 *53.

Texas and Northern Sonora, near Tucson. As in some specimens the spaces
between the black tubercles are covered with a brown crust, the elytra are
probably tessellate in well preserved individuals. Besides the absence of the
lateral incision of the thorax, this species differs from the preceding by the tu-
bercles of the elytra being more closely arranged, and by the less elevated inter-
vals being more unequal. In one specimen, however, the intermediate rows of
small tubercles are almost obsolete.

11. O. tesselatus, convexus, sordide cinereus, thorace inaequali, Iateribus
magis rotundatis haud incisis, angulis posticis paulo rotundatis, disco antice valde
canaliculato, elytris muricato-punctatis, crenato-striatis, interstitiis paulo con-
vexis spatiis quadratis nigris laevigatis, parum elevatis tesselatis. Long. *61 '65.

This fine species is contained in the beautiful series of Coleoptera brought by
Dr. Thos. H. Webb from the boundary between Mexico and the United States,
and is labelled " San Diego trip" : for the purpose of completing the present
genus, the description is placed here, though it properly belongs to a paper to be
found below.

The form of the thorax is similar to that of the preceding, but the elevations,
although very sudden, are smaller, and the anterior one is distinctly divided into
two longitudinal ridge?, the outer one, of course, being shorter; the elevations
of the elytra are nearly equal, except the sutural row, which is smaller. The
anterior tibiae are armed with a distinct tooth about the middle.

Some corrections in. the Nomenclature of Coleoptera found in the United States,

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

During the course of years through which our Coleoptera have gradually been
made known, too often under great disadvantages arising from the limited libra-
ries, and still more limited collections to be found in this country, many species
have been referred to wrong genera, and thus became placed in such relation to

1854.] 217

known species as very much to confuse subsequent investigators. The student
of local faunae alone can be expected to remove these obstacles, which fortunately
are now but few in number. Such of them as have come before my view while
arranging in my collection several families, upon which I am not yet prepared
to publish special investigations, are here presented, in the hope of economizing
time and labor for other entomologists.

Besides these, I have found it necessary to indicate several generic synonyms,
which have been created by want of familiarity with foreign species belonging
to genera not previously known in this part of the globe, or which, from the
fanciful classifications frequently invented in the study of large groups, are so
described as to be irrecognizable, without typical species. It is to be understood
that the corrections here made embrace only such as have not appeared in Dr.
Melsheimer's Catalogue of Described Coleoptera, or in any of the synopses or
monographs published in this country or Europe, so far as known to the author.

1 . Elmis v i 1 1 a t u s Mels. Proc. Acad. 2, 99. Well preserved specimens of
this species, found at Baltimore, which I owe to the kindness of Mr. J. P. Wild,
have proved that the reference to E. 4-notatus Say, made by me in Proc. Acad.
6, 44, is incorrect. The mutilated specimen in Dr. Melsheimer's collection was
insufficient to make known the character of the species, which is larger and nar-
rower than E. 4-notatus, with the sides of the thorax less rounded, and the punc-
tures composing the striae of the elytra smaller and less distant. The color is
yellow, with the head, sides of the thorax, margin and suture of the elytra,
blackish, and the postpectus, femora and tibiae dusky. From E.bivittatus Lee.
it is distinguished by its smaller size, paler color, and by the narrower and less
convex thorax having the sides less rounded.

2. Macronychus lateralis Mels. Proc. Acad. 2, 99, does not differ fromM.
glabratus Say, Journ. Ac. 5, 187.

3. Simplocaria s t r i g o s a Mels. Proc. Acad. 2, 118, (Georissus strigosus
Mels. Cat. Descr. Col. 35) has been shown by me (Proc. Acad. 7,) to be a Syn-
calypta, and very probably European.

4. Cicones marginal is Mels. Proc. Acad. 2, 112, must be referred to
Coxelus.

5. Atomaria cr e n at a |]Mels. Proc. Acad. 2, 114 (Cryptophagus gilvellus
Cat. Descr. Col. 45) belongs to Litargus Er.

6. Phanaeus t o r r e n s Lee. Journ. Acad. 2d, 1 , 85, by the completion of the
series of specimens, proves to be a bright colored, short horned variety of P.
triangularis.

7. Onthophagus n i g e r Mels. is a dark variety of O. Janus.

8. Ochodaeus obscurus Lee. Journ. Acad. 2d, 1, 86, is no Ochodaeus, but
seems related to Aesalus, near which it will form a new genus.

9. Ochodaeus americanus Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 2d, 2,
66, is, on the contrary, a true Ochodaeus, but was previously known as Bolbo-
cerus musculus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 178.

10. Scarabaeus splendens Beauv. 89, tab. 26, fig. 2, is referred by Mr.
Chevrolat to Xyloryctes, (Ann. Ent. Soc. Tr. 2d, 18, 641,) but appears to be
really Strategus A n t ae u s 9

11. Scarabaeus Bos ci Beauv. ibid. fig. 1, is also a Strategus, not described
by Burmeister.

12. Anomala m a r g i n e 1 1 a Lee. Proc. Acad. 7, 81, is the previously known
A. binotata Burm.

13. The species of Tostegoptera described by me, viz., T. cribrosa, ven-
tricosa, aequalis (Proc. Acad. 6,231 and 440) form a new genus distin-
guished by the ligula being deeply and squarely emarginate, while in Tostegop-

218 [December,

tera the same part is subtruncate ; the emargination in T. asqualis is less than
in the other two, but is quite obvious. This genus may be separated under the
name E u g a s tr a.

14. Polyphylla variolosa Harris, is referred by Erichson (Ins. Deutschl.
659) to Melolontha occidentalis Linn., an entirely different species of the
same genus, which is found in the Southern States, and which has the suture
a nd three vittae on each elytron covered with white hair.

15. Melolontha 10-1 in ea ta Say, a species of the same genus, is closely al-
lied if not the same as the Mexican Polyph. leucogramma Blanch. (Cat. Mus.161.)

16. Atractopterus incongruus Lee. (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. JO, 454) is
very similar to the European Sericosomus fugax ; the name Sericosomus is
founded upon characters, although recognizable, too slight to be admissible in a
system of rational classification, but as its type coincides with Atractopterus, it
seems proper that the latter name should be suppressed.

17. Pyractomena linearis Lee. Proc. Acad. 5, 336, is P. lucifera Mels.
ibid. 2, 304 ; the latter name I placed incorrectly as a synonym of P. angulata.

18. Pyractomena fenestralis Mels. ibid. 2, 304, is not Ellychnia c o r-
r u s c a, as stated by me (Proc. Acad. 5, 334) but another species of Ellychnia,
allied to E. ni grica n s.

19- Alloeocnemis Lee. Proc. Acad, 6, 232. This must be added to the al-
ready numerous synonyms of Polycaon Lap. which has been passed from
Cleridae to Melyridae, and as in the present instance to Nitidulidae. Its true
resting place is, as indicated by Erichson in Ptiniores, where it approaches on
the one hand Apate, and on the other Lyctus ; a curious species found in Texas
by Lieut, Haldeman completes the chain of analogy in form and sculpture.

20. Triphyllus r u g o s u s Randall, (Cis rugosus Mels. Cat. Descr. Col. 85,)
is Endecatomus reticulatus Mellie, Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 2d, 6, 213.

21. Xyletinus sericeus Say, Journ. Acad. 5, 171, belongs to Trypopitys
Redt.

22. Xyletinus flabellicornis Sturm, Cat. (1826) tab. 1 , fig. 7, does not
belong to the family of Ptiniores, nor can I at present indicate where it should
be placed.

23. Tomicus 1 i m i n a r i s Harris, (Ins. Inj. Veget. 78,) found by Miss Mor-
ris to inflict serious injury upon peach trees, belongs to Phloeotribus.

24. Pachyvhynchus Schonherri Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 203; Rhinaria
Schonherri Schonh. 7, 2,369, is merely Ithycerus curculionoides Schonh. 1,246.

25. Brachytarsus obsol.etus Schonh. (1839) 5, 167, is Anthribus variegatus
Say, (1826) Journ. Acad. 5," 251.

26. Brachytarsus brevis Schonh. (ibid.) is Anthribus tomentosus Say, ibid.

27. Anthribus coronatus Schonh. (1833) 1, 141, is A. cornutus Say, (1831.)
Curcul. 4.-

28. Anthribus capillicornis Say, (1826,) is Arascerus coffeaB Schonh. (Fabr.)

29. Anthribus 4-notatus Say, (1826,) is A. bimaculatus Oliv. and belongs to
Tropideres.

30. Trichocnemis Lee. (Journ. Acad. 2d, 2, 110) is not sufficiently distinct
from Ergates ; the Californian species must therefore be called E.spiculatus.

32. Tinopus Lee. (ibid. 2d, 2, 19) is the same as Rhopalophora Serv.

33. The genus Argaleus Lee. (ibid. 2d, 1, 319) is founded on defective cha-
racters ; the type A. nitens is congeneric with Leptura monticola Randall,
upon which I founded Evodinus ; the latter genus must therefore be suppressed.

1854.] 219

The second species of Argaleus (Pachyta attenuata Hald.) enters the genus An-
thophylax Lee. Piodes must be united with Acmaeops. Commencing then with
Rhagium, our genera of Lepturidae, having the front oblique, the mentum trape-
zoidal, and the gula emarginate each side of the mentum, may be thus arranged :

1. Antennae ante oculares ; tibiae calcaribus ad apicem sitis ;

a. Sterna gibba ; coxae anticae discretae Rhagium.

b. Prosternum simplex ; coxae anticae contiguae ; oculi integerrimi ;

Mesosternum protuberans Gaurotes.

Mesosternum planum Acmaeops.

2. Antennae vix interoculares ;

a. Tibiae calcaribus ante apicem sitis Toxotus.

b. Tibiae calcaribus ad apicem sitis ;

Oculi mediocres ; elytra postice angustata Argaleus.

Oculi magni ; elytra linearia Centrodera.

2. Antennae interoculares ; oculi intus emarginati ; tibiae calc ad apicem sitis ;

a. Palpi labiales dilatati Anthophylax.

b. Palpi labiales maxillaribus non latiores.

Antennae articulis externis utrinque impressis Typocerus.
Antennae 11-articulatae articulis haud impressis ;

Thorax angulis posticis productis Strangalia.

Thorax angulis posticis haud productis Leptura.

The separation of the last two genera is evidently unnatural. The separation
of Centrodera and Argaleus is also on very slight characters, but as thus far
there is a peculiarity of appearance, which renders each easy of recognition, it
will be more convenient to permit them to remain distinct. The other genera
appears to be entirely natural.

34. Taraxis Lee. (Agassiz* Lake Superior, 237) does not appear different from
Auchenia.

35. Hemophilus f o s s o r Lee. (Journ. Acad. 2d, 1, 92) appears not to be re-
lated to Heliophilus, but to be a new genus near Opatrum ; Opatrum latima-
n us, described at the same time, is also referred incorrectly ; it is allied to and
perhaps congeneric with Leichenum.

36. Pytho pallida Say, (Journ. Acad. 3, 271,) belongs to Adelina.

37. Boletophagus tetraopes Newman, (Ent. Mag. 5, 378,) is Eledona d e-
pressa Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 21 ; the last mentioned name has
priority by two months.

38. Boletophagus silphides Newman, ibid, is on the other hand a species
of Peltis, (!!) so closely allied to P. dentata of Europe, that by Dejean it was
considered identical.

39. In Psorodes Solier (Studi Entom. 167) has placed Helops contractus Beauv.
under the name P. inflata. The same insect was long ago made the type of a
special genus, Meracantha canadensis Kirby, (Fauna Bor. Am. 238.) The name
must therefore be Meracantha contract a.

40. Stenochia gracilis Lee. (Ann. Lye. 5, 150) is allied to Allecula ; the
penultimate joint of the tarsi is lobed, and the ungues are serrate.

41. Mycetochares ruficornis Mels. Proc. Acad. 3, 59, is a Melandryide,
congeneric with Hallomenus luridus Hald.

42. The last named species does not appear sufficiently distinct from H. scapu-
laris Meis. Proc. Acad. 3, 57.

43. Orchesia sericea Mels. ibid, upon which the genus Calasia Hald. is
constructed is a true Scraptia.

44. Scraptia 1 ute a Hald. is not different from S. pallipes Mels.

45. S. a mericana Hald. placed in the Cat. Descr. Col. p. 143, as synony-
mous with the last, is a different species.

220 [December,

46. S. rugosa and flavicollis Hald. do not belong to Scraptia; but 1
cannot find any genus in which they may be placed ; they appear rather related
to some Tenebrionides, than to Melandryades.

47. Anaspis 4-p unctata Say, Journ. Acad. 3, 276, is a true Mordella.

48. Anaspis ventralis Mels. seems to be a variety of A . rufa Say, Journ.
Acad. 5, 244. A. filiformis Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior 231, is the male
of the same.

49. Anthobates Lee. (Lac. Sup. 231) must be reunited with Anaspis ; the
character upon which I separated it is entirely false ; nor can I account for such
an error of observation.

50. Lytta fulgifer Lee. is merely a dark colored variety of L. N u t a 1 1 i Say.

51. Eugnathus|| Lee. Trans Am. Phil. Soc. (10, 375,) a genus allied to Pana-
gseus, must be changed to M i c r i x y s. The name Eugnathus has been already
twice used in the order of Coleoptera.

Descriptions of new Coleoptera collected by Thos. II. Webb, 31. D., in the years 1850-51
and 52, while Secretary to the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Commission.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Most of the species collected by Dr. Webb, have been already described by
me from other sources, but the remaining nondescripts contain a comparatively
greater number of large and beautiful species than any other collection yet ob-
tained. The localities are mostly given within limits.

Cicindela prae tex tat a, longiuscula, subtus viridi-amea, abdominis lateri-
bus albo-pilosis, supra fusco-cuprea, opaca ; labro albo transversim quadrato, an-
tice subtiliter tridentato, fronte utrinque subtiliter striato, thorace lateribus ro-
tundatis albo-pilosis, latitudine haud longiore modice convexo, impressionibus
tran3versis profundis ; elytris thorace sesqui latioribus modice convexis, limbo
latiusculo albo, intus obtuse dentato, fascia intermedia obliqua longiuscula recta,
subtilius haud profunde punctatis : palpis sexus utriusque testaceis, articulo
ultimo ceneo. LoDg. *45 -6.

"San Diego to El Paso." By a figure kindly sent me by Prof. Lacordaire,
this species seems somewhat related to C. circumpicta,yet the prolonged oblique
band of the elytra, as well as the thorax, which is not brilliant and not deeply
sulcate, will distinguish it. The species here described appears in general more
related to C. generosa, formosa, &c, but is more elongated in form. The apex of
the elytra is not at all serrate, and in the female each is considerably rounded,
while in the male they are conjointly rounded and the little tooth of the suture
ia more obvious.

Two males found on the " San Diego trip," differ from the type by the more
brilliant coppery color of the upper surface, the more distinct punctures of the
elytra, and by the middle band of the elytra being gradually dilated internally
and truncate, while in the type it is rounded at tip, and not dilated.

Cicindela lemniscata, elongata cylindrica subtus viridicenea, abdominis
lateribus albo-pilosis, supra, cuprea; labro alborotundato, subtridentato, fronte
concavo, utrinque striato viridi-micante, antennis nigris, thorace jrugoso, cylin-
drico, lateribus albo-pilosis vix rotundatis, impressionibus transversis profundis,
disco medio purpureo, elytris thorace vix sesqui latioribus, parallelisapice oblique
rotundatis, densius fortiter punctatis, vitta utrinque discoidali integra alba pone
medium intus obtuse bidentata, et apicem ad suturam ambiente : pedibus palpis-
que testaceis, his apice seneis. Long. *31.

" San Diego trip," one male. This small and slender species is the only North
American one known to me in which the elytra are ornamented with a vitta
equally remote from the suture and margin : the outline of the vitta is straight,

1854.] 221

rendered irregular internally by two slight and obtuse teeth near the tip ; it is
also prolonged around the apical margin to the suture ; the tip of each elytron
is slightly rounded, and the margin is not serrate.

Melanotus e r r o , nigro-piceus, nitidus, mandibulis fortiter rugosis, thorace
capite cum oculis haud latiore, latitudine fere triplo breviore, postice angustato,
angulis posticis obtusissimis valde rotundatis tenuiter canaliculato, lateribus
rotundatis anguste marginatis, basi utrinque late impresso alutaceo, elytris
ihorace haud latioribus strii3 profundis impunctatis, interstitiis fere planis, an-
itnnis palpis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. -57.

One specimen, " San Diego trip." This species, the second discovered in North
America, is considerably larger than A. scaritides Chaud. [Cratognathus scar.
Perty, Amblynathus niger Gray.) which it otherwise closely resembles in general
characters.

Acilius maculatu s, ovalis, paulo convexus, infra ferrugineus, supra niger
nitidus, capite ante oculos, maculaque transversa verticaii flavis, thorace lateri-
bus fasciaque angusta postice concava ad medium interrupta flavis, elytris mar-
gine maculis tribus annexis, alterisque disci (quarum una ad medium prepe su-
turam multo maior) laete flavis, pedibus anterioribus testaceis. Long. -55.

Fem. striolis a basi ad quadrantem elytri singuii extensis. Mas latet.

One specimen from the Copper mines. In this beautiful species there is a
complete absence of the small anastomosing spots seen in our other native spe-
cies. The ground color above is black with well defined bright yellow spots :
those of the head consist as usual of the anterior part, and the transverse verti-
cal spot, which is emarginate anteriorly. The thorax has the sides broadly yel-
low, and two narrow discoidal spots running obliquely outwards and backwards,
so as to form a fascia concave behind and interrupted at the middle. The spots
of the elytra consist of a yellow margin extending nearly to the tip ; joined to it
are three spots, the first extending from the base almost to the middle, undulated
internally and. suddenly dilated at it3 posterior extremity, as if by the addition
of a small spot ; the second is quadrate and placed about the second third ; the third
is at the tip of the yellow margin and is subtriangular, with the apex directed an-
teriorly : there are besides on each elytron two basal spots, the outer of which is
elongated ; two small quadrate spots at the anterior fourth ; a large rounded one
about the middle and near the suture ; a smaller one still nearer the suture at
the posterior fourth, and a small one very near the apex. A small yellow dot
may be seen between the two basal spots, but is perhaps sometimes wanting:
the surface i3 nearly smooth ; the usual series of punctures are distinct, and
from the middle of the base of each elytron to the large spot are scattered a few
short strise as in the females of other species.

Dineutes integer, oblongo-ovalis dorso convexiusculus, supra niger subaenes-
cens, minus nitidus ; elytris obsolete punctatis tenuiter obsolete striatis, postice
coniunctim rotundato-truncatis, vix undulato-emarginatis, subtus niger, pedibus
posticis picescentibus. Long. -61.

One specimen from the Copper mines. From D. vittatus, which it equals in
size, this species is at once distinguished by the tips of the elytra being conjointly
broadly rounded, so as to leave no apparent angle at the suture.

Stethoxus subsulcatus, elongato-ovalis, convexus, utrinque attenuatus,
olivaceo-niger, nitidus, thorace trapezoideo, latitudine plus duplo breviore lateri-
bus vix rotundatis, basi late emarginato, angulis posticis apice rotundatis, ely-
tris obsolete sulcatis, sulcis utrinque obliteratis, lineisque punctorum solitis
tribus notatis ; antennis palpisque ferruginei3. Long. 1.25, lat. *65.

At Camp 7. Still narrower than S. triangularis (Hydrophilus triangu-
laris Say), and readily distinguished by the broad indistinct furrows of the ely-
tra: the furrow next the suture can hardly be seen.

Plusiotis glorio sa supra leete psittacina, clypeo punctulato margino sub-

222 [December,

tili elevato aureo, thorace scutelloque limbo totoangusto aureo punctulatis, ely-
tris parce punctulatis margine laterali vittisque quatuor irnpressis splendidc
aureis nitidissimis, interstitiis 2 et 3io foveis inauratis confluentibus vittam par-
vam simulaatibus oraatis, subtus aureo-viridis, commissuris omnibus aureis,
mesosterno subito declivi, vix porrecto. Long. -78 -92.

Copper mines and at Camp No. 6. This most splendid species belongs to di-
vision II. of Burmeister, (Lamell. 2, 420), but is very different from any described
by him.

Chalepus obsoletus, piceo-nigra nitida, clypeo punctato, emarginato,
thorace subtilissime reticulata, parce punctato, apice coreo marginato, elytris
striis solitishaud impressis subtiliterpunctatis, interstitiis alternis parce subtiliter
punctatis. Long. -82, lat. -43.

One specimen, " San Diego trip." Larger and proportionally narrower than
C. trachypygus ; the striae of the elytra are merely rows of fine punctures. The
pygidium is polished, sparsely and somewhat finely punctured, with a strongly
impressed line running around its posterior margin.

Polyphylla cavifrons, fusco-ferruginea pube squamulosa pallide fusca
parce vestita, thorace lateribus sulco dorsali plagaque utrinque basali densius
pubescente, sat dense minus subtiliter punctato, clypeo (maris) lateribus oblique
divergentibus, antice truncato valde concavo, elytris sutura vittisque angustis
utrinque tribus densius squamulosis, subtus densius squamulosa, pectoribus lana
longissima tectis, tibiis anticis fortiter 3-dentatis. Long. -88 1-10.

One male found on the San Diego trip and another mutilated one procured by
Mr. Schott on the Rio Grande. Similar in form and size to P. variolosa Har-
ris, but differs in the clypeus being much more concave, and wider at tip than
at base. The lines on the elytra are only moderately distinct, and the short hu-
meral vitta seen in P. 10-lineata is entirely wanting. From all other American
species known, it differs in having the anterior tibiae of the male (and therefore
also of the female) strongly three toothed, thus belonging to Erichson's division
B. (Ins. Deutschl. 659) with the European P. h o 1 o 1 e u c a Er.

Copris mcecha, nigra, clypeo punctato apice subemarginato, (maris cornu
elongato cylindrico armato) thorace punctato, disci medio laevi, canaliculato
(maris antice retuso emarginato et abrupte declivi, lateribus cornu compresso
valde elevato armato, linea solita elevata submarginali, impressioneque trans-
versa laterali notato) elytri3 striis sat profundis subtilius crenatis, interstitiis
laevibus. Long. *7T.

One male from Camp 14. Allied to C. anaglyptica, but differs by the much
more strongly developed horns, the less dense punctuation of the thorax, and
the deeper elytral striae. From a Central American species known in collections
as C. ChevrolatiijDej., it differs by having all the hollows of the thorax strongly
punctured, and by the clypeus being more distinctly emarginate : it is possibly,
however, merely a northern variety of that species.

Ochodaeus simplex, ovalis convexus, ferrugineus, breviter fulvo-setosus,
punctatus, clypeo haud carinato, transversim leviter sulcato, apice subtruncato,
elytris confertim punctatis leviter striatis interstitiis haud elevatis. Long. 25.

One specimen from the Copper mines. Differs from 0. musculus by the
absence of the transverse carina of the vertex, and by the anterior margin of the
clypeus not being elevated : the teeth of the mandibles cannot be seen.

Ochodaeus striatus, oblongo-ovalis, convexus ferrugineus, breviter fulvo-
setosus, punctatus, clypeo antice subtruncato subtiliter marginato, vertice ele-
vato vix transversim carinato, thorace postice canaliculato, elytris parcius punc-
tatis striis crenulatis, interstitiis paulo convexis. Long. -25.

One specimen from Arispe. A little narrower than the preceding, with the
vertex elevated, but forming rather a transverse tubercle than a carina. The
striae of the elytra are moderately deep, and the intersticesare slightly convex and
rather sparsely punctured.

1854.]

223

Chalcolepidius W e b b i i , supra niger, nitidus, subtiliter punctulatus, squamis
minutis viridi-cyaneis conspersus, thoracis lateribus elytrorum basi et lateribus
pabe depressa albida densissime vestitis, antennis fortiter serratis, articulo 2ndo
minuto, 3io sequente baud breviore, elytris striis subtiliter punctatis vix irupressis.
Long. *95 1*4:7.

As a slight testimony of my appreciation of the valuable labors of Dr. Webb
vrhile connected with the Boundary Commission, I have dedicated to him this
very tine species : several specimens were obtained on the journey from San Diego
to El Paso, and also on the San Diego trip. The thorax is about one fourth
longer tran wide, with the sides in the female nearly parallel from the base to
within one fourth of the apex, where they converge obliquely and are slightly
rounded. The posterior angles are very slightly prolonged, and are somewhat
acute, notcarinated. The ecutellum is cordate, wider posteriorly, and emarginate
at each end. The elytra gradually taper from the base, are slightly rounded on
the sides, and suddenly rounded at the tip : the stria: are very faint, and are finely
punctured.

The thorax of the male is more gradually narrowed anteriorly, and the antennse
extend to the posterior fourth of the thorax, while in the female they reach only
to the middle : in both sexes the third joint, though as long, is not as wide as
the fourth.

Chalcolepidius smaragdinus, elongatus niger nitidus, dense subtiliter
punctatus,undique squamulis la?te viridi-aureis dense tectus, antennis pedibusque
cyaneis, illis articulis 2 et 3 minutis, thorace latitudine sesqui longiore lateribus
antice late rotundatis, scutello obovato, elytris striis fere obsoletis subtilius punc-
tatis. Long. -9 1-07.

San Diego trip. -Similar in form to C. viridipilis, but with the thorax much
less suddenly rounded towards the tip: the elytra are also very faintly striate,
and the striee not deeply punctured. The sc*ttellum is not emarginate at either
end.

As in C. viridipilis the antennae of the male are as long as the thorax, and almost
flabellate.

Pelecyphorns r i m a t u s, niger, thorace latitudine duplo breviore disco paulo
convexo subtilius disperse punctato, lateribus magis rotundatis confiuenter rugosis
late depressis, angulis posticis obtusis baud rotundatis, elytris ovatis, thorace vix
latioribus postice declivibus dorso subplanis grossius puuetatis subrugosis,
lateribus acute marginatis, epipleuris parce obsolete punctatis. Long. 1-0.

One specimen from Camp No. 7. This species is very different from any of the
other Asidites of our country, though it approaches the species indicated by me
under the name subcostatus (Proc. Acad. 6, 446) : the elytra are however
more densely and coarsely punctured, and without the three faint ribs seen in
that species. The antennas are shorter than the head and thorax, and moderately
thick, as in P. carinatus, sordidus, &c.

Pelecypborus d i f f o r m i s , niger, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, lateribus
late sensim reflexis, antice rotundatis medio angulatis, dein usque ad basin con-
cavis, basi truncato, angulis posticis fere rectis, disco parcius subtiliter, lateribus
grossius et rugose puLCtatis, elytris thorace vix latioribus, elongato-ovalibus
postice acuminatis, minus profunde scabro-punctatis striis distinctis latis modice
profundis, humeris minutis porrectis, epipleuris subito reflexis. Long. .95.

Santa Cruz, two specimens: in one the thorax is slightly concave transversely,
while in the other the sides are considerably elevated. This species is closely
allied to P. elatus Lee. (Proc. Acad. G, 445) but is smaller and narrower, and
at once distinguished by the distinctly striate elytra: the stria? in the other species
mentioned, if present, are always very faint.

Euschide3 1 i r a t u s , latiusculus ater opacus, minus convexus, supra bre-nter
fiavo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus
rotundatis incrassatis et refiexo-marginatis, angulis anticis acutis, basi truncato,
angulis posticis subrectis, dorso inaequali confertim punctato, medio angustecari-

224 [December,

nato, elytris thorace latioribus, postice declivibus et acuminatis, margine sutura
costisque utrinqne tribus acute elevatis (interna paulo breviore). Long. -6.

San Diego trip, one specimen. Of the form of E. o p a c a ; the marginal costa
extends to the tip of the elytia, the inner discoidal one ceases at one-third, and
the other two at one-fourth from the apex.

Euschides convexicollis , niger nitidus, thorace convexo medio obsolete
ad latera discrete punctulato, lateribus tenuiter marginatis, rotundatis, angulis
omnibus obtusis baud prominulis, basi rotundata, elytris obovatis, lateribus hauj
marginatis, apice valde declivibus et obtuse acuminatis, disperse punctulatis et
parce subtiliter rugosis. Long. -63 -85.

Durango, Chihuahua, Copper Mines, Los Organos, and at Camps 5, 6 and 7.
This species is of the form of E. obovata Lee. (Ann. Lye. 5, 127,) but is very
different by the convexity ot the thorax, which is only very finely margined : the
thorax varies inform, being sometimes nearly one half wider than its length, but
in general the two dimensions are equal. In the male the elytra are one half
wider than the thorax, in the female about twice as wide.

Epitragus submetallicus, piceus seneo-micans, fusco-pubescens, thorace
latitudine vix breviore antrorsum subangustato et lateribus rotundato, basi bi-
sinuata, angulis po3ticis rectis, dorso.parum convexo sat punctato, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus humeris oblique rotundatis, subtilius densius punctatis, punctisque
maioribus obsolete striatis. Long. -66.

San Diego trip, one specimen. Much larger than E. canaliculars, with the
sides of the thorax rounded in front and parallel behind the middle : the outer
striae of the elytra are almost entirely effaced, those near the suture may be dis-
tinguished by the rows of larger punctures. The head is coarsely and thickly
punctured, and inside of the superciliary ridge on each side is a moderately deep
jongitudinal frontal impression.

Cysteodemus cancellatus. Meloe cane. Brandt, and Er. Nov. Act. 16, 141 ;
tab. viii. fig. 9.

Los Organos, Camp 7, and San Diego trip. The variety figured by Erichson
has an unusual amount of red upon the elytra : that color generally forms an
irregular vitta, with diverging and anastomosing branches. It is closely allied
to C. vittatus Lee, but is larger, with the thorax more transverse, and the
elytra more unequal. The back part of the head is frequently of a dull san-
guineous color, and the same variation is also found in C. vittatus.

Lytta atririttata, nigra, subtus pube cinerea fasciata, supra dense
eiaereo-pubesceri-s, capite maculis magnis posticis duabus atris, thorace latitudine
longiore, canalicular, maculis duabus disci magnis atris, lateribus ante medium
rotundatis, elyiris thorace plus sesqui latioribus vittis utrinque duabus latis atris
ad apicem coniunctis, antennis palpis tibiis tarsisque nigris. Long. 1-05.

One male, San Diego trip. This very fine species belongs with L. longicollis and
sublineata, which it equals in size; the antenna? are of a brilliant black, the first
joint extends beyond the occiput, is slender at base, very much curved beyond
the middle, and much compressed and dilated, with a large shallow impretsion
on its anterior face near the apex ; the second joint is thick and obconical ; the
third is two-thirds smaller, and the fourth again larger, so that together they are
longer than the second ; the fifth and following are almost equal in length to the
third and fourth united, and are progressively narrower. The under surface of
the body is black, with all the sutures broadly pubescent with dense cinereous
hair ; the under surface of the femora is also similarly clothed.

Asclera n all i d a, elongata, testacea dense pallide pubescens, thorace obo-
vato capite vix latiore, obsolete canaliculato latitudine paulo longiore, pone
medium arjgust.-Uo, lateribus antice rotundatis postice subsinuatis, elytris paulo
latioribus cyhndricis. lineis utrinque tribus obsoletis densius pubescentibus, anten-
narum articulo lmo 3io paulo longiore. Long. *31 -38.

San Diego trip : the pubescence is so dense as almost to conceal the punctures

1854.] 225

which are moderately fine: the thorax is very faintly impressed each side ante-
riorly, and the sides are somewhat blackish in most specimens.

Asclera c a n a, nigra pube subtili cinereo-cana, thorace rufo, obovato latitudine
longiore, lateribus ante medium rotundatis dein sensim angustato, maculis tribus
anticis infuscatis, dense punctulato, linea angusta dorsali laevi, elytris thorace
latioribus confertissime scabro-punctulatis, lineis tribus subelevatis obsoletis,
sutura densius pubescente: femoribus bast runs. Long. '34.

One specimen, San Diego trip. Allied in form and characters to A. t h o r a-
cica, and, as in that species, the first joint of the antennae is not longer than
the third.

Ripiphorus rufus, rufo-ferrugineus nitidus, capite parce punctulato, occipite
producto obtuse rotundato vix impresso, thorace elytrisque confertim aciculato-
punctatis, illo latitudine fere sesqui longiore, antrorsum sensim angustato, late-
ribus rectis, basi media longius acute lobata, angulis posticis rectis haud pro-
duces ; femoribus tibiisque apice runs. Long. 27.

One female, San Diego trip. The antennae are brown ; the sides of the occiput
converge, and the apex is very obtusely rounded and subtruncate.

Ophryastes val idus. niger (griseo-squamosns ?) breviter parce pubescens,
rostro crasso, basi constricto trisulcato, sulcis lateralibus brevibus profundis
postice dilatatis et convergentibus, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, apice basi-
que fortiter constricto, lateribus dilatatis obliquis, inaequali foveatim punctato,
elytris ovalibus thorace latioribus foveis magnis minus profundis striatim positis
notatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, alternatim sublatioribus. Long. -65.

One specimen, Oct. 20th, (near Chihuahua.) Larger than 0. latirostri"s
Lee. (Proc. Acad. 6, 443) and sufficiently distinct from all the species known.

Ophryastes po r o su s, niger cinereo-squamosus, parce breviter pubescens,
rostro crasso, basi parucu constricto, trisulcato, sulcis externis brevibus dilatatis
vix convergentibus, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, antrorsum angustiore,
utrinque modice constricto, lateribus rotundatis, acute canaliculato, inaequali
sat dense foveato, elytris thorace latioribus rotundato-ovalibus, convexis basi
truncatis striis foveatim punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis. Long. -37.

From the same locality, one specimen. This also differs very materially from
all those heretofore known.

Caelocnemis punctatus niger, subnitidus capite thoraceque sat punctatis,
hoc latitudine non breviore, subquadrato, postice subangustato lateribus rotun-
datis ad basin breviter sinuatis, angulis posticis rectis prominulis, elytris thorace
vix latioribus convexis seriatim punctatis, interstitiis subtiliter <*ugulosis sat
dense punctatis. Long. '83.

One specimen, from Lieut. Beckwith's Collection alontr lat. 38 ; probably
from Utah, as the genus has not heretofore occurred east of California. This
species is more elongated than usual, and differs from all the others known to
me by the thorax being less rounded on the sides and less narrowed behind, so
that it does not present the cordate form seen in C. dilaticollis, &c. The punctures
of the interstices of the elytra are very distinct, and although smaller than those
arranged in the rows, are so dense as to render the striae indistinct.

C. californica Mann, is unknown to me, and from the figure given (Mas.
Zool. 1844) approaches more nearly to this species in form ; the thorax, however,
appears to be more rounded and cordate. The elytra of that species are described
as having nine rows of punctures, while in C. dilaticollis Mann, only
eight rows are mentioned ; the fact is, that in all the species nine rows are seen,
but the marginal row in one description was omitted ; in cases when two species of
the same genus have a different number of striae on the elytra, the change is pro-
duced by some of the striae becoming obsolete, and the situation of the obsolete
striae can always be determined ; no phenomenon of the kind is to be expected
in this genus.

226 [December,

Abstract of a Report to Lieut. James M. Gilliss, U. S. JV"., upon the Reptiles collected
during the U. S. N. Astronomical Expedition to Chili.

By Charles Girard.

BATRACHIANS.

1. Cystignathus TiENiATtrs, G. Vomerine teeth situated a little behind the
inner nares, well separated upon the middle of the palate. Tongue subelliptical,
free posteriorly, and slightly notched upon the same margin. Color greenish
yellow, with two dorsal telackish stripes. Limbs barred above. A dark vitta
upon the sides of the head, extending from the nostrils, across the eye to the
shoulder.

From the neighborhoods of Santiago, Chili.

2. Phyllobates auratus G. Tongue narrow and elongated, free for about
the half or two-thirds of its length. Anterior limbs, when stretched backwards,
reaching the vent with the tip of longest finger. Inferior surface of thighs
granular. Color, above, metallic golden ; beneath, uniform bluish brown.

Collected on the Island of Taboga, in the Bay of Panama, by the late Prof.
C. B. Adams, of Amherst College, Mass.

OPHIDIANS.

3. Elaps nigrocinctus, G. Head subelliptical, broader than the body, which
is long and cylindrical. Tail conical, abruptly tapering from its base. Scales
smooth, disposed upon fifteen rows. Color reddish, annulated with jet black. Tip
of scales blackish. Anterior portion of head black. An occipito-temporal yellowish
ring. Tip of tail black.

From Taboga, Bay of Panama.

4. Dryopetis vittatus, G. Three postorbital plates, two of which constituting
the posterior rim of the orbit, the third being placed behind them. Fifth and
seventh, or fourth, fifth and sixth labials constituting the inferior rim of the orbit.
A black vitta along the upper margin of the upper maxillary plates, extending
posteriorly along a portion of the neck.

From Taboga, Bay of Panama.

5. Tachymenis chilensis, G.Coronella chilensis, Schl. Ess. Phys. Serp. II.
Part, descr. 1837, 30 Guich. in Gay, Hist, de Chile. Zool. II. 1848, 19. Erpet. Lam.
iv. fig. 1. a. b. c. d.Dipsas chilensis, Dum. Mem. Acad. des. Sc. xxiii, 1853, 112 ;
Dum. & B. Erp. gen. VII. i. 1854, 608. Two anteorbitals. Third and fourth
labials constituting the inferior rim of the orbit. Dorsal scales in nineteen rows.
Color olivaceous brown, with crossing lines of black. Beneath yellowish, with
anterior margin of scutellaa black. Two postocular black vittas.

From the neighborhoods of Santiago, Chili.

T^eniophis, G Head depressed and detached from the body, which i3 slender
and subcylindrical. Tail tapering to a point and comparatively short. Cephalic
plates normal. One anteorbital, and two postorbitals. An elongated, quad-
rangular loral. Two nasals, nostrils between them. Eye above the medium
size, situated above the fourth and fifth labials; pupil circular. Mouth deeply
cleft. Scales smooth, disposed upon nineteen longitudinal series. Postabdo-
minal scutella bifid. Subcaudal scutella? all divided. Colors disposed upon
uniform lodgitudinal bands.

Obs. Distinguished from Diadophis, to which it is closely related, by the
presence of one anteorbital plate, instead of two, by a larger number of longi-
tudinal rows of scales, and the distribution of colors.

Besides the species hereafter diagnosed, a second one (T. imperialis, B. & G.,)
an inhabitant of the province of Tamaulipas, Mex., was sent to the Smithsonian
Institution, by Capt. Van Vliet, U. S. A., as collected near Matamoras.

1854.] 227

6 Tjsniophis tantillus, G. Body and 'tail very slender. Head elongated,
and very distinct from the body. Eye proportionally large. A deep chesnut
brown band reigns along the dorsal region ; light brown on the sides. Beneath
greenish or yellowish grey. Upper labials yellowish white, A supercilliary yel-
lowish filet.

From the neighborhood of Santiago, Chili.

SAURIANS.

7. Proctotretcs femoratus, G. Cephalic plates rugose. Auricular aperture
moderate, provided with an arched plate upon its supero-anterior margin, and
one or two conical scales beneath and upon the same anterior margin. One series
of supralabiais. Temporal shields well developed, imbricated and carinated.
Sides of neck with but one inconspicuous fold, and covered with small carinated
scales. Dorsal scales large, carinated, posteriorly acute, and diminishing in size
towards the sides. Abdominal scutellae smooth and entire. Posterior surface
of thighs granular. Tail elongated and slender. Brownish, with two parallel
Sight vittae on either side, and two series of black spots. Abdomen whitish,
unicolor, inferior surface of head, with greyish irregular broken lines.

Collected about Santiago, Chili.

8. Proctotretcs STANTONi, G. Cephalic plates rugose. Auricular aperture
moderate, margined anteriorly with very small scales, one of which larger than
the rest. One series of supralabiais. Temporal shields well developed, sub-
rounded, imbricated and carinated. Sides of neck with one indistinct fold, and
covered with acute and carinated scales, a little smaller than those of the back,
which are large, posteriorly subacute and strongly carinated. Abdominal
scutellss rounded posteriorly and slightly carinated. Posterior surface of thighs
granular. Tail elongated and slender. Ground color deep brown, with a reddish
tint posteriorly ; two parallel vitta? on the sides. Abdomen unicolor, with
metallic reflections.

Caught in the neighborhood of Santiago, Chili.

A List of Pigeons of the genus Carpophaga, SelLy, in, the Collections of tin
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the IT. S. Exploring
Expedition y (Vincennes and PeaeocZ-,) Washington : ivitk (descriptions and no~
tices of new and little known species.

By Joun Cassin.

1. Carpophaga ,enea, (Linn.) Knip and Prevost's Pigeons ii. pi. 3. Briss. Orn.

i pi. 13 fig. 2.

Columba aenea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 283 (1766) Buff. PI. Enl. 164,

Palumbus moluccensis. Briss. Orn. i p. 148.

Carpophaga sylvatica. Tickell, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal ii. p. 581,(1833.)

Bill without frontal process or knob, under coverts of the tail dark chesnut,
Entire head neck and inferior parts light cinerous, more or less tinged with
lilac (or vinaceous). Back, rump w 7 ings and tail fine metallic green, changing to
golden and copper on the back and wings, and to blue on the tail. Under wing
coverts light cinereous.

Founded by Linnaeus on Brisson's description made from specimens in the
cabinet of " M. l'Abbe Aubry," M cau.dam interne tegentes castaneo-purpu-
re^e " (Briss.) No mention made of knob at the base of the upper mandible,
nor is it represented in Brisson's figure.

Ten specimens in Coll. Acad, from Java, Borneo, w Moluccas," and " India."

2. Carpophaga rosacea, (Temm.) PI. col. , r >7S, Knip and Prev. Pigeons,

iii. pi. 34.
Columba rosacea, Temm. PI. col. iv. p. (liv. 98.)

19

Bill without frontal knob, ander tail coverts dark chesnut, tail uniform me-
tallic green. Head and entire under parts very light cinereous with a pale pur-
plish or rosaceus tinge, especially on the head above. Upper parts dark cinere*
<>us with a green metallic lustre.

Nearly allied to C. cenea. One specimen in Coll. Acad, from Timor.

3. Carpophaga rtjfinuchalis, nobis.

No frontal knob, under tail coverts chesnut, tail uniform dark metallic green.

About the size of C. anea, and C. rosacea. Bill moderate, rather slender,
without frontal protuberance, wing moderate, second quill longest, legs mode-
rate or rather Jong, the upper half of the tarsus feathered, toes rather long, pad-
ded and flattened on their under surfaces, hind toe with a row of bristles on
t?ach side of the central row of scales, claws strong curved.

Neck behind with a wide transverse well defined band of glossy chesnut, suc-
ceeded by a narrow band of dark bluish cinereous. Head above light bluish
dnereoas. entire under parts light purplish cinereous (or vinaceous), nearh'
white on the throat and darker on the abdomen. Under coverts of the tail dark
rufous chesnut. Back, upper wing coverts, secondaries, rump, upper tail cov-
erts and tail above brilliant metallic green with golden and copper colored re-
jections. Primaries brownish black with a faint tinge of green. Inferior cov-
erts of the wings pale cinereous. Bill and feet light colored.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) about 14^ inches, wing 9, tail 5i inches,

Hab. Unknown ; spec, in Mus. Acad. Philada.

Obs. One specimen only of this bird is in the collection of the Academy,
and is from the Rivoli collection. It bears some resemblance to the species re-
garded by me a C. tenea, and in a measure resembles the figure given as the fe-
male of that bird in Knip and Prevosf's Pigeons, ii. pi. 4. It resembles also to
.some extent C. rosacea, (Temm). The large and well defined nuchal band dis-
tinguishes the present species from those mentioned and from all others that have
come under my notice.

4. Carpophaga Pickerihgii, nobis.

No frontal knob, under tail coverts light cinereons, tail above dark metallic
green. About the size of the preceding. Bill moderate, rather slender (with-
out frontal protuberance), wing moderate, second and third quills longest an<?
nearly eqwal, tail rather long, containing fourteen feathers, legs moderate, upper
half of the tarsus feathered, lower half presenting in front about three wide
transverse scales, claws strong, flattened laterally, curved.

Under coverts of the tail light cinereous. Entire head and neck and under
parts light purplish cinereous, darker and with the purple most distinct on the
top of the head, the breast and abdomen, the cinereous mingling gradually with
the darker color of the back, which with the rump, wings and tail are dark
ashy brown with a green metallic lustre most brilliant on the tail. Under wing
coverts light cinereous, under surface of the tail light glaucous cinereous. Bih 5
(in dried skin) light ashy blue, feet light.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) about 152 inches, wing 9^, tail 9 inches.

Hab. Mangsi, Sooloo Islands, spec, in coll. Ex. Exp.

Obs. This Pigeon belongs to the same group as C cenea ; it differs in being
rather larger, in having the wings and tail longer, and in having the under tail
coverts light cinereous instead of dark chesnut. From C. lacervulata and C-
hadia it differs in having the tail uniform dark metallic green, with no terminal
bar as in those species. It also somewhat resembles C. cineracea? but differs in
having longer wings and in having the head above and neck behind light cine-
reous instead of dark cinereous.

The only specimens of this species that we have seen are in the fine ornithologi-
cal collection made by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, (Vincennes and Pea-
cock) now in the National Museum, Washington city.

1 dedicate this bird, as a slight testimony of respect, to Charles Pickering,
M. D., one of the Naturalists of the Exploring Expedition, who, in addition to the
materials for his valuable volumes, has, in his manuscript notes, now in my po-
session, made important contributions to Ornithology.

1854.] 229

5. Carpophaga cineracea, (Temm.) PI. col. 563.

Columba cineracea, Temm. PI. col. iv. p. (liv. 9/5).

No frontal knob, under tail coverts light tawny, tail uniform ashy black.

Head above and entire upper parts cinereous brown, under parts vinaceous,
darker on the breast and lighter on the abdomen and ventral region.

Perhaps not of this genus. Two spec, in coll. Acad, from Timor.

9. Carpophaga badia, (Raffles,) Temm. PI. col. 165, Knip and Prev. Pig. iii.
pi. 37.

Columba badia, Raff. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 317, (1822).

Columba capistrata, Temm. Pi. col. iv. p. (liv. 28, about 1821).

Ducula insignis, Hodgson, As. Res. xix. p. 162 (1836).

Carpophaga cuprea. Jerdon, Madr. Jour. 1840 p. 12

No fronal knob, under tail coverts light tawny, tail ashy black, widely tipped
with (or with its terminal one fourth) light cinereous. Head above pale cine-
reous, throat white, neck behind and under parts light vinaceous. Back, rump,
and wing coverts dark ashy brown, in many specimens tinged with rufous ches-
nut (or bay). Under wing coverts dark cinereous.

Five specimens in Coll. Acad, from India.

7. Carpophaga lacernulata, (Temm.) PI. col. 164.
Columba lacernulata. Temm. PI. col. iv. p. (liv. 2S).

No frontal knob, under tailcoverts dark chesnut, tail ashy black, widely tipped
with light cinereous (or with its terminal one fourth, light ashy). Head above
cinereous, throat rufous, under parts light vinaceous. Upper parts dark ashy
brown, with a faint green lustre.

Allied to the species immediately preceding. Two spec, in Coll. Acad, from
Java.

8. Carpophaga oceanica, (Lesson), Voy. Coqui!le,pl. 41, Knip and Prev. iii

pi. 24.

Columba oceanica, Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. i. p. 708 (1S26).

Columba pacifica, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 777 (1788) ?

With a frontal knob, lower part of the abdomen, tibiae, ventral region and un-
der tail coverts bright rufous. Throat white, head above, neck and breast cine-
leous, darker on the former. Upper parts of the body, wings and tail dark me-
tallic green, under wing coverts dark brownish cinereous.

A distinct and well marked species. One spec, in Coll. Acad.

9. Carpophaga globicera, Forst. Desc. An. p. 166, (1844).

Male with a large frontal knob, under tail coverts chesnut, tail dark metallic
green. Head above and neck behind light ashy, nearly white at the base of the
bill. Entire under parts dark vinaceous, upper parts of the body, wins and
tail dark metallic green, under wing coverts brownish black. Female without
frontal knob, and with all the colors paler.

Quite distinct from the preceding: ( C. oceanica), and from all other species
known to me. Well described by Forster as cited above. Of this remarkable
species two specimens are in the collection of the U. S. Exp. Exp., Vincennes
and Peacock.

10. Carpophaga latrans, Peale, Zool. U. S. Ex. Exp. Vincennes, Birds p.

206, (first edition, 1S48).

No frontal knob, under tail coverts tawny, tail above dark glossy liver brown.
Head, neck, and entire under parts dark vinaceous, more clearly ashy on the
neck behind, upper parts of the body and wings dark ashy brown, under wing
coverts and inner edges of quills bright rufous.

Of this fine species one specimen is in the collection of the Academy and is la-
belled as from New Guinea. Two specimens in the collection of the Ex. Exp.
are from the Feejee Islands. It apparently is allied to Columba Mayer i, Pre-
vost, (Pigeons iii. pi. 60).

230 [December,

11. Carpophaga perspicillata, (Temm.) PI. col. 246.
Columba perspicillata, Temm., PI. col. iv. p. (liv. 42).

Columba myristicivora, Scopoli, Flor. et Faun. Insub. p. 94? Sonn. Voy.
iii. pi. 102?

No frontal knob, but with the membranes of the nostrils large, under tail
coverts light ashy, slightly tinged with rufous. With a frontal band of white
and a ring of white around the eye, head above and neck dark ashy brown, paler
on the neck in front, under parts ashy white. Upper parts of the body and
wings dark metallic green.

Two specimens in Coll. Acad, labelled in Europe as from the "Molucsas." It is
quite probable that this is the Colvmba myristicivora, Scopoli, and that the
large membrane of the nostril is intended to be represented in Sonnerat's plate.

12. Carpophaga AURORiE, Peale, Zool. L T . S. Ex. Exp., Vincennes, p. 201,

(first edition, 1848).

With a large frontal knob, under tail covprts dark plumbeous glossed with
metallic green, tail above uniform dark metallic blue. Head, neck and under
parts of the body light cinereous, nearly white on the former. Upper parts of
the body and wings dark metallic blue, changing to green in some lights, under
wing coverts dark lead color.

This handsome bird is allied to the preceding (C. perspicillata,) but is quite
distinct. Several specimens in the Coll. Ex. Exp. are from the Society Islands.

13. Carpophaga pinon, (Quoy and Gaimard), Voy. Uranie, Ois. pi. 28.
Columba pinon, Quoy andGaim. Voy. Uranie, Zool. i. p. 118, (1824).

No frontal knob, large bare space around the eye, abdomen and under tail
coverts maronne, tail ashy black with a white subterminal band. Head above,
back, rump and wings light cinereous, scapulars black. Neck before and behind
and breast light vmaceous. Bare space around the eye encircled with white.

One specimen in the Coll. Acad, without, label indicating locality.

14. Carpophaga Wilkesii, Peale, Zool. U. S. Ex. Exp., Vincennes, p. 203,

(first edition, 1848).

Columba Forsteri, Wagler, Isis, 1829, p. 739.

Bill with a frontal elevation, under tail coverts dark plumbeous, glossed with
metallic green, tail uniform dark metallic green changing to blue. Head, neck,
and entire under parts dark plumbeous, nearly black on the former, upper parts*
of the body and wings dark metallic green changing to blue in some lights, un-
der wing coverts dark metallic green.

We regard it as possible that this fine species may be the same as named by
Wagler as above and described by Forster in Des. An. as a variety of his C
globice.ra. The under tail coverts are represented by both these authors as fer-
rugineous, which is not the case in the present bird, and there are other differ-
ences, especially the greater size of the species now before us.

Two specimens in the Coll. Ex. Exp. are from Tahiti.

15. Carpophaga lepida, nobis. Voy. Uranie, Atlas Zool. Ois. pi. 29 ?

Bill with a lariie frontal protuberance which includes the apertures of the
nostrils; wing moderate, second quill longest; tail rather short, composed of
twelve feathers, under tail coverts nearly as long as the tail. Legs short ; tar-
sus feathered for half its length, thick ; toes rather long, padded and flattened
on their under surfaces; claws strong, curved-
Frontal protuberances (at the base of the upper mandible) yellow. Entire
hea.d, neck, breast and abdomen light purplish cinereous, (or light vinaceous,)
changing to light cinereous on the back of the neck, where it joins the color of
:he back, and becoming darker and clearer vinaceous on the breast and abdo-
men. Back, upper wing coverts, secondary quills, rump and upper tail coverts
brilliant metallic green, with golden and copper colored reflections. Primary
quills and tail feathers brilliant metallic blue, the outer edges of the former and
both edges of the latter changing to green. Ventral region, under tail coverts

1854.]

281

and tibiae reddish chestnut color: short feathers of the tarsi cinereous. Inferior
coverts of the wing light cinereous. Bill dark ; feet light?

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) about 15^ inches ; wing 8 ; tail 5 inches.

Hab. Northern Australia? Specimen in Mus. Acad. Philada.

Obs. The only specimen of this splendid bird that we have ever seen is that
above described, and which is one of the many highly valuable contributions to the
Museum of the Academy, made by Mr. Edward Wilson. It was obtained by
him in Europe, and bears a label only indicating the locality, as we have given
it above. It may be the species figured in Voy. Uranie, and regarded by Quoy
and Gaimard as Carpophaga cenea. ,

16. Carpophaga nov,ezealandi/, (Gmelin.) Knip and Prev. Pig. ii. pi. 1.
Columba novae zealandiae, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 773 (1788.)

Columba zealandica et spadicea, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 603 and Supp. p. 60.

Columba argetraea, Forst. Desc. An. p. 80, (1844.)

No frontal knob ; head, neck, breast and upper parts of the body, wings and
tail, beautiful metallic green, changing to golden and cupreous in some lights.
Under parts of the body and under tail and wing coverts white, the latter (under
wing coverts) tinged with ashy.

Numerous specimens of this magnificent Pigeon are in the Coll. Acad., from
various localities. I can detect no specific difference between those from
New Zealand and from elsewhere.

17. Carpophaga Forsterii, (Prevost.) Knip and Prevost's Pigeons, iii.pl. 47.
Columba Forsterii, Prevost. Knip and Prevost's Pigeons, iii. p. 87 (1834 ?)
Carpophaga poliocephala. G. R. Gray, Genera of Birds, ii. pi. 119 ?

Head ashy white, paler on the throat ; under tail coverts chestnut. Entire
upper parts, neck before and breast, fine metallic green, changing to golden and
cupreous on the neck behind and back; abdomen white tinged with rufous ; tail
above metallic green, with a wide transverse band of ashy white.

Of this splendid species I have doubts respecting the correct name, Columba
Forsterii having been previously applied to other birds of this famil)*. It is,
however, very probably Carpophaga poliocephala, as cited above.

Two specimens in the Coll. Acad, are from the Celebes.

18. Carpophaga magnifica (Temm.) PI. Col. 163. Knip and Prev. Pig. iii.pl.
25. Gould B. of Aust. v. pi. 58.

Columba magnifica, Temm. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 125.

Head pale cinereous; entire upper parts of the body, wings and tail green,
tinged with yellow on the back; greater wing coverts with large spots of yellow,
wide medial portion of the under parts fine dark purple ; ventral region and under
tail coverts dark gamboge yellow. Under wing coverts yellow.

Numerous specimens of this beautiful species are in the Coll. Acad, and of
the Ex. Exp., all of which are from Australia.

19. Carpophaga pcella, (Lesson.) Knip and Prev. Pigeons, iii. pi. 1.
Columba puella, Less. Bullet. Sci. Nat. 1827, p. 400. Voy. Coquille Zool.

i. p. 711.

Carpophaga assimilis, Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, p. 201.

Similar to the preceding (C magnifica) in colors, but is much smaller in size.
Head not so clear cinereous; back less tinged with yellow.

Numerous specimens from Australia are in the Coll. Acad.

20. Carpophaga luctuosa, (Temm.) PI. Col. 247. Gould B. of Aust. v. pi.

60. Knip and Prev. Pig. iii. pi. 40.

Columba luctuosa, Temm. PI. Col. iv. p. (liv. 42.)

No frontal knob. Entire plumage of the head and body white, in some speci-
mens with a faint yellowish cast. Tail white, with a wide terminal band of
black tinged with ashy; quills ashy black, lighter on the secondaries, which are
edged with pure black ; tertiaries ashy black. Plumage of the ventral region
tipped with black.

Numerous specimens in Coll. Acad, from Australia.

232 [December,

21. Carpophaga bicolor, (Scopoli.) Sonnerat's Voy. iii. pi. 103. Knip and
Prev. fig. ii. pi. 7.

Columba bicolor, Scop. Flor. et Faun. Insub. ii. p. 94 (1786.)

Columba alba, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 780 (1788.)

Columba littoralis, Temm. Hist. Nat. Pigeons, p. 7.

Carpophaga casta, Peale. Zool. U. S. Ex. Exp. Vincennes, Birds, p. 204 (first
edition, 1848.)

No frontal knob. Entire plumage of tbe bead and body white. Tail white,
with a wide terminal band of black ; primary and secondary quills black, faintly
tinged with ashy ; tertiaries white. Resembles the preceding, but is rather
smaller and without the black markings on the ventral region.

Of this beautiful bird several specimens are in the Coll. Acad, and are labelled
as from Ambrina. One specimen in Coll. Ex. Exp. is from the Sooloo Islands.

22. Carpophaga norfolciensis (Lath.) Temm. PI. Col. 186. Gould B.of Aust.
v. pi. 59.

Columba norfolciensis, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 60.

Columba leucomela, Temm. PI. Col. iv. p. (liv. 32.) Knip and Prev. Pig.
iii. pi. 28.

No frontal knob, but with the membranes of the nostrils large. Head, neck
and wide medial portion of the under parts white, in many specimens tinged with
dull yellowish. Upper parts of the body, wings and tail brownish black, tinged
ashy; plumage of the back, rump, upper tail coverts and upper wing coverts
tipped with metallic purple ; sides, flanks and under tail coverts dark cinereous
mixed with dull yellowish. Other specimens, apparently young, with the head,
neck and under parts mixed with light brown, which predominates on the abdo-
men.

Numerous specimens in Coll. Acad, from Australia.

There are in the collection of the Academy various other species that have
been included in the genus Carpophaga by authors, but the above are those only
of which I have seen specimens, and which appear properly to belong to it.

Colurnba gidaris, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astrolabe, Ois pi. 29, which is in the
Coll. Acad., is a JPtilinopus, Columba vitieksis, of the same authors, Voy.
Ast. Ois. pi. 28, of which the adult is in the Coll. Acad., (the young bird being
represented in the plate in Voy. Ast.) is more properly a true Columba.

In the above list I have stated the presence or absence of the frontal knob or
protuberance, which appears to be characteristic of some species, but not with-
out suspicion that its presence, or at least its size, may depend on season, and
may then be sexual only and confined to the male birds. It has to me much
the appearance of an appendage indicative of the season of courtship, and its true
value as a character is an interesting problem.

The species above alluded to, of which the specimens are in the collection of
the Exploring Expedition, will be figured in the Atlas to the volume on the
Quadrupeds and Birds of that Expedition, which I am preparing, and which will
be published during the ensuing year.

Ilerrerite, identical with Smithsontie.

By Dr. F. A. Genth.

When Herrera described an apple green mineral from Albarradon in Mexico-
having a distinct cleavage parallel with the planes of a rhombohedron, as a com-
bination of 55 58 p. c. of tellurium, 12.32 p. c. of sesquioxide of nickel and
31.86 op. of carbonic acid, all mineralogists, who were conversant with the
laws of chemical combination, considered it as nothing more than a mechanical
mixture, though the description appears to have been that of a simple substance.
Afterwards, Del Rio pronounced it " carbonate of zinc, with some nickel and
cobalt," and this being a very probable composition, which also answers ver} r
well to the physical properties, it was generally considered aSmithsonite, though,

1854.] 23S

(no other examination having been made of it.) as doubtful. I received, through the
kindness of Dr. J. L. Le Conte, a genuine and perfectly pure piece of the mineral,
which I have carefully examined. The physical properties of it agree very well
with those given by Herrera ; with regard to its chemical composition, Herrera
has the merit of having correctly discovered in it the presence of carbonic acid ;
Del Rio, that of having found in it the oxide of zinc. With regard to the other
constituents, both were mistaken. A qualitative analysis has shown that this
mineral contains carbonic acid, oxide of zinc, oxide of copper, oxide of man-
ganese, magnesia and lime, but no traces of any other substance. The quanti-
tative analysis was made with the usual methods.

B. B. in a tube it blackens and does not give any " sublimate, which condenses
in transparent drops," (as Herrera stated,) but none at all. Upon charcoal in the
R. F. it blackens, and covers it with white incrustations, having a steel-blue
margin, which are yellow as long as hot ; and which, when moistened with
cobalt solution and re heated, become green. The mineral itself does not become
green, but brownish black ; and after having received a good reducing heat, it
shows under the magnifier, and when powdered in an agate mortnr, metallic
copper. With borax, it gives distinctly the copper reactions. Dissolves in acids
slowly, with effervescence. After weighing, I have carefully examined all the
separated substances for their purity, but neither traces of tellurium, nor those of
cobalt and nickel, could be detected.

0.6226 grs. of the mineral gave:

0.3783 grs. of oxide of zinc, or . . . 60.76 p. c. Zn ;

0.0137 " " oxide of copper, or . . 2.20 " Cu O ;

0.0062 " " protosesquioxide of manganese, or 0.93 " Mn O ;

0.0025 " " pyrophosphate of magnesia, or 0.14 " Mg O ;

0.0092 " carbonate of lime, or . . 0.83 Ca O.

Herrerite is, therefore, nothing else but a cupreous Smithsonite, and its com-
position the following:

Carbonate of zinc,

copper,
manganese,
magnesia,
u lime.

ei u

a u

93.74 per cent,
3.42 "

1.50 "
0.29 "
1.48 "

100.43

Chemical Notices.

"By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph. D., M. D.

On the occurrence of Gold near Reading. In a paper upon the occurrence
of gold in Pennsylvania, read before the American Philosophical Society, and
published in vol. x. of their Transactions, 1 alluded to an auriferous quartz in
the neighborhood of Reading, Pa., and the examination of which afforded me
slight, through uncertain traces of gold. I stated at the close of the article, that " I
had no doubt that a more careful examination of the rocks in the vicinity, would
yield affirmative results in an examination for this metal." The views then expressed
have proved to be correct. Last summer, Mr. Philipps, a mining geologist, in
searching for iron ore on the farm of Mr. Entlicb, a few miles eastward from
Reading, and of Mr. Jonathan Deininger, about a mile from the same place on
the western slope of Penn's Mount, detected gold by washing specimens of the
ferruginous quartz. I called upon Mr. Deininger, who showed me the specimens
in his possession, and gave me some of the quartz rock from his farm. Mr. I ein-
inger showed me a specimen of gold, in weight I should judge between one and
five centigrammes, which was broken by himself out of the rock.

234 [December,

I have noticed tbis quarts scattered over the ground m various parts of
Berks county, some specimens bearing very strong gold characteristics; they are
partially water worn, but the angles are moderately sharp on breaking them
open the enclosed masses of dark oxide of iron a?e apparent.

At the angle formed by the intersection of 8th and 9th streets, Reading, there
3 a heap of stones gathered from the adjoining fields, containing about two per
cent, of pieces of this quartz rock ; I brought home specimens with me for ex-
amination. These specimens, together with those obtained from Mr. Deininger's
field by myself, were pulverized and washed, but without, in any instance, detect-
ing gold. They were then smelted with litharge and charcoal, and the button
of lead cupelled. Of course, the litharge was examined for gold. The 30 gramme
button of lead from about 100 of litharge gave a silver button of 0.00575 grms.,
and which contained no gold.

A. 8th street quartz 65 grammes -f- 13-0 litharge -J- 10 black flux gave a lead
button of 14 grms., and silver 0.0075, which contained gold beyond a doubt, as
judged from its lustre and resistance to nitric acid,

B. Another portion of quartz from the same locality 20t) grms 4- 400 lithrage
-f- 0.5 charcoal dust, gave lead IT grms. ; silver 0.008 7 5 containing gold,, though
not as distinctly as the last.

C> Quartz from Mr. Deininger's fields 185 grms. + 370 litharge -j- 0.5 charcoal
gave 20 grms, of lead containing 0.00825 silver, in which no gold could be detected.

On the Incineration of Filters in Analysis. In order to burn off the filters from
eertain precipitates i.i quantitative analysis, considerable pa-tienee is required
and loss of time involved,, owing to the presence of salts in the pores of
the filter. Fresenius, in his last edition of Quantitative Analysis, counsels patience
in such cases, and to facilitate the combustion by pressing tne filter against
the hot crucible by a platinum wire. I have found it advantageous, in such cases,
to use oxygen gas, as is done in some of the methods for preparing ashes of plants
for analysis. The results are good, and none of the contents of the crucible are
lost. The phosphate of magnesia-ammonia filter is thus burned off in quite a
short time, and without any loss of phosphoric acid. After the filter is car-
bonized, the lid is partially removed from the upright crucible, and a tube (plati-
num I use, but glass will do nearly as well,) with an orifice of one mm. in
diameter, delivers oxygen gas from a small vulcanized caoutchouc bag, so slowly
that it miugles with the air in the crucible and effects the combination quietly,
A crucible appears to be in the worst position possible for oxidation in the
manner in which it is situated in the flame, for the rising air currents are un-
favorable for combustion in the bottom of the crucible, and the air which does
enter is diluted with the products of combustion. Though this may be par-
tially improved by an inclined position of the crucible and lid, it is not obviated ,
and oxygen gas seems to afford a remedy with less risk than nitrate of ammonia.*
1 have not yet found any objection to its use from practice, and pure oxygen is
so readily obtained from the commercial chlorate of potassa by using the wash
bottles described in my article on " organic analysis by gas," and keeps so well
in vulcanized caoutchouc bags that I would recommend it to a trial.

Apparatus for the Analysis of Carbonates. Both in Fresenius' late edition
of Analysis and in Rose's greater work are described apparatus for the de-
termination of carbonic acid by Fresenius' and Wills' process, using fine
balances. About a year and a half ago I described, in the Journal of the
Franklin Institute, a very convenient apparatus for this purpose, which
as it appears not to have come to the notice of chemists generally, and
as those of my chemical friends who have tried it have approved of it, I
will here shortly describe.

* Schultze (Fresenius' Anal.) proposes to burn filters and plant ashes by
creating an air current over the crucible by means of a broken retort neck,
j- Franklin Inst. Jour., Aug., 1854, page 107.

1854.]

The accompanying figure, which is of the natural size, will explain itself;
the part E B D is the drying apparatus, containing sulphuric acid and is of one
piece, the tube E being melted into the flask B. In making this part of the
apparatus I think it preferable to join E to A before blowing the bulb. The
apparatus which I made myself in this way, and with which I experimented, re-
mained sound, while of a dozen made by a professional gentleman, joining E
and B after the bulb was blown, six cracked at the joint. The carbonate
is placed in A with water, and C, with a wax stopper, contains hydrochloric
acid in case of insoluble sulphates, or is empty when the oil of vitriol of
B is employed to effect the decomposition. The tightness of the joints
is ascertained and the analysis carried on as in Fresenius and Wills' appa-
ratus. The lead glass apparatus which I constructed myself weighed, empty,
36 grammes, and when charged for analysis and with much sulphuric acid
weighed, together with the chloride of calcium tube-hook of Oertling's
balance which it fits, between 50 and 60 grammes. An apparatus of Ger-
man glass, made by a glass blower, weighed, with its cork and empty, 20 grms.
This apparatus unites lightness with great strength, which is at once
felt on handling the apparatus, which arises from the nature of the joint of
E with B, and from the construction of the decomposition flask A which allows
E to be made of a piece of stout tube. In its construction it is simpler than aay
that I have seen, not excepting Geissler's (Jour. f. pr., ch. LX., 35,) which has
one more joint, and that a ground glass one. A being entirely separate may be
washed and dried ready for a fresh analysis in a couple of minutes ; the sulphuric
acid in B will generally last for two analyses, and is ver} r easily emptied and re-
plenished. A small sucking tube with perforated cork fitting the capillary end
of the tube D, is used to bring acid on the carbonate, to draw air through at the
close of the analysis, and to fill and empty B with oil of vitriol. The joints are
the firmest possible in this apparatus, and the connections easily made, owing
to single tubes passing through the two cork3, which corks being very small
may readily be obtained of perfect quality. I have not found any error to arise
from the hygroscopic nature of the corks ; but if such be feared, it is easy to coat
their outsides with sealing wax varnish. The following are the experimental
results with the apparatus :

About one gramme of perfectly pure (tested) carbonate of soda yielded, in

236 [December,

two experiments, a per cen'age of carbonic acid 41.42 and 41.35, which differ
0.07 from each other, and the mean 41.38 differs 0.01 from the theoretical per
centage 41.37, sodium being taken at 23.178.

Carbonate of lime, (precipitated commercial,) which contained sulphate and
iron, gave the following results, the carbonic acid being evolved by nitric:

0.G3025 and 0.61625 grammes gave a per centage of carbonic acid = 41.65
and 41.70, difference 0.05. The theory for pure carbonate of lime requires
43.88.

In order to ascertain the error by evolving the carbonic acid from lime by
sulphuric acid, two more experiments gave 38.79 and 39.17 carbonic acid.

In order to ascertain whether the carbonic acid remaining in the flask A
could be expelled with a moderate boiling and thus obviate the necessity of the
air tube C, three analyses were made with pure carbonate of soda (the same
used as above) which gave the following results : 0.83, 0.859 and 1.0193
grammes gave a per centuge of carbonic acid 40.93, 40.34 and 40.49.

Rectification of Mr. T. A. Conrad's " Synopsis of the Family of Nuades of North
America" published in the "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, February, 1853."

By Isaac Lea.

On my return home a few weeks since from a long absence in Europe, I found,
when looking over the Proceedings of the Academy, a new Synopsis of the
North American Naiades by Mr. Conrad.*

Finding in it numerous errors in regard to the dates of my memoirs and the
fynonomy of my species, I desire that the correction of part at least of these
errors may reach the scientific public by the same channel. I think it will be
difficult for anyone to understand how so many errors of dates, &c. could have been
written down. I had hoped that the day had gone by among us here, when any
other object than the true interests of science should have existed. It has been
very painful for me to be called upon, as I am, to defend my scientific labors
from an attempt to deprive me of much of that which I have won by pa-
tient labor and continued assiduity for so many years, and must protest against;
the recognition of the incorrect dates which I shall point out to the satisfaction,
T trust, of every man of science who takes any interest in the study of this
branch of Natural History.

I do not mean to correct the synonomy of this Synopsis, but I trust to satisfy
every one, that it can be of no value whatever where theda'es are so erroneously
stated. For myself, I shall rest until I have further light on the synonomy of
my Synopsis of this Family published in 1852, -which I believe will be found in
the main to be correct. It certainly was my intention to do justice to every
naturalist, and whenever I shall be shown not to have done so I will most will-
ingly make reparation.

Mr. Conrad commences his Synopsis by 6aying, " The present attempt to give
a synonomy of the North American Nuiades, has originated from the absence of
dates and references in Mr. Lea's memoirs. To render strict justice to every au-
thor according to date of publi< ation, is not only the duty of the naturalist, but
a necessity of science." (Vol. 6, page 243.)

If it were true that my memoirs were without " dates and references," and
the truism of the duty of naturalists to render justice was complied with by
the author, there would have been no occasion for me to trouble the Academy with
a rectification. He usually takes the date of the title of the Volume of the Trans-
actions of the American Philosophical Societv, where the species may have been
described, while the volumes published by the Society, as they are almost univer-
sally by all scientific bodies, were realty issued in parts at different times and gene-
rally in three parts. Thus when part first of any volume was issued, the Society
distributed copies immediately to their subscribers and to all the principal socie-

Vol. 6, p. 243, Feb. 8, 1853.

1854.] 237

ties in Europe and in this country ; and, when I have had in such part a memoir,
1 had two hundred and fifty copies printed for my own use, one hundred and
fifty of which I at once distributed at heme and abroad where I thought they
might be useful to science. When part second of the same volume may have
been printed, the same process took place, and when part third was ready, it took
the same course, with this addition, viz. a title page for the whole volume was
printed for the convenience of those who might choose to have their three parts
bound into a volume, and this title bore the date of the last part. Thus most
of these copies of my descriptions with figures, may have been in the hands of
the Zoologists of Europe and America for two or three years prior to the date
at which Mr. Conrad has stated them as being published. In addition, he usually
pays no regard to the dates of my descriptions printed in the Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society or otherwise, prior to their subsequent issue in
the Transactions. Thus on the 18th August, 1843, I read a number of descrip-
tions before that Society and permission was granted to me to print them at
once. The following day, Aug. 19th, these descriptions were printed and circu-
lated. Now Mr. Conrad in his synopsis dates these as published in 1846 !*
three years aftar they were actually issued printed. The rule, however, which
the author says he will adopt of taking the date of the whole volume, when the
da f e of publication of each species cannot be otherwise obtained, is not always
followed, for the date in the title page of Vol. 3d is 1830, while the following
species described in this volume, U. occidens, U. rubiginosus, U. mulliradiaius, and U.
securis, he date3 in 1832, and U. helerodon,\ in the same memoir, he dates 1833; thus
species described and printed in (he same memoir, are by him often dated in different
years.

The question as to fixing with precision the date of discovery of a new form,
has been one of anxiety and doubt among men of science. For myself I have
never felt satisfied that it was judicious to make any change in the long received
rule of permanently fixing the date of publication! to be that, when the paper
was read before and deposited with the officers of a learned Society, with a view
to printing. Receiving as authority the dates issued by individuals in publica-
tions is exceedingly dangerous. There may be antedates, and these can rarely
be detected. In the case of a deposit of a paper with a learned society, in-
tended for publication, and a record being made of it at the time, there cannot
be any probability by collusion of the officers to make a change.

As much of Mr. Conrad's Synopsis involves the names and claims of Mr. Rafin-
esque, it becomes necessary to say something in explanation of my having in my
papers adopted but few of his names. It has been asserted that I wished to de-
prive this unfortunate naturalist of the credit of his labors. This I must deny.
I believe I was the very first writer who, coming into this field of inquiry, showed
a desire to do him justice. When I commenced, in 1827, the series of papers
which has grown since to many volumes, I did not find a single species credited
to Rafiuesque by Mr. Say or Mr. Barnes; but my friends, Dr. Griffith, Mr. Hyde,
Mr. Peale, Dr. Green and Mr. Stewart, all my predecessors, thought they could
recognise, probably, three or four of his species. In 1831. Professors Short and
ISaton, of Transylvania Medical College, Lexington, published in the Transylvania
Journal of Medicine a descriptive catalogue of the Naiades then known to them t
having collected quantities of them in Kentucky, Ohio, &c. As Mr. Rafiuesque
had been a professor in the same college, they very naturally desired to give him
all they could identify, and out of thirty-five species in their list, Mr. Rafinesque

* These are U. Buckleyi, U. Buddianus, U. minor, U. amygdalus, U. fuscatus
and U. negUctus.

f Read before the American Phil. Soc. Mar. Gth, 1829.

\ Publication does not necessarily mean printing and issuing a notice of a fact
or a discovery. Dr. Webster says, that publication is a "notification either by
words, writing, or printing," and Johnson defines it "the act of notifying to the
wor;d."

238 [December,

has but six given to him, viz: mytiloides, torulosus, metanever, torsus, iriqueler and
scalenius, the first, fourth and sixth of which Mr. Conrad now rejects.*

I went to the task of examination with the sincerest desire of making out as
many as possible of Rafinesque's species ; and having his original work before me,
went over it carefully four different times, but with nearly the same result as my
predecessors. I gave it up in despair, and lost my labor ; and I think I shall
show further on, that Mr. Conrad himself affords the test evidence of the utter
impossibility of satisfactorily fixing Mr. Rafinesque's species. It is now thirty-
four years since he published his memoirs, and for nineteen years Mr. Conrad
has had the advantage of having shells labelled by, he says, Mr. Rafinesque him-
self, f A single species, the TJnio triangularis Raf. of Mr. Conrad's Synopsis of 1834,
with its synonyms, will convince any unprejudiced person of the impossibility of
the attempt made to establish Mr. Ra6nesque's species. J

Dr. Griffith, Mr. Hyde and Mr. Peale have often told me that Mr. Say would
not listen for a moment to such an idea as giving any regard to his species, and
the works of Mr. Say fully justify this fact by the total absence of any re-
cognition of his authority for a single species, until some fourteen years after Mr.
Rafinesque's publication, he was induced to make his "Synonymy of the Western,
North American species of the genera Unio and Alasmodonta," recognising
many of the species of Rafinesque, and denying to me a single one.

The feeling of the western conchologists was almost universally against the at-
tempt to introduce Rafinesque's names, and most of those who had studied these
shells, and written on them, or were writing on the subject, addressed me on the
occasion, in utter despair of making them out.||

The principal conchologists of Ohio, in April, 1836, agreed to form " a list to
be adopted by western conchologists," and after consulting together on the sub-
ject, a manuscript list was sent to me by Judge Tappan, containing 112 species of
Uniones, three only of which are given to Rafinesque. In August following, they
more maturely considered the subject, and agreed to the nomenclature of a list
in which a single species only is credited to him, and this with a mark of doubt.
In a letter to me from Prof. Kirtland when he undertook the Zoological portion
of the Ohio State Survey, he says, "I am particularly pleased with your arrange-
ment of the Naiades \ It is altogether preferable to anything of the kind that
has ever come before the scientific public, and will bear the test of the closest
scrutiny and the severest criticism." * * * "I was unwilling to complete my
report on our conchology until I could avail myself of the information which it
contained. I shall adopt your names and arrangement with hardly an alteration."
When this important State Report came out in 1838, in the whole list of nearly one
hundred species of the family JYa'iades, there were but two accredited to Rafines-
que, viz : metanever and mytiloides, the latter of which Mr. Conrad does not admit
as a species in his Synopsis, but now declares it to be a synonym to clavus Lam.
Notwithstanding the decisions of the ablest of the western zoologists, there was
still an attempt to substitute by "guessing," the names of Rafinesque. This induced

*Mr. Poulson says in the preface of his translation, (Oct. 1831,) that but four
of Rafinesque's species were "known by his names, either in the works of Ameri-
can authors or in our collections."

fThis was done some twelve years after the descriptions were published, and
at a time when I believe no one in any branch of science considered him as re-
liable authority. He had been, according to Dr. Binney, in a "diseased state of
mind " for thirteen years. I believe no one pretends to say that the original
Specimens described by Rafinesque are in existence

JSee further on the numerous changes made by Mr. Conrad in the position of
this name and its abandonment at last.

|| Dr. Kirtland, Mr. Buchanan, Dr. Ward. Dr. Hildreth, Judge Tappan, Mr.
Clark and some others. See Asa Gray's account of Rafinesque's Botanical Writ-
ings, (Sill. Journ., 1841,) where he says that " half his genera and species do not
exist at present," and that he described in "Natural History style, twelve new
species of thunder and lightning."

\ Alluding to my Synopsis of the family Naiades, 1836, first edition.

1854.] 239

the members of the "Western Academy of Natural Sciences of Cincinnati," in
January, 1849, to review the subject, with an intention of settling this matter of
nomenclature. With that Society there could be no partialities, there could be
no reason for favoritism, any more than with the Reporter of the State, or the
other zoologists who had devoted so many years to the study of these interesting
molluscs. They went to the task with no other object than to " render strict
justice to every author." The result was published in a small work, "Catalogue
of the U?iios, Alasmodontas, and Anodontas of the Ohio river and its northern
tributaries, adopted by the Western Academy of Natural Sciences of Cincinnati,
January, 1849." There were admitted sixty-seven distinct species, of which three
'only are ascribed to Rafinesque, U.flavus, U.flexuosus and IT. nodulatus*

If I had been singular in my inability to make out Rafinesque's species and to
recognise him as authority, I should not, perhaps, have ventured alone, but the
exception is on the other side. If we turn to the admirable work of the late Dr.
Binney, on the " Terrestrial Molluscs of the United States," and there is not a more
able and judicious writer on the subject, we find that he wholly discards Mr. Raf-
inesque as being worthy of any regard. He says that the papers of Rafinesque
" are not deemed worthy of any consideration," (p. 36,) and further on he says
that" his diseased state of mind was observed about 1818" (p. 44); and again
at p. 48, he says, as the genera and species proposed by Rafinesque " are con-
sidered to be destitute of authority and entirely unworthy of notice, no mention
of them will be made in the text." He was in the habit of naming and describing
species which he never saw, as mentioned by Major LeConte, and a very remark-
able case of this kind exists in his publication of his genus Tremesia, in the same
paper with the Naiades. He described it as a trivalve fresh water shell living on
the rocks, near the mouth of the Ohio, like the Patellcs. He described the animal
and shell, and figured them (p. 54). But it is not pretended that he ever saw
either, and I doubt if there be one zoologist in the United States who believes in
the existence of the thing at all. In the American Monthly Magazine, Rafinesque,
in a previous notice, describes it under the information of Mr. Audubon. He does
not himself pretend to have seen it.

When I was in Paris, in 1832, Baron Ferussac told me that I was wrong in
admitting a single species of Rafinesque's if I had any doubt myself about them.
He was convinced himself that he could not identify with certainty a single spe-
cies. In the Magazine de Zoologie, p. 13, he says that u he had received from
him the same shells under different names, and others with the names evidently
not those which were given to them in his Monography. Therefore there results
inextricable difficulty for the determination of his species, to establish an exact
synonymy between him and others, who since have occupied themselves with
the mussels." It is true that the Baron subsequently made a catalogue in which
he gave precedence to many of Rafinesque's names; but it must be remembered,
that this was done under the impression that these were identified as the original
specimens described by him, and not, as now understood to be the case, new labels
to other specimens, some twelve or fourteen years afterwards. We have seen above
that Ferussac could make nothing of the labelled specimens sent to him by Ra-
finesque, " marked by his own hand," which marking Mr. Conrad assumes as
definite, while in reality I do not think them entitled to the least consideration.

*Stronger evidence could not be presented of the futility of the efforts made
by naturalists to give Rafinesque what they could by careful examination. The
earlier concholgists thought they could make out four of his species, torsus 1 my-
iiloides, metanever and scalenius. Professors Short and Eaton gave him mytiloides
torulosas, metanever, torsus, triqueter and scalenius. Judge Tappan, with the best
disposition, gave him, metanever, verucosus and tuberadatus, but all with doubt.
In the list made by the western conchologists there is but one, IT. viridis, the de-
scription of which Judge Tappan says equally well applies to iris. In Dr. Kirt-
land's State Report, he accredits two to Rafinesque, metanever and mytiloides, and
the Western Academy of Natural Sciences give him only flavus, flexuosus and
nodulaius, not one of which is given to him by the other authorities above quoted.
Could anything, therefore, be more uncertain ?

240 [December,

Many years ago the distinguished zoologist, Mr. Swainson, sent to me from Lon-
don, for the purpose of identification, a numher of Uniones, which he had received
from Rafinesque, but of which he could make nothing. The confusion of pieces of
valves and names formed such a mass as utterly to defy any attempt at recogni-
tion of his species. I returned them, totally unable to identify them with any
satisfaction. Dr. Ward said that Rafinesque's descriptions and outline " would
equally well apply to six or eight different species." These facts fully account
for the difference of judgment between Mr. Say and Mr. Conrad in their Synopses,
both published in this city, dated April 1834. Even they with the 'specimens be-
fore them marked by Rafinesque himself, could not agree in very many cases.
Mr. Say considered that caslaneus, Lea, was lecvigatus, Raf., while Mr. Conrad
placed lens, Lea, as asjnonym to Icevigatus. Mr. Say makes zigzag, Lea, and do-
naciformis, Lea, synonyms to nervosus, Raf., while Mr. Conrad doubts that zigzag
is synonymous with nervosus, and makes do naciformis synonymous with truncatus,
Raf., which (donactformis) in his appendix, the next year, he considers a distinct
species, but which in the new synopsis of 1853 he placed with zigzag, as synony-
mous with nervosus, Raf.!

Without going further into long statements of discrepancies between Mr. Say
and Mr. Conrad in regard to establishing Rafinesque's species, it will be enough
to say that in the Synopsis of Mr. Say it will be found that out of sixty-one des-
criptions by Rafinesque he gives him thirty-eight species, and by comparing
these with the new Synopsis of Mr. Conrad, eighteen of them are more or less
different in their synonymy, or are entirely dismissed from the list of species.*

Not wishing to devote too much time or space to tracing out the changes of
of opinion by Mr. Conrad from time to time in attempting to substantiate Ra-
finesque's species, it will be sufficient to trace a single one through the various
sinuosities which he has carried it to this period. I do not know how many there
may be like it, but I think it ought to be sufficient to satisfy any one, that syno-
nyms based on such uncertain authority ought to be most carefully scrutinized.
The " synoptical table of the species of American Naiades with Synonyms,"
April 1834, was got up by Mr. Conrad with a view, he says, to u rectify the con-
fused nomenclature of American Naiades." How successfully this has been car-
ried out may be seen by tracing this only one which I have attempted to follow en-
tirely through with its connections. In the list of species (p 72) Mr. Conrad
sets down U. triangularis, Raf. as an established species, and adds as synonyms
lateralis Raf, sintoxia Raf., pachostea Raf., mytiloides Raf, ruber Raf. and pyrami-
datus Lea. Eighteen months afterwards, this u retification of confused nomen-
clature, was found to require itself a rectification, and we find in an appendix
dated Oct. 1835, under the caption of additions to and corrections of, the catalogue
of species of American Naiades," that ruber Raf. is not a synonym to triangularis,
but really a species, and that pyramidatus Lea, is a synonym to it ; also, that
pachostea Raf. was erroneously placed as a synonym to triangularis Raf., it too
oecoraes a type, and Cooperianus Lea, is assigned as a synonym to it. Mytiloides
likewise is no longer a synonym to triangularis, but it becomes one to clavus
Lam. The other three are as yet still considered synonyms to the type triangula-
ris might be better to cite a few of those to show at a glance, how much dis-
crepancy of opinion there is between Mr. Say and Mr. Conrad, and to show how
dangerous it is to science to admit such "guessing" where nothing should be
set down as certain that could not bear the test of scrutiny.

Mr. Conrad says it is incrassatus Lea.

' " subangulatus Lea.
" foliatus Hild.
" " solidus Lea.
" " striatusRaf.
does not admit triangularis as

a species.
" " " cuneatus as a

species.
" " " gibbosus as a
species,
torulosus Raf. is not admitted by Mr. Say as a species. Mr. Conrad says it is gibbosus Raf.

and perplex us Lea.

Unio niger Raf. Mr
" fasciolus Kaf. "
' : flexuosus Haf. "
obovalis Kaf. "
' subrotundus Raf.
: triangularis Raf.

Say says is

a it
a it
a ti
a tt
tt tt

i cuneatus Bar..
multiradiatus Lea.
pileus Lea.
ebenus Lea.
rotundatus Lam.
ellipsis Lea.

Mr. (

c<
ft
cc

}onrs

t .
M

ft
a
a

a cuneatus Raf. "

u

it

patulus Lea.

-

tt

i( gibbosus Raf. "

tt

perplexus Lea.

a

CC

1854.] 241

ris Raf. But, in the following year, June 1836, in his " Monography of the Family
Unionida" p. 41, Mr. Conrad describes and figures mytiloides Rat. as a type, and
assigns to it as synonyms ruber Raf. pyramidatus Lea, and cardiacea " Say of
Guerin," and in his observations on this shell, now first considered by him to be
a species, he says, " this common species, since its first discovery in the Western
waters, has always been known by the name we have adopted"!* After these
three attempts one might reasonably conclude that the synonymy of triangularis
was perfectly settled to the satisfaction of the author of the Synopsis, but such
proved far from being the case. Seventeen years of further experience found Mr.
liafinesque's species " marked by his own hand," did not make his own species
right, and we have in Mr. Conrad's Synopsis of 1853, a remodelling of these names
of the most extraordinary kind. Triangularis which in 1834 was declared to be
a type with six synonyms is entirely dismissed, not recognized even as a synonym.
Lateralis, which then was pronounced to be a synonym to it, has also been dis-
missed. Pachostea, another of the synonyms, but which was in 1835 raised to
the rank of a type, is sunk into the same oblivion. Mytiloides which had been in
1836 raised to a species, from a synonym in 1834 to triangularis, and in 1835
changed to a synonym to clavus Lam., is continued a synonym to clavus, with
some entirely new companions, viz., scalenius Raf. cuneaius Raf. and modiolifor-
mis Say. We find sintozia which had remained for nineteen years, during all the
changes, a synonym to triangularis is now decided to be a species, and it assumes
that rank without any synonym. Ruber is once more considered to be a species.
It was in the Synopsis of 1834 pronounced to be a synonym to triangularis Raf.
In 1835 it was considered a species, and pyramidatus Lea assigned as a synonym
to it. In 1836 it was degraded to the rank of synonymy again, and had myti-
loides Raf. for its type. In 1853 we find it again promoted to the rank of a spe-
cies, with pyramidatus Lea, and coccineus Jay, as synonyms ! And will it be be-
lieved, after all these various attempts to "rectify" what was pronounced with
so much formality to be the object of the writer, and to "render strict justice to
every author," that he says, in a supplementary note, on this U. triangularis Raf.
in this Synopsis (p. 267) that " Mr. Poulson's cabinet contains no authentic speci-
men of this species, which is one I have never identified." What must we think
of such an admission? In 1834 he forms a Sjmopsis under the declaration that
he has at his command the specimens marked by Rafinesque himself. In this
Synopsis he declares triangularis Raf. to be a species with six synonyms. Through
the course of three years he separates from these synonyms three of them, which
he raises to the rank of species, and then at the end of nineteen years, he drops
the important type entirely, and candidly informs us in a note that it is a species
he "had never identified !" and in the same note he says that u pachostea, CUfford-
iania and lateralis are also uncertain species."

It will strengthen the evidence of the utter futility to attempt the establishment
of Rafinesque's species, by looking at Mr. Say's Synopsis, which had the same object
in view. He declares this U. triangularis Raf. to be a distinct species, and assigns
to it as a synonym U. ellipsis Lea.f and he pronounced my HI tides Raf. a species
which Mr. Conrad at the same time placed as a synonym to triangularis Raf.f

. _ _ __ _ . 1 .

* Subsequently it will be seen that this species is degraded in the synopsis of
1853 again into the ranks of synonymy. 1 believe I was the first to give it a
place (1829) in the lists made to endeavor to throw light on the subject, and I
continued it in the various editions of my Synopsis in 1836, 1838 and. 1852, more
because a certain triangular shell was generally known to us under this name of
Rafinesque's, than that his description really fitted it.

f Mr. Say had previously, in his American Conchology 1831, considered U. ellip-
sis Lea, as being established, and he had figured and described it as mine.

X If it were necessary to have further evidence of the uncertainty of Rafin-
esque's species, we might trace another of these numerous discrepancies, taking
scalenius. Mr. Conrad in his Synopsis 1834 gives scalenius the rank of a species,
giving as synonyms cuneaius Raf. &ndpatulus Lea. In his appendix 1835 he makes
scalenius Raf. and modiobformis Say. synonyms to clavus Lam. In 1838, Mono-
graphy p. 92, he describes and figures patulus Lea., making it a distinct species,
and in his Synopsis 1853 he adds mytiloides to the synonym of clavus Lam., having
in 1836 considered mytiloides a distinct species, but he is still not sure tha.tcunea.tu4

242 [DECEMBER,

I shall be much surprised if the exposition of this species, triangularis Raf. will
not satisfy all unprejudiced zoologists of the hopelessness of these attempts to es-
tablish Rafinesque's species of the Naiades.

We come now to by far the most important part of Mr. Conrad's Synopsis the
dates. He commences in the first line of his Synopsis, with the avowed purpose,
in forming it, to supply an assumed " absence of dates and references in Mr. Lea's
Memoirs," and he promises to "render strict justice" to every author according
to date of publication. Any one unacquainted with my memoirs, would suppose
from this that some at least were without dates ; such is not the fact ; every one of
tbem running through a course of twenty-five years is dated. The record of their
date is in the minute book of the American Philosophical Society and the record
of the day on which they were read and deposited with the Society, for publication,
is printed at the. caption of every one of the numerous memoirs, put there by the
officers of the Society. The day on which all these memoirs were issued printed,
is not easily ascertained, and this gives Mr. Conrad a field for assigning to them
erroneous dates, as we shall see in the sequel. It is a mere matter of figures, but
it will be seen that many are wrongly put down in his Synopsis. During the first
ten or twelve years that I was engaged in writing these memoirs, no one considered
there could exist any doubt, as to an author being entitled to his discovery ; if it
was communicated to a learned Society, and really was a discovery. It being is-
sued, printed, afterwards, was considered a diffusion of a knowledge of it. The
Society then printed no " Proceedings" to give immediate notice of such discoveries
abroad. It was not until in 1838 that the "Proceedings" were commenced. After
this period it was generally thought best to print in the " Proceedings" the sim-
ple descriptions of the species in a memoir, and the whole, in extenso, was sub-
sequently inserted in the Transactions.

Mr. Conrad has declared that he will not regard the date of the reading of any
such described species, and acting under this principle he cuts out a large num-
ber of my names, classifying them among the synonyms. But he is by no means
satisfied with this reduction. The date of a very large number is erroneous as
to the time of their being actually printed and circulated, as I have mentioned in
the first part of this paper, that is, by assuming the date of issuing the first part
of a volume to be that, when the last part was issued, while the first part may
have been circulated some years before.

In order to occupy as little space as possible, I will endeavor to tabulate these
errors. To take up my species in the order in which they occur in his Synopsis
and correct them, seriatim, would require great space. I commence with my first
memoir in 1827, and proceed chronologically to 1852.

Published in memoir
read before and deposit-
ed with the Am. Phil.
Soc, Nov. 2, 1827, and
printed in Trans., Voir
3, p. 259. Distributed
early in 18284 Noticed
in Sil liman's Jour. Oct.
129, and the Trans,
cited for 1827.

Raf. is not distinct, as he says in a note that it may be a distinct species. Mr. Say
in his Synopsis makes scalenius Raf. and cunealus Raf. both distinct species.

*The four other species of this memoir are given by Mr. Conrad without any date.

fThis may be a typographical error and intended to be 1832, the same as lan-
ceolatus above it. Giving Mr. Conrad the benefit of this, it will still be found
that he has dated these two species fi ve years after they were read to the Society,
four years after they were printed and issued, and two years after the date of the
title page of the whole volume.

| A correspondent in Cincinnati, under date of April 25th, 1828, acknowledges
the receipt of this paper, and comments on the descriptions and the plates,
and particularly the anatomical parts. He had received impressions of the
plates in the previous December.

Unio lanceolatus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 1832
" irroratus Lea.* " f 1852

1854.]

243

Unio occidens Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 1832?

" rubiginosus Lea. " " 1832

" heterodon Lea. " 1833

" multiradiatus Lea. " 1832

" securis Lea. " " 1832

Unio acutissimus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, Aug.

it

asper Lea.

tt

a

tl

pustulosus Lea.

ti

a

a

obesus Lea.

a

a

ti

castaneus Lea.

a

a

a

varicosus Lea.

tt

a

a

Congaraeus Lea.

a

a

a

decisus Lea.

a

a

a

glans Lea.

tt

a

it

fabalis Lea.

a

tt

a

lens Lea.

a

a

a

cuprinus Lea.

a

a

a

pustulatus Lea.

a

a

tt

ebenus Lea.

a

a

ti

stapes Lea.

it

(

(i

trapezoides Lea.

a

ti

1834
1832
1832
1832
1832
1832
1832
1832
1832
1832
1832
1834
1832
1832
1832
1838

Unio ansjulatus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad,
subovatus Lea.
arcaeformis Lea.
pileus Lea.
tri^onus Lea.
subrotundus Lea.

a
a
a
a
it

Conrad,

1832

tt

1832

a

1832

t:

1832

a

1832

a

1832

<

C Published in memoir
read before and depos-
ited with the Am. P.S.
March 6th, 1829, and
printed in Trans, v. 3,
p. 401. Distributed in
Mayor June 1829. The

receipt of it, with com-
ments, is acknowledged
in a letter from Cincin-
nati, June 27th, 1829,
and it is noticed in Sil-
liman's Journal, vol.16

ta 1829.

Published in memoir
read before and depos-
ited with the Am. P.S.
May 7th, 1S30, and
printed in Trans, v. 4,
p. 63. Distributed in
the latter end of 1831,
and acknowledged by
correspondents as re-
ceived in that year. A
long review of this,
and the supplement
read May 20, 1831, ap-
peared in Silliman's
Jour, for Jan. Feb. and
March, 1832. It will
be observed that Mr.
Conrad makes three
dates for the species
described in this me-
moir, not one of which
is correct on his own
principle of the issue of
printed copies being the
time of date. This me-
moir and the follow-
ing supplement having
eighteen plates and
nearly fifty species, all
colored, required a long
time tofinish, hence the
delay between read-
ing the memoir and the
issuing of it complete.
Published in memoir
(supplement) read be-
fore and deposited with
the Am. Phil. Soc,
May 20th, 1831, and
printed in Trans, v. 4,
p. 105. This supple-
ment was issued with
the memoir. Therefore
all these dates of Mr.
Conrad's are one year
after the memoir was
distributed.

20

244

[December,,

" capsaeformis Lea.
" Haysianus Lea.
w Ravenelianus Lea.
" Schoolcraftensis Lea.
** geometricus Lea.
Anodonta plana Lea.
" incerta Lea.

by Mr. C

onra

*,

1834

a tt

1834

u a

1834

a (C

Aug.

1834

a a

tt

1834

a a

1834

a a

Aug.

1834

a a

1834

Unio Conradicus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad

tt
a
tt

a
tt

tt

Cooperianus Lea.
dromas Lea.
perdix Lea.
pictus Lea.
Sowerbyanus Lea,
Troostensis Lea.

a

tt

a

tt

tt

tt

a

a

a

(C

C|

tt

Published in memoir
read before and depos-
ited with the Am. Phil.
Soc, March 16th, 1832,
and printed in Trans.,
v. 5, p. 23. I was ab-
sent most of 1832 in
Europe, and the large
number of plates (19)
^ with figures of 86 spe-
cies, in this and the
two following supple-
ments, all colored, re-
quired much time, and
it was not until some
time in Aug. or Sep.
1834 that the whole
was finished and issued
printed.

Supplement read be-
fore and deposited with

the Am. Phil. Soc.

1834
1834

iqqT J M arch 15th, 1833, and

1834
1834
1834

Unio fulvus Lea.
" Shepardianus Lea.
w confertus Lea.
" modioliformis Lea.

Dated by Mr. Conrad
tt

tt

a

a
tt

1834
1834
Aug. 1834
1834

<

Unio arctior Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad 3

tt
tt
a
a
tt
a
a

coccineus Lea.
Fisherianus Lea.
Hydianus Lea.
jejunus Lea.
interruptus Lea.
turgidus Lea.
venustus Lea.

Unio Barnesianus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad,

Cumberlandianus Lea.

folliculatas Lea.

glaber Lea.

Jayensis Lea.

Lecontianus Lea.

Muhlfeldianus Lea.

notatus Lea.

pumilis Lea.

Medellinus Lea.

Roanokensis Lea.

simus Lea.

Hopetonensis Lea.

Vanuxemensis Lea.

Zieglerianus Lea.
Anodonta Wardiana Lea.

a
tt

tt
tt
a
a
tt
a
a
a
tt
a
a
tt

it

a

tt

tt

a

a

it

a

it

a

tt

te

a

tt

;d by

Mr.

tt

tt

a

a

tt

n

tt

a

n

it

a

tt

a

a

a

tt

a

tt

tt

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

tt

a

tt

1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
*1837
1838

1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1S38
1838
1838
1838

printed in Trans, v. 5,
p. 59. The same obser-
vations apply as to the
preceding.

Second supplement
read before and depos-
ited with the Am. Phil.
Soc, Feb. 7th, 1834,
and printed in Trans.

Iv. 5, p. 95. The same
observations apply as
[ to the preceding.

Published in memoir
read before and depos-
ited with the Am. Phil.
Soc, Dec. 19th, 1834,
and printed in Trans,
v. 6, p. 1. All these
are inserted in the first
edition of my Synopsis,
issued in 1836, pro*
bably in Dec.

Published in memoir
read before and depos-
ited with the Am. Phil.
Soc, Feb. 5th, 1836,
and printed in Trans.
v. 6, p. 23. All these
are inserted in the first
edition of my Synopsis,
issued in 1836, pro-
bably in Dec.

* I cannot understand why Mr. Conrad dates this one year prior to the other species in the
same memoir. In his Synopsis he makes it a synonym to Mortoni Con., which he described in
Ho 1 of his Monography, Dec. 1835.

1854.]

245

Unio pliciferus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 183S <;

I

Margaritana arcula Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 1838 <

Unio discus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 1838

" Dorfeuillianus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 1838 ^
" Menkeanus Lea. " " 1838

I

Unio Rangianus Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 1838 <

Published in Memoir
read before and depo-
sited with the Amer.
Phil. Soc, July 15th,
1836, and printed in
Trans. Vol. 6. Issued
in Synopsis, 1836.

Published in Memoir
read before and depo-
sited with the Amer.
Phil. Soc., Aug. 19th,
1836, and printed in
Trans. Vol. 6. Issued
in Synopsis, 1836.

Published in Memoir
read before and depo-
sited with the Amer.
Phil. Soc, Nov. 4th,

1836, and printed in
Trans. Vol. 6. Issued
in Synopsis, 1836.

Published in Memoir
read before and depo-
sited with the Amer.
Phil. Soc. July 21st,

1837, and printed in
Trans. Vol. 6. Issued
in Synopsis, 1836.

Unic

amoenus Lea. Date

d by Mr. Conrad,

1841 }

u

biangulatus Lea.

<( a

1841

<(

Bournianus Lea.

a a

1841

tt

Boydianus Lea.

a a

1841

tt

Cincinnatiensis Lea.

Dated by Mr. Conrad

,1841

u

cuneolus Lea.

a a

1S42

tt

dactylus Lea.

tt a

1841

tt

dollabelloides Lea.

a a

1842

a

Edgarianus Lea.

a a

1841

exiguus Lea.

a a

1842

tt

Geddingsianus Lea.

u a

1841

a

Holstonensis Lea.

a a

1841 J>

u

lenior Lea.

a tt

1841

tt

Lesueurianus Lea.

a a

1842

a

lineatus Lea.

a a

1841

tt

incrassatus Lea.

a a

1842

a

plenus Lea.

a a

1842

tt

striatus Lea.

(< tt

1841

tt

strigosus Lea.

a a

1841

a

Tennesseensis Lea.

a a

1842

tt

tener Lea.

a a

1842

it

tortivus Lea.

tt tt

1842

n

tuberosus Lea.

a it

1842

Published in Memoir
read before and depo-
sited with the Amer.
Phil. Soc, Oct. 2d,
1840. Oct. 16th or-
dered to be printed.
Issued in the Proceed-
ings of that month,
(No. 13, p. 285,) which
was laid on the table
by the Reporter, Nov.
6th, 1840. Printed in
the Trans. Vol. 8, p.
191.

* It will be observed that Mr. Conrad continues the singular error of fre-
quently dating my species of the same memoir in different years, while some of
them in the same memoir he inserts without a date, viz. : Stonensis, subangu-
latusy obesusy &c

246

[December,

Unio Brumbyanus* Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 1841

1841
1841 -
1841
1841

((

regularis Lea.

ft

a

(C

mcestus Lea.

a

a

(t

sparsus Lea.

a

tt

a

artrentens Lea.

tt

it

Unio amygdalus Lea.
" Buekleyi Lea.
Buddianus Lea.
fuscatus Lea.
minor Lea.
Monroensis Lea.
neglectus Lea.

a
tt

a

Dj

ited

by

a
tt

it
tt
tt

Mr.

Conrad,

1846
1846
1846
1846
1846
1841
1846

Published in Memoir
read before and depo-
sited with the Amer.
Phil. Soc. June 18th,
1841. issued in Pro-
ceedings, No. 19, for
October, 1841. These
dates of Mr. Conrad's
are therefore correct.

Published in Memoir
read before and depo-
sited with the Amer.
Phil. Soc. Aug. 18th,
1843. Permission giv-
en by the Society to
print the descriptions.
They were printed and
issued the following
1846 { clay, Aug. 19th, 1843.
Receipt of these print-
ed descriptions ac-
knowledged by the So-
ciety Sept. 15th, 1843.
Therefore six of these
are dated by Mr. Con-
rad three years after
they were printed and
issued ! !

Published in Memoir
read before and depo-
sited with the Amer.
Phil. Soc. May 2,1845.
Printed descriptions is-
sued in the Proceed-
ings of that month, No.
33, p. 165, issued Aug.,
1845. Generally the
new species of this me-
moir are dated cor-
rectly (in 1845) by Mr.
Conrad. The tetra-
ffona is one year wrong,
and M. minor has no
date.

Tn my last Memoir read before and deposited with the American Philo-
sophical Society, March 5th, 1852, there are over fifty descriptions of new
species. Two of these Mr. Conrad has omitted, viz. : U. Oregonensis Lea,
and U. sticcissus Lea. Twelve he inserts without date ; the remainder are
dated correctly, 1852.

This finishes the corrections of the numerous errors of date in Mr. Conrad's
Synopsis, as regards the long series of my memoirs in the Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. It will be seen by the above tables of corrections, that he has, under his own
rule of the time of issuing them printed, erroneously dated about ninety of my
species. I do not pretend in this rectification to correct the synonomy of the

Anodonta tetragona Lea. Dated by Mr. Conrad, 1846

* At page 245 of Mr. Conrad's Synopsis in M Proceedings," this is given as a
species ; at p. 250 it is made a synonym to glans Lea.

1854.] 247

Synopsis, as I have stated before. It would require too much space and time.
Those interested in the subject must jud^e between the two synopses. I have
certainly seen nothing in Mr. Conrad's to induce me to change the synonomy of.
mine. I shall be at all times most willing to render my own more perfect by
corrections founded on fact.

Mr. Conrad gives precedence to claims on various principles. Sometimes he
gives the priority of manuscript names in letters or labels, to printed descrip-
tions and figures, as in the case of JJnio coccineus, which I described and figured
in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc (Dec. 19, 1834). He inserts it in his Synopsis
" TJnio coccineus, Hildreth, MSS." Certainly I never intended to deprive my
old and excellent correspondent Dr. Hildreth of any credit due to his long and
ardent services in the development of the Natural History of the Valley of the
Ohio. He sent it to me with many others in June 1833. There were two shells
which he thought to be new, and the names he proposed were 77. coccineus and
Alasmodonta obscura. I had previously received the latter from him and named
it in honor of him (Unio Hildrethianus,) and communicated it to the American
Philosophical Society. I adopted his proposed name for the first, as I am always
accustomed to do, if it be appropriate, and called it coccineus. I also stated that
it was the name proposed in his letter to me. I put Hildrethianus among the
TJniones because it belonged to a peculiar group, by form and habit, which were
classed as TJniones. Mr. Conrad, while he gives the name of 77. coccineus to
Hildreth, objects to my retaining the name of plicatus as Lesueur's, instead of
giving it to Mr. Say as he does. It seems to me that the cases are entirely dif-
ferent. Mr. Lesueur gave the shell to Mr. Say with its name plicatus, as a new
species. Mr. Say considered it as only an undulated variety of his crassus,
pointing out that variation, and at same time said, that, " it is most probably a
distinct species, and if so, the designation proposed by its accomplished discove-
rer, ' plicata,' will be an excellent one." He did not describe it, and I believe
all the conchological writers of the time accredited it to Lesueur, viz. Barnes,
Rafinesque, Short and Eaton, Hildreth, &c. It was, subsequently to Mr. Say's no-
tice, described by Barnes in Silliman's Journal, and accredited to Lesueur Say's
name following Lesueur's. It was then universally received as plicatus Lesueur,
and is still known as such. Although neither he nor Mr. Say described it, it is bet-
ter to retain its established authorship. If it be not retained as Lesueur's it
must be given to Barnes, who was really the first to publish a description of it.
The same want of stability of plan displays itself in the authorship of 77.
paliatus from South Carolina. Dr. Ravenel sent me this species labelled by
himself with this name. Believing that he meant to publish a description of it
himself, I quoted it in myjSynopsis, first edition, 1836, accrediting it to him, and
so continued it in the 2d and 3d editions. Mr. Conrad, on the contrary, accredits it
to me, and refers to the page of my Synopsis where I insert the species as Rave-
nel's, and he adds to this error by quoting for it the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vol.
x. page 79, pi. 7 fig. 20 where it will not be found, but quite a different species,
the TJ. poJlescens Lea, which, at p. 254 of the Proceedings, in his Synopsis, he
inserts as a distinct sppcies. I never described paliatus, nor claimed it in any
way. It never has been described, I believe, but having been so long known as
paliatus of Ravenel, 1 hope it will be continued as such. 1 have no desire to
have my name attached to any species which 1 have not been the fiist to de-
scribe.

Regarding the " notes " on several species at the end of Mr. Conrad's synop-
sis, having long since given my opinion respecting 77. complanatus, Solander, U.
obliquus Lam. and most of the others, I shall not repeat these opinions; but I
am glad to see in a note on cariosns, Say, (p. 264,) that he has at last done justice
to Lamarck in acknowledging his luteolus. In this note he says he followed
Ferussac in referring luteolus to that species, but that his "description does
not apply. It very well describes 77. siliquoideus Barnes." I stated in 1833
that, having examined Lamark's specimen of luteolus in Paris, I found it to be
a true siliquoideus Bar., and therefore have ever since given luteolus priority,
as I was bound to do in common justice. But notwithstanding that Lamark

248 [ [December,

'* very well describes the 77. siliquoideus Barnes, 5 ' (under the name of luteolus}
as Mr. Conrad states, and that I had mentioned (Trans. 1833) having seen the spe-
cimen itself in Paris, still Mr. Conrad, in 1834, places luteolus Lam. as a sy-
nonym to cariosus, Say; and in 1836, changing siliquoideus Bar. into a type, he
says he would have adopted luteolus Lam., if Ferussac had not referred La-
mark's specimen of luteolus to cariosus, Say. Thus relying more on Ferussac 's
opinion (whom I found really not very well acquainted with our species) than
to his own judgment on studying a description, which did apply; or, on mine,
to confirm it, who had examined the original carefully. Now in 1853, he comes
to the conclusion that 77. luteolus Lam. = 77. siliquoideus Bar., exactly what I
stated twenty years ago in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vol. 5, p. 91.

The note on 77. viridis Raf. (p. 266) may be answered by saying that in de-
scribing 77. Tappanianus, I did not then believe, nor do I now, that it is the shell
Rafinesque had before him when he wrote his description. He does not allude
to the striking peculiarity of the teeth of Tappanianus, and he says his shell is
common in the Kentucky and the small rivers adjacent." The Tappanianus
is supposed not to exist in the west. The reason that I did not retain
the name of viridis and give it to Mr. Conrad as he suggests, was that I did not
believe that he and Rafinesque described the same shell, and I did not wish to use
the names of the latter.* The fact stated by Mr. Conrad, that the specimen was
labelled by Rafinesque himself as the 77. viridis, and that its habitat was the
Kentucky river, ought to have satisfied him that it was one of the nu-
merous errors of Rafinesque. f That there is an error in the habitat or the name,
there is no doubt. Mr. Say, in his Synopsis, with the advantage of comparing this
specimen labelled by Rafinesque, declares it to be his cariosus ! This affords
another of the very many difficulties attending the attempt to substantiate Mr.
Rafinesque's species. It has been the cause of the loss of an immense deal of
time among naturalists, and it would have been better for Natural History if he
was entirely "considered to be destitute of authority and entirely unworthy of
notice," as Dr. Binney years ago concluded.

As regards the note on obliquus Lam. (p. 265), Mr. Conrad suggests that I
considered undatus Bar. a synonym, because Mr. Barnes gave it with a mark of
doubt. Mr. Conrad does not advert to the fact that I had seen the original spe-
cimen in Paris in 1832, and that I had published my note of it on my return.

In his note on 77. fasciolus Raf. (p. 267) he says that the specimen was la-
belled by Rafinesque. Notwithstanding this it was not admitted by him in his
Synopsis of 1834 at all ! But Mr. Say introduced it in his Synopsis with multi-
radiatus Lea, as a synonym, which {multiradiatus) Mr. Conrad had admitted
as a. good species. In 1836, however, Mr. Conrad in his Monography, introduced
fasciolus Raf., and then degraded multiradiatus as its synonym. Now in 1853
he makes multiradiatus a synonym to ligarnentinus Lam., and fasciolus is made
to appropriate subangulatus Lea, as a synonym, which was described in Trans.
1840 in vol. 8th not 10th as quoted by Mr. Conrad.

I am gratified to see (p. 266) that 77. trigonus Lea, after twenty years denial,
is acknowledged to be a distinct species. In Mr. Conrad's Synopsis, 1834, he
made it a synonym to undatus Bar., as Mr. Say also did in his Synopsis. My
own label on the specimen given by me to the Academy at the time, was su-
perseded for years by Barnes's name of another shell. There never was any
doubt in my own mind about it, after I had given it a proper examination.

I object to Mr. Conrad's changing my name TJnio Moussonianus, named after
Prof. Mousson, to Moussianus, and that of Estabroolianus, named after Prof. Es-
tabrook, to Eastbrookianus , as well also Margaritana Vandenbusehiana, named
after Dr. Vandenbusch, to Buschiana.

* My having done so in the 77. interruptus and one or two others was entirely
an oversight and unintentional. I always intended to avoid using Rafinesque's
names.

f In a letter from the late Dr. Ward, of Chilicothe, 1836, he says in regard
to this species, " that is another of Professor Rafinesque's apocryphal tales."

1854.] 249

Some of my species seem to be entirely omitted in this Synopsis. I do not
observe U. aheneus, 77. occultus, IT. Oregonensis, 77. patulus, 77. pressus, 77. suc-
cissus, CT. multiplicatus (nor heros Say), Anodonta Dunlapiana nor An. glohosa.
In a note on cuneatus Raf. (p. 267), Mr. Conrad says it is a form between XT.
patulus and 77. clavus, but he does not place patulus Lea, in his list of species,
although in his Monography in 1838 he acknowledges it with a description and
figure.

At page 258 Mr. Conrad gives 77. tenerus Ravenel, Lea, 1834, V. 63, 9, 2."
I never described nor figured this shell, and there is no reference to it in vol. 5,
Trans, at p. 63, nor is it figured in plate 9. 77. teneris Ravenel and 77. paliatus
Ravenel, are most singularly erroneous in their introduction. They have both
been well known under Dr. Ravenel's names by his kindly distributing them.
Having himself named them when he sent them to me, I distributed duplicates
at home and abroad with his names. Although he did not describe them subse-
quently, as 1 supposed he would, I still retained his names in my editions of
the Synopsis and quoted the authorship to him. Mr. Conrad, by not keeping
to a strict rule, gives in his Synopsis one (paliattis) to me and the other {tene-
rus') to Ravenel. To add to this error he refers to my memoirs for both of them,
quoting the page of text and the plates for figures, where they never have ap-
peared at all !

I trust that I have vindicated the dates of my species by references to the facts
regarding them. This defence has cost me much time in searching for the
proofs necessary to rebut the errors of this Synopsis, and 1 think it will not be
denied that it is effectually done.

The Recording Secretary read his Annual Report, as follows :

REPORT

OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY

For 1854.

During the past year twenty-eight Members and eighteen Correspondents have
been elected. One has resigned.

Four have died, to wit : Mr. John Speakman, one of the Founders of the
Academy ; Octavus A. Norris, Esquire ; Robert M. Patterson, M.D.; and Jacob G.
Morris, Esquire, wh was lost with the steamship Arctic.

During the same period sixty-four papers have been read before the Society,
intended for publication in their Journal or Proceedings :

By Spencer F. Baird, two, to wit: 1. Descriptions of new species of North
American Ranseformes and Hylreformes in the Museum of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution. 2. Descriptions of new Birds, collected between Albuquerque, New
Mexico, and San Francisco, Ca 1 ., <fcc.

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard, two, to wit : 1. Descriptions of new
species of Fishes collected in Texas, New Mexico, and Sonora, by Mr. John D.
Clark, on the U. States and Mexico Boundary Survey, and in Texas by Captain
Stewart Van Vliet, U. S. A., second part. 2. Nolice of a new genus of Cyprinidae.

By John Cassin. Synopsis of the Falconidae which inhabit America north of
Mexico, with descriptions of new species.

By T. A. Conrad, six, to wit: 1. Monograph of the genus Argonauta, with
descriptions of five new species ; published in the Journal. 2. Synopsis of the
genus Cassidula and of a proposed new genus Athleta. 3. Omissions and cor-
rections to a Synopsis of the North American Naiades. 4. Synopsis of the genera
Parapholas and Penicilla ; published ia the Journal. 5. Rectification of the
generic names of Tertiary Fossil Shells. 6. Notes on Shells, with description
of three recent and one fossil species.

By Lieut. D. M. Couch, U. S. Army. Notes on Birds observed in Texas and

250 [December,

in the States of Nueva Leon, Tamaulipas and Ccahuila, Mexico, with descriptions
of new species.

By James D. Dana. Catalogue and descriptions of Crustacea, collected in
California by Dr. John L. Le Conte.

By J. W. Dawson. On Fossil Coniferous Wood from Prince Edward's Island.

By Wm. Dudley. Description of a species of Crane found in Wisconsin, pre-
sumed to be new.

By Elias Durand and Theodore C. Hilgard, M.D. PlantaeHeermannianae Cali-
fornicre ; Descriptions of new Plants collected in South California by Dr. A. L.
Heermann, Naturalist attached to the Survey of the Pacific Railroad route, under
Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U. S. Army, with remarks on other plants heretofore
described, belonging to the same collection. Published in the Journal.

By John Evans, M.D., and B. F. Shumard, M.D., three, to wit : 1. Descrip-
tions of new Fossil species from the Cretaceous Formation of Sage Creek, Ne-
braska. 2. Additions to a former Paper, containing descriptions of new fossil
species from Nebraska. 3. Descriptions of new fossil species from the fresh
water Tertiarv formation of Nebraska.

By W. P. Gibbons, M.D., two, to wit : 1. Descriptions of four new species of
Viviparous Fishes from Sacramento River and the Bay of San Francisco ; read
before the California Academy of Natural Sciences, Monday, May 15th, 1854.
2. Descriptions of new species of Viviparous marine and fresh water Fishes, from
the Bay of San Francisco and from the River and Lagoons of the Sacramento ;
read before the California Academy of Natural Sciences, January 9th, 1854.

By Charles Girard, nine, to wit . 1. On a new Entomostracan, of the family
Limnadidas, inhabitiag the western waters. 2. Notice of a new species of Sal-
monidse from the north-eastern part of the United States. 3. A list of the North
American Bufonids, with diagnoses of new species. 4. Descriptions of new
Fishes collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, Naturalist attached to the Survey of
the Pacific Railroad route, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U. S. Army. 5. Con-
tinuation of a former Paper, describing Fishes collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann.
6. Enumeration of the species of Marine Fishes collected at San Francisco, Cal.,
by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly, Naturalist attached to the Survey of the Pacific Rail-
road route, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. Army. 7. Observations on a col-
lection of Fishes made on the Pacific coast of the United States, by Lieut. W. P.
Trowbridge, U. S. Army, for the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. 8.
Characteristics of some Cartilaginous Fishes of the Pacific coast of North Ame-
rica. 9. Abstract of a Report of Lieut. James M. Gilliss, U. S. Navy, upon the
Fishes collected during the U.S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to Chili.

By Edward Hallowell, M.D., six, to wit : 1. Descriptions of New Reptiles
from California. 2. On a new genus and species of Serpents from Honduras,
presumed to be new. 3. Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of Reptiles,
with descriptions of several species supposed to be new, and corrections of former
Papers. 4. Contributions to South American Herpetology. 5. Notices of new
Reptiles from Texas. 6. New Reptiles from the coast of Guinea.

By A. L. Heermann, M.D. Additions to North American Ornithology.

By J. E. Holbrook, M.D. Descriptions of Fishes of Florida. Published in the
Journal.

By Joseph Jones. Abstract of Experiments upon the Physical Influences ex-
erted by living organic, and inorganic Membranes upon Chemical Substances
passing through them by Endosmose.

By Alfred T. King, M.D., three, to wit: 1. On the Ancient Alluvium of the
Ohio River and its tributaries. 2. Descriptions of fossil Trees in the Coal Rocks
near Greensburg, Westmoreland Co., Pa. 3. Description of fossil Fruit found
in the Carboniferous Rocks of Beaver Co. Pa.

By Isaac Lea. Rectification of Mr. T. A. Conrad's " Synopsis of the family of
Naiades of North America," published in the Proceedings of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, February, 1853.

By John Le Conte, F.L.S., three, to wit: 1. Notice of American Animals for-

1854.] 251

merly known, but now forgotten or lost. 2. Observations on the Vespertilio
leporinus of Linnaeus. 3. Descriptions of four new species of Kinosternum.

By John L. Le Conte, M.D., ten, to wit: 1. Descriptions of new Coleoptera
from Texas, chiefly collected by the U. S. Boundary Commission. 2. Descrip-
tions of some Coleoptera from Oregon, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper, <&c, &c.
3. Synopsis of the (Ederneridie of the United States. 3. Note on the genus Am-
blychila, Say. 5. Synopsis of the species of Platynus and allied genera, inhabit-
ing the United States. 6. Synopsis of the Cuciiides of the United States. 7.
Notice of some new Coleopterous Insects, from the collections of the U. S. and
Mexican Boundary Commission. 8. Synopsis of the Dermestida? of the United
States. 9. Synopsis of the Byrrhidaj of North America. 10. Synopsis of the
Erotylidae of the United States.

By Joseph Leidy, M.D., five, to wit : 1. On Bathygnathus borealis, an extinct
Saurian of the new Red Sandstone of Prince Edward's Island ; published in the
Journal. 2. Synopsis of extinct Mammalia, the remains of which have been dis-
covered in the Eocene formation of Nebraska. 3. Description of a Fossil appa-
rently indicating an extinct species of the Camel tribe. 4. On Urnatella gracilis
and a new species of Plumatella. 5. Notice of some fossil Bones discovered by
Mr. Francis A. Linke, on the banks of the Ohio River, Indiana.

By Joseph G. Norwood and Henry Pratteu, two, to wit : 1. Notice of Producti
found in the Western States and Territories, with descriptions of twelve new
species ; published in the Journal. 2. Notice of the genus Chonetas, as found
in the Western States and Territories, with descriptions of eleven new species ;
published in the Journal.

By M. Tuomey. Descriptions of some new Fossils from the Cretaceous rocks
of the Southern States.

During the same period the By-Laws have been amended as follows :

Chap. VIII., Art. 1. Strike out "Any Specimen belonging to the Academy
and not presented under restrictions, may be loaned to members or correspon-
dents for purposes of scientific investigation by the consent of three-fourths of
the Curators, and for a period not exceeding three months ; any person to whom
specimens may be loaned shall first deposit with the Curators a sum, not less
than fifty dollars, in cash, which they may deem necessary to ensure the safe
return of the specimen, and he shall be subject to a fine equal in amount to one-
third of the security given, for each month that the specimen may be retained
beyond the time specified for it3 return. The specimen loaned, together with
the date at which its return may be due, shall be reported to the Academy by
tne Curators at the meetings for Business in March, June, September and De-
cember."

And insert : " No specimen of Natural History contained in the collections of
the Academy, shall be loaned from the Hall under any pretence or for any pur-
pose whatsoever."

Chap. XII., Art. 2. Strike out "No alterations shall be made in these By-
Laws unless they be proposed in writing at a meeting for business, lie on the
table for oce month, and be sanctioned by the affirmative votes of two-thirds of
the subsequent meeting for business, at least twelve members being present."

And insert : " Every proposition to alter or amend these By-Laws shall be
submitted in writing at a meeting for business; and, if adopted by the affirmative
vote3 of two-thirds of the members present, it shall be read at the meeting for
business next succeeding, when, if adopted by the affirmative votes of two-thirds
of the members present, it shall be again read at the next succeeding meeting
for business, when, on receiving the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the mem-
bers present, it shall become a part of these By-Laws ; provided, that at least
twelve members be present at each of the three meetings."

Cbap. XII. A new article added, as follows :

Art. III. No one or more of the By-Laws of this Academy shall be suspended.
All of which is respectfully submitted, by

B. Howard Rand,

Recording Secretary.

252 [December,

The Librarian read the following

REPORT TOR 1854.

During the present year 729 additions have been made to the Library, 146 of
which are in volumes, 446 in parts or numbers, and 137 in pamphlet form.
Nearly all are works on Natural Sciesce, in its various departments, or Journals,
Transactions, Memoirs, &c, of learned Societies, foreign and domestic, with
many of which the Academy is in correspondence or exchange. The subjoined
list exhibits the subjects embraced in the contributions of this year:

Volumes. Parts or Nos. Pamphlets.
Natural Sciences, -
Anatomy and Physiology, -
Journals, Trans., Proceedings, &c, of Societies,
Physical Science and Chemistry, -
Voyages and Travels, -

Biography, ------

History, ______

Miscellaneous, _____

146 446 137

Of these, Authors have contributed 94 ; Editors 70 ; Societies, Corporations,
&c, 228; Dr. Wilson 291 ; other members, correspondents and individuals 43 ;
and the U. S. Government 3 ; Total 729.

Wm. S. Zantzinger, Librarian.

Hall of the Academy, December 26, 1854.

59

62

63

6

11

15

63

369

3

3

17

9

2

1

3

1

4

1

37

The Report of the Treasurer for 1854 was read and referred to the
Auditors.

Dr. Leidy, on behalf of the Curators, read the following

REPORT OF THE CURATORS FOR 1854.

The alterations and enlargement of the building of th<? Academy commenced
in 1853, and found necessary to accommodate the increasing museum and library,
have so far advanced, that in a few more months they will be completed. In the
new museum room, arrangements of a portion of the cabinet are already begun,
but the Curators propose deferring, until the next annual report, a detailed account
of the improvements in the building and the re-arrangements of the museum and
library.

During the year just about closing, the donations to the museum have been as
follows :

Mammalia. Of this class 57 specimens of 42 species hv.ve been presented.
Among them is a noble specimen of an Elk, Cervus Americanus, shot in this State,
and presented by a number of our members.

Birds. A small but valuable collection of bird-skins from Honduras, was pre-
sented by Dr. S. Woodhouse. There were also 12 species of birds presented by
different members.

Reptiles. A collection of 10 species from Central America, and 16 species
chiefly from Texas and New Mexico, was presented by Dr. Woodhouse ; a second
collection of 18 species from California, by Dr. Heermann ; a third collection of 9
species from the Gaboon country, Africa, by M. Belloni Duchaillu ; and a fourth
collection of 9 species from New Jersey, by Mr. S. Ashmead. Besides these,
various persons presented 16 species of reptiles.

Fishes. Dr. Heermann presented a collection of 18 species from California, and
various members and others presented 12 species.

1854.] 253

Mollusks. Dr. Albers, of Berlin, through Mr. Lea, presented a collection of
70 species of land shells, chiefly from Madeira ; Dr. Le Conte presented a valuable
collection of marine shells from the Sandwich Islands ; and Lieut. G. H. Hare
presented a collection of marine shells from the Mediterranean and other locali-
ities. Besides these collections, numerous specimens of 16 species were presented
by various persons.

Insects. To this class we have obtained an unusually rich accession. John A.
Guex, E?q., has presented to the Academy his entire cabinet of entomology,
consisting of 1500 specimens of American and European Lepidoptera, and
nearly 17,000 species of Coleoptera, systematically arranged in accordance with
modern nomenclature, and nearly all catalogued. Other persons have presented
about 20 species of insects.

Crustaceans, arachnides, myriapods, annelides and zoophytes. Of these classes of
animals, numerous specimens of twelve species have been presented by various
members.

Comparative Anatomy. 2 skeletons, 5 crania, and 2 other anatomical specimens
were presented. One of the skeletons, that of a dog, was presented by Mr.
Lambert, the other, that of a Heterodon, was presented by Dr. Hallowell.

Botany. A collection of plants from New Holland and the Azores was pre-
sented by Mr. R. Kilvington ; and a collection of 100 specimens from California,
by Mr. Henry Pratten, of New Harmony. Be ides these, 12 species of plants,
fruits, &c, were presented by different persons.

Palaeontology. A collection of fossils from San Pedro, Santa Barbara, and the
Colorado Desert, was presented by Dr. Heermann ; a second from the south of
Europe, by Lieut. G. H. Hare; a third of cretaceous fossils from Dallas cc,
Texas, by Mr. A. Gouhenaut ; and a fourth of cretaceous fossils from Alabama,
and eocene fossils from Virginia, by Mr. Joseph Jones. Besides these collections,
fifty specimens of fossils were presented by different members and other persons.
Among the specimens are five of the tracks of the huge extinct Brontozoum
giganteum, in sandstone, from Connecticut, presented by Dr. T. D. Mutter, and
several fragments of Indian crania and teeth, encrusted with carbonate of lime,
from a cave in California, presented by Dr. W. H. Housten.

Mineralogy. A collection of 40 specimens of metallic ores from Peru was
presented by Dr. S. W. Mitchell ; and 70 other specimens of minerals from vari-
ous localities, were presented by different members and others.

This report is respectfully submitted for the acceptance of the Academy by

Joseph Leidy,
Chairman of the Curators.

The following resolution was offered by Mr. Isaac Lea, and unani-
mously adopted :

Resolved, That a Committee be appointed to draft a memorial to
Congress, urging the sending out of an Expedition for the relief of our
fellow member, Dr. Kane, and his companions in the Arctic Regions.

The following Committee was appointed : Mr. Isaac Lea, Dr. Zant-
zinger and Dr. Bridges.

On motion, the Committee was instructed to report at next meeting.

The Society then proceeded to elect Officers and a Publication Com-
mittee for 1855, with the following result :

President, ...... George Ord.

Vice Presidents, - Robert Bridges,

Isaac Lea.

Corresponding Secreta - John L. Le Conte.

254

[December,

Recording Secretary,
Librarian,
Treasurer,
Curators, -

Auditors, .

Publication Committee,

B. Howard Rand.

Wm. S. Zantzinger.

George W. Carpenter,

Joseph Leidy,
William S. Vaux,
Samuel Ashmead,
John Cassin.

Robert Pearsall,
Samuel Ashmead,
James C. Fisher.

William S. Vaux,
Robert Bridges,
Isaac Lea,
H. Cooper Hanson,
Joseph Leidy.

ELECTION OF MEMBERS.

Dr. William Freeman, and Dr. William H. Hooper, of Philadelphia,
were elected Members.

1855.] 255

January 2d, 1855.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. Joseph Harrison, Jr., dated Jan. 2, 1855,
accompanying the donation from him acknowledged this evening.

On leave granted, the Committee appointed at last meeting to prepare
a memorial to Congress soliciting aid to Dr. Kane and his companions
in their Arctic peril, reported the following memorial, which was
adopted.

To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the XJnited

States in Congress assembled.

The Memorial of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, respect-
fully represents :

That Dr. Kane, a member of the Academy, and his companions, may at this
moment be in urgent need of the protecting hand of those in whose power alone
it is possible to give material aid.

Knowing well the prudence and perseverance of Dr. Kane, it cannot be doubted
that he has taken all the precautions possible for the safety of those who have
been placed under his charge in the perilous and benevolent voyage which he has
undertaken for the relief of that intrepid traveller Sir John Franklin. But it is
now known that Sir John is removed beyond all human alleviation of calamity,
and Dr. Kane and his companions, your memorialists believe, now stand in need
of that alleviation and support which they so generously volunteered at the risk
of their lives, in toiling over dreary wastes, and in braving the rigors of a polar
winter, as well as the storms of an Arctic sea.

Your memorialists fear that the cause of the delay of the return of Dr. Kane
may arise from one of those acccidents so incident to Polar voyages, the crush-
ing and destruction of his vessel by the ice, in which case a relief expedition
can alone in all probability mitigate his destitution and distress, and save him.

Your memorialists respectfully, but earnestly solicit that the earliest possi-
ble succour may be afforded to Dr. Kane and his companions.

On motion, the Secretary was directed to prepare copies of the above,
to be signed by the officers of the Society and transmitted to Congress.

On motion of Dr. Rand, the thanks of the Academy were presented
to Mr. Joseph Harrison, Jr., of this city, for his valuable donation of
portraits of Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, received this
evening.

January lftth.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, dated Dec. 4,
1854;

From the Acad. C. L. C Nat. Curiosorum, dated Breslau, 26th
Oct., 1854;

From the Geneva Natural History Society, dated 7th of November,
1854, and

From the Wurtemberg Verein fiir vaterlandische Naturkund., dated
Stuttgart, 21st Nov., 1854, severally acknowledging the receipt of the
Proceedings and Journal of the Academy.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. VII. NO. VII. 21

256 [January,

Mr. Conrad presented for publication in the Proceedings the following
papers, viz.

1. Descriptions of three new species of Unio.

2. Observations on the Eocene deposit of Jackson, Miss., with de-
scriptions of thirty-four new species of shells and corals.

All of which were referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Wilson,
Mr. Chas. E. Smith and Mr. Phillips.

January 23J.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. Win. E. Dearing, dated Augusta, Georgia,
16th Jan., 1855, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a
Correspondent.

A paper was presented for publication in the Journal, entitled " Re-
marks on the Cryptogamic Flora of the State of Georgia, by Professor
Julien Deby;" which was referred to Dr. Zantzinger, Dr. Bridges and
Dr. Durand.

January oOth.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Conrad's papers, read Jan. 16, 1855, reported
in favor of publication.

Descriptions of three new species of Unio.
By T. A. Conrad.

UNIO.

1. 77. Grandensis. Suboval, ventricose posteriorly, disks somewhat flattened ;
umbo distant from anterior margin, and with minute radiating lines extending
to- the tips of the beaks ; no concentric undulations; within purple.

Locality. Rio Grande, Texas.

Allied to 77. cardium, Raf., but differs in the striated beak, purple interior, &c

2. 77. Tanmilapanns . Oblong, somewhat compressed; substance of shell thick
anteriorly and over the umbo; disks flattened; ligament margin nearly parallel
with basal margin ; umbo decorticated ; within pure white.

Allied to 77. niger, Raf., but more regularly oblong and very white inside.
Locality. San Juan river, Taumilapas.

3. TJ. Pearlensis. Suboval ; umbo ventricose ; sides contracted before the
umbonal slope, which is ridged or inflated ; two or three radiating folds poste-
riorly, most prominent over the umbo ; within whitish, with a purple margin.

Locality. Pearl river, Miss. Prof. Thomas.

Allied to 77. crasside?is, Lam., {trapezoides, Lea,) but proportionally much
shorter, more ventricose over the umbones, and less folded. This shell belongs
to my proposed genus Plectomerus, which, if without sufficient distinction in the
animal to constitute a genus, will form a convenient and very natural subgenus.

1855.]

257

Observations on the Eocene deposit of Jackson, Mississippi, with descriptions oj
thirty-four new species of shells and corals.

By T. A. Conrad.

The following table will show the order of succession of Eocene groups ; but
is not pretended to be more than an exposition of my limited knowledge of them,
though they are doubtless presented in the true order of superposition. Further
research may develope intercalated groups. No. 6, is probably synchronous with
the Orbitulite limestone of St. Stephens, Alabama, as its two most prominent
fossils are very abundant in this stratum at Vicksburg. No. 5, is the lowest bed
exposed in the bank of the Mississippi river, at Vicksburg. Col. Wailes found
a large Ostrea on the top of the Jackson group, which is probably the shell
referred to in No. 5. It would be convenient to designate these sub-divisions
thus: Claiborne group; Jackson group; Vicksburg group; St. Stephens group ;

8.

7.

GROUPS OF CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS.

Crassatella Mississippiensis, Area Mississip- A
piensis, Meretrix sobrina, M. imitabilis,
Turbinella Wilsoni.

Corbula alta, Natica.

6. Pecten Poulsoni, Orbitulites Mantelli.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

Ostrea Georgiana?

Umbrella planulata,Cardium Nicolleti, Co-
nus tortilis, Cyprasa fenestralis, Galeodia
Petersoni, Rostellaria extenta, &c.

Crassatella alta, Pectunculus stamineus, Me-
retrix aequorea, Gratelupia Hydii, Leda
ccelata, Crepidula lirata, &c.

Ostrea sellaeformis.

Newer

Eocene,

Vicksburg.

Cardita densata. Cyclas

Older
Eocene,
Jackson.

Older

Eocene,

Claiborne.

Alabama river,

Nos. 1 to 3 represent the Claiborne group; 4, Jackson group; 6, the St.
Stephens group ; 7 and 8, the Vicksburg group. When a group of corresponding
fossils is to be found elsewhere, its relative position can be stated by referring to
the typical subdivision which contains many identical species.

Since my discovery of the Eocene formation of Claiborne, Alabama, in 1832,
by means of fossil shells collected by Judge Tait, numerous localities have been
found in the southern States, and characteristic fossils have also been obtained
by Major Emory, in Western Texas, and even in California, by Mr. Blake.
Localities widely separated contain some species in common, but I did not anti-
cipate that groups would vary to the extent they do in the three localities of
Claiborne, Alabama, Jackson and Vicksburg, Mississippi. Col. B. L. C. Wailes,
of Mississippi, has lately discovered a new group of Eocene fossils at Jackson,
in which none of the Vicksburg species occur ; and of forty species, five only
are identical with Claiborne fossils. One of the Jackson shells, Cardium Nicolletti,
Conrad, was first discovered in the bank of Red river, Washita ; and, therefore^
this latter locality will probably prove to belong to the same division of the
Eocene as that of Jackson. The Mississippi deposit described by Col. Wailes,
is a group of shells chiefly, of more than ordinary beauty and preservation,
imbedded in sand of a gray color, consisting of fine angular grains of quartz and
minute fragments of shells. One of the species, Cyprcea fenestralis, is closely

258 [January,

related to C elegant, of Deshayes; two remarkable species which have no
analogue or kindred shell in later Tertiary formations. The state of preserva-
tion and the forms of these fossils are closely analogous to those of the Paris
basin"; and I find no recent nor any Miocene species among them. I believe the
group to be newer than the Claiborne deposit, and certainly older than that of
Vicksburg.

I think it will be found that No. 6, of the above table, represents that exten-
sive limestone, which, in Alabama, contains the Basilosaurus remains ; the
Laganum Rogersi, Morton, near Claiborne, and near Brandon, Mississippi, where
it has been discovered by Col. Wailes, occupying a higher position than the Jack-
son group. The limestone of Jacksonboro', Georgia, described by Lyell, is pro-
bably referable to the same division, and contains the Laganum Rogersi, (Scu-
tella Jonesi, Forbes.)

The following species of organic remains were collected by Col. B. L. C.
Wailes, and are figured in his work on the Geology of Mississippi. Those
illustrations are referred to in the descriptions.

CORBULA.

1. C. densata, Geol. of Miss. PI. xiv., fig. 9 Triangular, subequilateral, very
thick in substance ; surface undulated and having angular concentric striae; um-
bonal slope submarginal and acutely carinated, posterior extremity angular.

Related to C. nasuta, Con. but proportionally shorter, thicker, with a more
rounded base, &c. The description applies to the larger valve, as I have not
seen the opposite one.

2. C. licarinata, PI. xiv., fig. 3. Elevated, triangular, slightly oblique, thick
in substance, profoundly ventricose, with robust reflected concentric lines ; umbo
profoundly prominent, and the beak incurved; posterior slope biangulated ; space
between the angles flattened, direct.

Resembles C. o?iiscus, Con., but is thicker, more elevated, not rostrated, and
its slight obliquity is the reverse of that in the former species. I have not seen
the smaller valve.

LED A, Schum.

L. multilineata, PI. xiv., fig. 4. Ovato-elliptical, inequilateral, ventricose,
with fine sharp concentric lines, which are somewhat undulated ; anterior side
rostrated, with closely-arranged, radiating, minute, tuberculated striae; posterior
side with unequal fine radiating lines, a few of which are very distinct; a few
radiating lines are continued near the base ever the middle of the valves.

Allied to N. ccelata, Con., but very distinct.

NAV1CULA, Blainville.

N. atpera, PI. xiv., fig. 5. Trapezoidal, disk contracted behind the middle,
cancellated; concentric lines distant, imbricated ; radiating lines largest towards
the umbonal slope, subspinous ; umbonal slope acutely angulated ; posterior slope
excavated ; series of cardinal teeth uninterrupted ; inner margin crenulated.

CARDIUM, Lin.

C. (Protocardia) Nieolletti, PI. xiv., fig. 6. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, 1841, p. 33.

This shell agrees, except in size, with the specimen originally described from
the Washita, and doubtless the beds of that locality will prove to be of synchron-
ous origin with those of Jackson. A species of Cardium very nearly allied to
this, 1 formerly believed to be the same; but it accompanies a different group,
and presents variations entitling it to be a specific distinction.

It is from Pamunkey river, Virg.

Compared with C. Nieolletti ; umbo less inflated, posterior margin oblique, shell
proportionally longer, and the radiating lines 22; in the other 25. The posterior
cardinal tooth larger, &c. It may be named C. lene.

1855.] 259

CRASSATELLA, Lam.

C. flezura, PI. xiv., fig. 7. Trapezoidal, inequilateral ; ventricose medially ;
slightly contracted anteriorly, and more so posteriorly ; umbonal slope angulated
and prominent ; whole surface with concentric prominent lines, some of which
bifurcate anteriorly; inner margin crenulated.

Approaches C. protezta, Con., but has the strias over the whole disk, the car-
dinal teeth more compressed ; inner margin with larger crenulations, &c

GLOSSUS.

G. filosus, PI. xiv., fig. 8. Orbicular, ventricose, with radiating lines, unequal,
medially flattened, and towards the ends angulated ; concentric lines microscopic,
series of cardinal teeth uninterrupted, generally large and prominent.

Allied to G. stamineus, Con., but very distinct.

OSTREA, Lin.

O. trigonalis, PI. xiv., fig. 10. Triangular, fiat, sui face irregular, withsome
indistinct radiating lines; muscular impression obliquely suboval, situated nearer
the summit than the base; margin somewhat ascending, submargin carinaced.

A single imperfect upper valve is all that I have seen of this shell, but it is
widely different from any other Eocene species known to me.

PECTEN, Lin.

P. nuperus, PI. xiv., fig. 11. Suborbicular, ventricose, with about twenty-
three angular, prominent ribs, crossed by fine closely-arranged wrinkled lines;
ears finely striated obliquely.

A single valve with the ears broken is all of this species in the collection.

UMBRELLA.

77. pla?iulata, PI. xiv, fig. 1. Suboval, flattened, surface undulated, rising a
little towards the apex, which is prominent and acute, and situated much nearer
to one side and nearer to one end ; lines of growth conspicuous; inner side with
a very large suboval cicatrix, with radiating interrupted lines.

This fine species is the only one yet known in North America. Two speci-
mens occur, one of which is marked with some hair-like brown radiating lines,
both internally and externally.

CAPULUS, Mont.

C. Am-ericanus, PI. xv., fig. 1. Obliquely ovate, longitudinally contracted on
one side ; lines of growth profound ; summit very oblique ; apex profoundly
prominent, acute, curving towards the base and projecting far beyond the basal
margin ; aperture obtusely oval or suborbicular.

TROCHITA, Schum.

T. alta, PI. xv., fig. 3. Conic, elevated, with three or four transverse undu-
lations ; radii prominent, rounded, very irregular, interrupted, somewhat tuber-
culated; vertex central, spiral, somewhat prominent.

CLAVELLA, Swains. CLAV1L1THES, Swains.

1. C. humerosa, PI. xv., fig. 2. Fusiform, volutions eight? rounded; body
whorl and penultimate entire, the others with broad rounded ribs; whorls cari-
nated below the suture and with revolving lines, most prominent towards the
apex; body whorl and penultimate, channelled above and contracted near the
summit ; body whorl angulated inferiorly ; beak long and straight.

2. C. varicosa, PI. xvi., fig. 7. Fusiform, spire and beak elongated; whorls
nine, with distant, rounded, thick ribs and with revolving acute lines, which are
obsolete or less prominent on the ventricose portion of the body w horl ; papillated
apex formed of three volutions; columella nearly straight, and with microscopic

ongitudinal lines.
C. Mississippie?i$is, PI. xvii., fig. 8, is probably the same species.

260 [January,

MITRA, Eumph. Lam.
Subgemis Lapparia, Conrad.

Short-fusiform, spinous; apex papillary; beak very short, thick, twisted;
plaits as in Mitra.

M. (Lapparia,) dumosu, PI. xv., fig, 4. Short-fusiform, volutions seven,
direct, obliquely flattened above, with a series of transversely compressed, distant
spines on the two largest whorls ; on the contiguous whorl they become nodules ;
two whorls below the apex papillary, smooth ; the next two longitudinally ribbed,
and the others longitudinally striated or with prominent lines of growth; whole
surface with revolving wrinkled lines ; plaits four ; beak profoundly ridged.

CONUS, Lin.

C. tortilis, PI. xv., fig. 5. Ovato-turbinate ; spire obtusely conical with the
apex exserted, acute; whorls obliquely flattened, with revolving impressed lines
and transverse wrinkles, carinated near the base, direct between the carina and
suture; lines of growth on body whorl profoundly curved; base with a pro-
found thick fold.

Differs from C. sanrodens, Con., in having a more prominent and convex spire,
in the large twisted callus at base, &c.

ROSTELLARIA, Lam.

1. R, velata, Con., PI. xv. fig. 7. R. Lamarckii, Lea, Cont. fig. 164.

2. JR. slaminea, PI. xvi. fig. 9. Fusiform, spire elongated, subulate abo^e ;
whorls fifteen; body whorl slightly concave with fine closely-arranged revolving
lines, and obsolete longitudinal undulations ; three upper whorls with curved
longitudinal acute ribs; the remainder covered with a polished calcareous de-
posit, and excavated at the suture ; body whorl angular on a line with the upper
margin of the aperture; labrum thin ; beak slightly curved.

This species occurs at Claiborne in great abundance.

VOLUTALITHES, Swains.

1. V. symmetrica ^YX. xv., fig. 8. Subfusiform ; with longitudinal acute ribs
terminating above in short spines on the body whorl ; volutions excavated above,
where they are striated but not ribbed ; body whorl with raised alternated revolv-
ing distinct lines; above the angle they become almost microscopic; suture
margined below by a series of small points, and somewhat carinated ; plaits
three, slender.

Allied to V. Sayana, Con.

NATICA, Lam.

N. permunda, PI. xvi., fig. 2. Suborbicular ; body whorl somewhat excavated
near the suture ; spire very short ; umbilicus very long, profound, with a central
broad rounded ridge, and the lower margin subcarinated ; columella subrectilinear.

APORRHAIS.

Subgenus Platyoptera, Conrad.

Shell with a profoundly expanded labrum which is entire, or without a rostrum,
and with the margin very thin and acute.

A. (P.) eztenta, PI. xvi., fig. 3. Shell independent of labrum fusiform, with
prominent revolving rounded lines and intermediate fine lines, from one to three,
and longitudinal microscopic lines ; volutions rounded, covered towards the apex
with a polished calcareous deposit ; labrum within with impressed radiating
lines, becoming well marked furrows towards the base.

1855.] 261

MITRA.

Subgenus Fusimitka, Conrad.

Elongate-fusiform, smooth and polished with impressed revolving lines ; aper-
ture narrow ; plaits two prominent, and two obsolete, or much smaller than the
others; beak elongated.

To this subgenus belongs M. conquisita, Con., M. Mississippiensis, and
Con., of the Vicksburg deposit.

M. (Fusimitru) Mellivgtoni, PI. xvi. fig. 5. Profoundly elongated, fusiform;
volutions ten, convex, six of which towards the apex have revolving impressed
lines, with the interstices transversely striated; in the contiguous whorl they are
distant and obsolete, except near the summit, where there are two distinct im-
pressed lines ; on the penultimate whorl one distinct impressed line, and the
summit of the body whorl obtusely carinated; spire longer than the aperture,
which is narrow ; plaits four, the two superior ones very prominent, robust.

Allied to M. conquisita s but much larger, proportionally longer, and with
the striae less deeply impressed. It may prove, however, to'be the same when
many specimens from the two localities can be compared. If it should be iden-
tical with the former it is the only species common to the Vicksburg and Jackson
deposits out of 40 species of the latter and 100 of the former deposit.

CARICELLA, Con.

1. C subangulata, PI. xv. fig. 8. Turbinate; labrum expanded ; shoulder
subangulated ; body whorl flattened above ; spire short, conical, consisting of
4 volutions, with microscopic revolving lines near the apex ; columella with
four remote plaits, the two inferior ones most oblique.

2. C.polita, PI. xvi. fig. 4. Fusiform; smooth and polished, with revolving
lines inferiorly, and on two volutions of the spire ; the whorl above is papillary
and smooth ; columella with closely arranged microscopic longitudinal lines ;
plaits four, slender, prominent, remote ; beak slightly curved.

Allied to C. but proportionally shorter and very distinct.

SCALARIA, Lam.

S. nassula, Con., PI. xvi. fig. 6. Foss. Shells of Tert. Form.
This shell, though much larger than the Claiborne specimens, specifically agrees
with them. Probably Lea's S. plamdata is the same species.

ARCHITECTONICA, Bolton. SOLARIUM, Lam.

1. A. acuta, PL xvii. fig. 1. Much depressed, very thin and acutely cari-
nated on the margin; convex above, lower half of the whorls somewhat exca-
vated ; revolving striae linear, crenulated, with a minute intermediate crenulated
line, and a still finer line or two in some of the interstices ; base convex, flattened
and somewhat excavated towards the periphery, revolving striae linear, alternated
with a medial smaller line and two minute ones, nearly smooth, except four
from the umbilical margin, which rapidly increase in size towards the inner
margin; the marginal line profoundly crenulated ; a carinated beaded line on the
middle of each whorl within the umbilicus, which is profoundly scalariform.

2. A. bellastriata, PI. xvii. fig. 2. Discoida], with radiating impressed lines,
which frequently bifurcate and are most profound at the suture ; whorls of the
spire carinated below near the suture ; periphery acutely carinated, margined
above by two approximate raised lines, and below by a prominent line which is
slightly marked by a microscopic impressed line ; base with three impressed
lines, that nearest the umbilicus profound; radiating striae interrupted by the
revolving lines ; base convex towards the periphery and concave towards the
umbilicus.

262 [January,

GASTRIDIUM, Sow.

G. vet/estum, Con., PI. xvii. fig 4. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. 6, p. 321.

The Jackson specimens of this species, being more perfect than those of
Claiborne, Alabama, exhibit six or seven denticulations below the tooth on the
labrum, which denticle is very short ; the base of the shell is carinated, and an
acute carinated line runs within the umbilicus near the outer margin.

CYPR^A, Lin.

1. C.pinguis, PI. xvii., fig. 3. Obtusely ovate, rounded at base, but ob-
liquely flattened towards the aperture which is very narrow and denticulato-
striate on both sides; columella deeply indented near the base, and a dentate line
on the margin ; labrum excavated towards the base.

Allied to C. spkcsroides. Con., of Vicksburg, but much less ventricose and
very distinct.

Subgenus Cypr^edia, Swains.

2. C.fenestralis, PI. xvii., fig. 5. Ovate, ventricose, decussated with acute,
prominent, distant lines, the transverse ones alternated in size; interstices with
microscopic lines parallel to the transverse ones ; aperture narrow, much curved
above ; columella with four or five plaits.

This beautiful species is nearly allied to C. elegans, Desh.,but is much broader,
and has microscopic regular lines which are not mentioned in the description of
the former, and it is probably destitute of them. The plaits on the columella of
the Jackson shell are much larger than in its European relative. These two
shells are so different from any in the more recent formations that they appear
to be entitled to a generic distinction, and they are peculiar to the Eocene period.

PHORUS, Mont.

P. reclusug, PI. xvii., fig. 6. Trochiform ; whorls seven, obliquely flattened
on the sides; base flattened, slightly excavated near the periphery, striated ;
lines profoundly curved, wrinkled, acute, many of them minutely beaded ; base
partially covered with a polished calcareous deposit.

GALEODIA, Link. CASSIDAR1A, Lam.

G. Peterso7ii, PI. xvii., fig. 9. Obtusely ovate, spire short, scalariform ; body
whorl with three distant revolving lines much larger than the others, which are
alternated, suture margined by a prominent acute line; inferiorly three revolving
lines larger than the others ; lower whorl of the spire carinated in the middle ;
longitudinal wrinkled lines veiy fine: labrum margin thickened, somewhat re-
flected ; inner margin denticulato-striate, with a prominent tooth near the upper
extremity; labrum reflected ; columella striated, inferiorly tuberculato-striate.

Approaches G. funiculosa {cassidaria) Desh., but very distinct.

PAPlLLINA,Con.

Pyriform ; shoulder angular and spinous ; beak long, with an obtuse fold on
the columella ; three volutions from the apex forming a papillated summit.

P. Mlssisdppiensis, PI. xvii., fig. 10. Fusiform, with a series of distant,
very prominent spines and longitudinal undulations ; revolving lines prominent,
alternated, wrinkled and undulated ; three volutions from the apex entire, and
forming the papillary top; fold on the columella obtuse ; beak slightly tortuous.

In the geology of Mississippi where the shell is figured, 1 have incorrrectly
referred it to the genus Clavelithes. To this genus Papillina belongs the Eocene
species, Fusics papillatu.s, Con., of Claiborne. I have never met with a species
of this genus in the Miocene or more recent formation. It is probably most
nearly related to Turbinella.

1855.]

263

TURRITELLA, Lam.

T. alveata, PI. xvii., fig. 7. Elongated; whorls about nineteen; revolving
lines prominent, about six in number alternated with a minute line ; volutions
excavated at base and minutely striated.

Allied to T. obmta, Con., (T. litieata, Lea,) of Claiborne, but greatly more
elongated.

Polyparia.

ENDOPACHYS, Lonsdale.

1. E. expansum. Cuneiform, dilated, much compressed on the sides ; middle
ventricose with two prominent ribs ; end margins straight, direct, obliquely trun-
cated inwards inferiorly; medial ridge tapering gradually to the base, which is
thickened in the middle; surface regularly and beautifully granulated.

Locality. Jackson, Miss. Claiborne, Alabama.

2. E. triangulares Triangular; sides a little undulated on the margin and
tapering towards the middle of the base, which is thickened, truncated and
rounded, medial elevation very wide, rounded, with two prominent ribs ; sides
excavated and suddenly compressed near the margins, which are acutej granu-
lations in form of radiating stria?.

Locality. Occurs with the preceding.

The sides between the ribs and the depression are convex, and when perfect
have probably a rib on the middle.

3. E. alticost'itum. Cuneiform, subtriangular ; medial elevation tapering
gradually to the base, which is thick and irregularly rounded; ribs two, pro-
foundly elevated, compressed; lateral depressions profound, margins acute, ob-
lique ; suiface densely and minutely granulated; base truncated or obtusely
rounded.

Locality. Claiborne, Alabama.

FLABELLUM, Les.

F. Wailesii. Triangular or cuneiform, concentrically somewhat undulated;
periphery irregularly subcarinated, sides plano-convex, subcostate, with im-
pressed radiating lines, many of them bifurcated; lamellae unequal, three smaller
between each of the larger ones ; sides with longitudinal tuberculated stria?.

Locality. Jackson, Miss.

OSTEODES, Conrad.

Form of Turbinolia ; transversely oval; lamellae numerous, anastomosing or
branched; centre composed of small, angular cells; submargin with similar
but smaller cells ; cellular or bone-like structure characterising the sides beneath
the surface.

Very distinct from Turbinolia or Turbinolopsis. To this genus belong my
Turb. cyanthus, from near City Point, Virginia, in the older Eocene ; and T.
caulifera, newer Eocene, Vicksburg.

O. irroratus. Conical, sometimes elongated, recurved, transversely oval ;
sides w r ith closely arranged, acute, prominent, densely-granulated striae; lamellae
numerous and finely granulated.

Locality. Occurs with the preceding.

TURBINOLIA.

T. luniditiformis. Obtusely conical, with acute, prominent, densely granu-
lated ribs; lamellae numerous, unequal, finely granulated, three smaller between
the larger ones ; periphery profoundly indented by the prominence of the ribs.

Locality. Occurs with the preceding.

264 [January,

The Corresponding Secretary read bis report for Dec. 1854, and Jan.,
1855, which was adopted.

The Society then proceeded to an election for Standing Committees
for 1855, with the following result :

Ethnology, John S. Phillips, B. H. Coates, J. Aitken Meigs ; Com-
parative Anatomy and General Zoology, Joseph Leidy, Edward Hal-
lowell, Jno. H. Brinton ; Mammalogy, John Le Conte, James C. Fisher,
Jno. L. Le Conte; Ornithology, John Cassin, Edward Harris, Geo. A.
McCall; Herpe'ology and Ichthyology, Edward Hallowell, John Cassin,
Gavin Watson ; Conchology, T. A. Conrad, T. B. Wilson, Chas. E.
Smith; Entomology and Crustacea, Wm. S. Zantzinger, B. Bridges,
John A. Guex ; Botany, B. Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Elias Durand ;
Geology, Isaac Lea, Chas. E. Smith, Jno. L. LeConte ; Mineralogy,
Wm. S. Vaux, S. Ashmead, F. A. Genth ; Palaeontology, Thomas B.
Wilson, Joseph Leidy, Aubrey H. Smith ; Physics, James C. Fisher,
B. H. Rand, Fairman Bogers ; Library, B. Pearsall, S. Weir Mitchell,
H. C. Hanson; Com. on Proceedings, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Joseph
Leidy, Geo. A. McCall.

ELECTION.

Dr. William Hunt, of Philadelphia, was elected a Member of the
Academy.

February Qth.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The following paper, intended for publication in the Journal, was pre-
sented : " Notice of Fossils from the Carboniferous Series of the Western
States, belonging to the genera Spirifer, Bellerophon, Pleurotomaria,
Macrocheilus, Natica and Loxomena, with descriptions of eight new
characteristic species : by Joseph G. Norwood and Henry Pratten, of
the Illinois Geological Survey. " Referred to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Isaac Lea,
and Dr. Wilson.

February \2>th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. Henry G. Dalton, dated Georgetown, De-
merara, British Guiana, Dec. 28th, 1854, transmitting a copy of his re-
cent work on that country.

Also, a letter from the Zoological Society of London, dated 81st
October, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal and Proceed-
ings of the Academy.

Mr. Conrad presented for publication in the Proceedings three papers
severally entitled " Descriptions of eighteen new Cretaceous and Ter-
tiary Fossils," " Descriptions of eight new species of Cretaceous Shells
from Texas, in the collection of Major Emory," and " Description of a
new species of Melania ;" which were referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Car-
son and Mr. Foulke.

1855.] 265

February 20th.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. George Dock, dated Harrisburgh, Penna.
accompanying the donation from him acknowledged this evening.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Synopsis of the Pyrochroides of the United States :" which
was referred to Mr. Guex, Dr. Zantzinger and Mr. Cooke.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings en-
titled u Notes on North American Falconidse, with descriptions of new
species." Referred to Dr. Wilson, Col. McCall and Dr. tlenderson.

Mr. Isaac Lea exhibited a specimen of the tanned skin of the Walrus.
It consists only of the cutis vera, and is one inch and three-sixteenths
in thickness. It was manufactured near Hull, and is used for polishing
cutlery.

Mr. Cassin remarked with reference to the specimen of Crex pra-
tensis presented this evening, that it was the first he had ever known to
be obtained on the continent of America, and the species is another to
be added to the list of accidental visitors from Northern Europe. Of
this description of stragglers, the European Widgeon and the European
green-winged Teal most frequently occur, but no specimen of a land
bird had ever come under bis observation, the present specimen being
the nearest approach to it. This specimen he had been assured by Mr.
Patterson, who presents it this evening, was shot in the vicinity of
Salem, N. J., and was prepared by him from the recently killed bird.

February 27th.

Col. McCall in the Chair.

The Committees to which were referred papers by Mr. Conrad, read
February 13th, by Dr. LeConte, read February 20th, and by Mr. Cassin,
read same date, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of eighteen New Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils } fyc.

By T. A. Conrad.

Cretaceous Species.
BACULITES.

Baculites annulatus. Subcylindrical, ribbed ; ribs annular, some of them
robust, flattened, remote, and generally partially sulcated or bifurcated, the
intermediate ribs narrower and less prominent; septa bifurcating in two long
equal branches, with intermediate comparatively short segments, the foliations
very acutely angulated.

Locality. Dallas County.

HAMITES.

1. H.larvatus. Ovate-oval, obliquely ribbed; back rounded, the opposite
side truncated; ribs obsolete on the back, prominent and acute laterally, and
increasing in elevation alternately towards the back, where they are truncated

263 [February,

and form two series of salient angles or tubercles; intermediate rib nearly
equal in size, rounded on the submargin of the back, entire. (A cast.)

Locality. Dallas County.

2. H. rotundatus. Rounded ; ribs distant, acute, the intervening spaces
regularly and profoundly concave; back flattened, with the ribs obsolete and
three indistinct longitudinal lines. (Cast.)

Locality. Dallas County.

ANCYLOCERAS? D'Orbigny.

A. approximans. Rounded; ribs acute, oblique, prominent, alternated or
bifurcated at the larger end, where there are two distant series of remote
tubercles, which are not transversely opposite each other.

Locality. Arkansas. Prof. Thomas.

CRIOCERAS, D'Orbigny.

C. (Ammonceras) Conradi, Morton. This species was described from a
single specimen found at Walnford, Ocean Co., N. J. I have since obtained
another through the kindness of Miss Wain. It characterizes the lowest part
of the cretaceous series.

CAPRINA.

C quadrata. Transverse subquadrate, three of the sides flattened, slightly
furrowed in the middle.

Locality. Alabama. Jos. Jones.

CARDIUM.

Subgenus Protocardia.

Cardium Arkansense. Cordate, profoundly ventricose, inequilateral ; umbo
and summit very prominent ; disk with minute radiating lines ; posterior side
cuniform, extremity nearly at equal distance between beak and base.

Locdlily. Arkansas. Prof. Thomas.

Eocene polyp.

DENDROPHYLLIA ?

Subgenus Petrophyllia, Conrad.

Corallum not cellular, but in layers like the coats of an onion ; branches
anastomosing; central axial star having distant septa between the lamellae.

D.? {Petrophyllia) Arhansensis. Corallum minutely granulated, suboval,
sides faintly marked with vermicular lines; calicles round, not very prominent,
unequally distributed, proximate or remote; lamellae minutely serrate.

Locality. White River, Arkansas. Prof. Thomas.

Madrepora vermiculosa, Con., belongs to the genus Dendrophyllia, but not
to the above subgenus.

Eocene onultiv aires.

CHITON.

1. C. antiquics. Terminal valves subtriangular, acutely rounded at base or
subangulated, punctate, and with minute radiating impressed lines.

Locality. Claiborne, Alabama.

This species is named in the Appendix to Morton's "Cretaceous group," but
the description is now first published.

2. C. Eocenensis. Terminal valve rather acutely rounded at base ; ribs 18
or 19, rounded, unequal, a few divided by an impressed line nearly their entire
length, a few divided only near the base; surface obsoletely punctate or granu-
lated.

Locality. Claiborne, Alabama.

These two species are only known by their terminal valves, and are very rare.

1855.] 267

Miocene Species.
ANOMJA, Lin.

A. subcostata. Obtusely ovate from base to back; lower valve thick, with
interrupted somewhat tubercular radii ; upper valve thin, radii obsolete or
wanting. Height l in.

Locality. Colorado Desert. Dr. Heermann. Shell silicified.

OSTREA, Lin.

O. Heermanni. Very irregular in form, thick, ovate and subfalcate, often
dilated; lower valve shallow, the exterior very irregular, with large distant
angular radiating ribs, and with pits or cavities ; cartilage pit broad and oblique ;
upper valve flat or concave, with a profoundly irregular surface. Height 6
inches.

Locality. Colorado Desert. Dr. Heermann. Shell silicified.

MERC EN ARIA, Schum.

M. perlaminosa. Obliquely-cordate, very inequilateral, with numerous, pro-
minent, recurved, lamelliform, concentric ribs; lunule cordate, not deeply
impressed; posterior margin truncated, direct ; within purple from the pallial
impression to the base; margin finely crenulated.

Locality. California. Dr. Heermann.

Allied to M. Ducatellii, Con., of the New Jersey ?*Iioeene.

PECTEN, Lin.

P. Heermanni. Suborbicular, thin, compressed; ribs about 21, square,
smooth; ears moderate in size.

Locality. California. Dr. Heermann.

Allied to P. eboreus of the Virginia Miocene, but very distinct. Only two
inferior valves were obtained. They are slightly convex.

DIADORA ; Gray. CEMORTA, Leach.

C crucibuliformis. Oval; height about two-thirds of the length; apex,
central, curved towards the anterior margin; ribs 20 or 21, distant, narrow,
prominent ,* interstices with each a fine line.

Locality. California. Dr. Heermann.

Many authors adopt Leach's name for this genus, but I suppose it was unpub-
lished at the time Gray's appeared.

PANDORA.

P. bilirata. Oblong, very inequilateral, contracted anteriorly, convex me-
dially ; posterior side with two distant carinated lines towards the hinge margin
which is straight and not oblique; posterior extremity truncated.

Locality. Occurs w.th the preceding.

CARDITA.

C. occidentalis. Subtriangular, equilateral? ventricose; ribs 15, rounded,
wider than the interstices, and regularly granulated by transverse lines.

Locality. Occurs with the preceding.

Allied to C. , of the San Pedro recent formation, but proportionally

more elevated and having more prominent granules.

ASTARTE, Sow.

A. Thomasii. Triangular, not ventricose, inequilateral; ribs concentric,
robust, recurved ; concentric lines more or less marked, minute; towards the
posterior end the ribs suddenly become obsolete; extremity truncated, nearly

268 [February,

direct, or sloping inwards; inner margin crenulated ; lunule large, ovate, acute,
deeply excavated.
Locality. Near Mullica Hill. Prof. Thomas.

TURRITELLA.

T. secta. Turrited ; volutions flattened or plano-convex at the sides, with
minute obsolete revolving lines, a few of which are larger than the others and
remote; whorls subcarinated near the base and profoundly excavated beneath
towards the suture.

Locality Occurs with the preceding. Prof. Thomas.

Descriptions of one Tertiary and eight New Cretaceous Fossils from Texas, in

the Collection of Major Emory*

By T. A. Conrad.
ROSTELLITES, Conrad.

Univalve, elongated, with an expanded labium, and having numerous oblique
plaits on the columella.

This genus is related to Apoorhais, but differs in having a plaited columella.
The entire shell or cast has never been obtained, and the outline cannot be
determined.

Rostellites Texanus. Narrow, elongated, with a subulate spire; plaits
oblique, narrow, acute, largest above, and becoming obsolete towards the base;
whorls of the spire flattened on the sides.

Locality. Eagle Pass.

The description was made from a cast, with only traces of the shell remaining,
the substance of which appears to have been thick, A large portion of the flat-
tened columella remains. The cast is associated with Cardium congest um.

TURRITELLA, Lam.

Turritella irrorata. Slightly turrited, subulate, elongated ; whorls with four
to rive fine revolving unequal beaded lines on each, and an intermediate smooth
minute line.

Locality. Between El Paso and Frontera ?

This shell differs from T. seriatim-granulata, Roemer, in having much finer
lines and tubercles, and in having a smooth line between each of the beaded
ones. It is associated with Nodosaria occidentalism the very small Venus quiit-
quecosta, and the little Corbula occidentalis. It is imbedded in a highly fossil-
iferous, ferruginous, indurated clay, which appears to have been obtained from
the same bed with Cardium Texamtm.

CAPRINA.

1. Caprina planata. A fragment of one valve two feet or more in length,
and another smaller fragment represented in the figure. Flattened on one side
and convex on the other, a much compressed outline; the shell is very long and
narrow, falcate, fibrous, and distinctly exhibiting the small septa as they occur
in the genus Caprina. The cavities between the septa are lined with crystals
of carbonate of lime, and the shell is imbedded in white friable limestone
resembling chalk marl.

Locality. Oak Creek, near Puercos.

2. C. occidentalis. Falcate; flattened on the side of the outer curve, convex
on the opposite ; the other margins acutely rounded ; surface very obscurely
striated transversely; substance coarsely fibrous.

Locality. Near the mouth of Puercos River, Texas. A. Schott.
The matrix of this shell resembles chalk marl.

1855.] 269

NEITHEA, Drouet.
/

Neithea occidentalism Ovato-triangular, angulated; lower valve inflated,
unequally ribbed and concentrically lined, lines very fine; large ribs five,
rounded and elevated; smaller ribs equal, two in number in each of the intervals
between the larger ribs, which latter have on each side a raised line or fine rib,
giving it a trifid character; right valve flat, subconcave.

Pecten quadricostatus, var. Roemer. Kreid von Texas, p. 64, pi. 8, fig. 4.

This species differs from N. guadricostata in having but two equal ribs
between the larger ones, whilst that species has three corresponding ribs, and
it is also proportionally a narrower or more elevated shell. There is quite as
much difference between the two as between N. qnadricostata and N. quinque-
costata,.

MACTRA, Lin.

Mactra Texana. Triangular, ventricose, subequilateral ; anterior extremity
subangulated and slightly produced, much above the line of the base, which is
regularly and profoundly curved; posterior margin obliquely truncated, ex-
tremity angulated ; anterior margin straight and very oblique ; umbo prominent.

Locality. Prairie between Laredo and Rio Grande City, Texas.

This species occurs only in casts, and is placed with doubt among the cre-
taceous fossils.

EXOGYRA, Say.

1. E. fragosa. Orbicular, lower valve ventricose posteriorly, flattened an-
teriorly ; ribs very large, prominent, irregular, some of them bifurcated ; umbo
not prominent, small, flattened, inner margin rugose-striate. Differs from E.
ponder osa, Roem., in its large ribs, small umbo, &c.

Locality. Between El Paso and Frontera. Major Emory.

2. E. fimhriata. Upper valve. Very thick, profoundly convex, with ten or
twelve distant concentric imbricated lamina.

T Locality. Texas. Major Emory.

Tertiary Species.

O. contracta. Subfalcate, elongated; cavity shallow and remarkably contracted
near the hinge. Length nearly two feet.

Locality. Oyster point, near Mier, Mexico.

Description o f a Nevj Species of Melania.
By T. A. Conrad.

Melania exigua. Turrited ; volutions 8, disposed to be angulated and some-
what scalariform above, cancellated, longitudinal lines wanting on the lower
half of the body whorl ; columella reflected ; aperture elliptical. Length one-
fifth of an inch.

Locality. Colorado desert, California. Dr. Le Conte.

The specimens are numerous and of a chalky whiteness, showing that they
are all dead shells. Said to have been found one hundred and twenty miles
distant from any stream passed in the route. 1 am indebted to Dr. Caspar
Parkinson and Mr. Mactier for specimens.

270 [February,

Synopsis of the Pyrochroides of the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

The definition under which I include the native genera helow mentioned,
some of which have been widely separated by preceeding authors, may be thus
expressed.

Coleoptera heteromera, capite postice coarctato, collo (Hstincto thoraci affixo;
oculis emar^inatis praecipue magnis ; abdomine articulis 5 vel 6 liberis, para-
pleuris parallelis; coxis anticis contiguis conicis, acetabulis postice imperfectis ;
tarsis articulo penultimo saepissime calceato vel emarginato, unguibus iam ad
basin dentatis, iam simplicibus, raro appendici basali elongata (sicut in Meloi-
dis pluribus) instructis.

Thus the group differs from Anthicidae by the emarginate eyes and paral-
lel parapleural ; while dentate or appendiculate ungues are not found in that
family.

In Lagriariae the anterior acetabula are closed posteriorly and the coxae are
small; the head too is hardly constricted.

Our genera may be thus arranged :

A. Collum crassum: tarsi articulo penultimo emarginato: ungues simplices :

abdomen 5-articulatum.
Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo dilatato, triangulari Eurygenius Ferte

Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo elongato, cultriformi Stereopalpus Ferte

B. Collum tenue, tarsi articulo penultimo lobato, abdomen 5-articulatum, ar-

ticulo lmo longiore: ungues dente magno armati.
Antennae articulis 3 ultimis maioribus, elongatis Macratria Newman

C. Collum tenue ; tarsi articulo penultimo praecipue lobato : abdomen articulo

lmo hand longiore: palpi maxillares articulo ultimo longiore.
f Ungues dente magno armati : abdomen 6-articu latum PedWus Fischer

ft Unrues vix dentati ; abdomen % 6-articulatum, 9 5-articulatum.
Ungues hand appendiculati : tarsi lobati.
Oculi distantes
Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo subtriangulari Pyrochroa Fair.
Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo ovali Schizotus Newman

Oculi maximi approximati Dendroides Latr.

Ungues appendice filiformi elongata instructi : tarsi fili-

formes. Nematoplus Lee.

D. Collum tenue; ungues simplices minuti ; palpi articulo valde dilatato :

abdomen 5-articulatum, articulo lmo haud longiore. Xylophilus Bon.

Eurygenius Ferte.

1, E. Wildii, niger breviter nigro-hispidus, capite thoraceque densissime
pubescentibus, hoc canaliculato, campanulato, latitudine non longiore, elytris
pube sordida subvittatis. Long. *42.

Kentucky : a fine specimen of this species was recently given me by Mr. J. P.
Wild, of Baltimore, to whom I dedicate it with great pleasure, as a slight testi-
mony of my appreciation of his great energy and success in collecting similar
objects.

Larger than the following species. The head and thorax are very densely
clothed with brownish grey hair, with scattered suberect black hairs, and are
confluently punctured : the former is finely channelled between the eyes. The
thorax is subcordate, not longer than wide, canaliculate, much rounded on the
sides before ihe middle, with the anterior constriction distinct. The ehtra are
one half wider than the thorax, densely and coarsely punctured, with short black
hairs proceeding from each puncture; they are irregularly mottled with dense
brownish grey pubescence, with four narrow blackish vittae on each. Beneath
densely covered with grayish hair.

2. E. murinus, niger breviter nigro-hispidus, cinereo-pubescens, thorsice

1855.] 271

subcampanulato, latitudine longiore, canaliculate, elytris guttis cinereo-pubes-
centibus variegatis. Long. -38.

Le Conte, Ann. Lye. of New York. 5, 152.

Ichthydion\ murinum Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 304.

Georgia and Alabama, rare. Black, uniformily covered with ashy hair, and
with scattered short suberect bristles. Head and thorax confluently punctured,
channeled : the latter one third longer than wide, rounded on the sides before
the middle, very slightly narrowed behind; anterior constriction moderately
distinct ; elytra one half wider than the thorax, coarsely and densely punctured,
variegated with small spots of more dense ashy pubescence.

Although Prof. Haldeman's description is long anterior to the date at which
the present genus was established, he unfortunately did not give any generic
character, and I was therefore compelled to change the name given by him.

3. E. c o n s t r i c t u s , ater elongatus, cinereo-pubescens, longe griseo-his-
pidus, thorace campanulato, latitudine longiore, elytris guttis cinereo-pubes-
centibus variegatis. Long. 35 4.

Le Conte, Ann. Lye. of New York, 5, 151.

San Diego, California. Narrower than the preceding, covered both above
and beneath with ashy pubescence and long erect gray hairs : head and thorax
confiuenily punctured, not channeled : the latter is nearly one half longer than
wide, rounded on the sides anteriorly, a little narrowed behind, with the ante-
rior constriction very distinct. Elytra one half wirier than the thorax, densely
and coarsely punctured, variegated with spots of denser cinereous hair.

Stereopalptjs Ferte.

1. S. M e 1 1 y i, elongatus, fusco-olivaceus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, capite
thoraceque nigricantibus, hoc campanulato canaliculato, latitudine longiore, pe-
dibus ferrugineis. Long. 28.

La Ferte, Anthic. 5, cum tab.

South Carolina, Dr. Zimmerman : the detailed description of La Ferte leaves
nothing to be added : from the following species it is easily distinguished by its
narrower form and canaliculate thorax.

2. S. b a d i i p e n n i s , fuscus subtiliter dense cinereo-pubescens, capite tho-
raceque nigris hoc campanulato, latitudine fere breviore, elytris badio-testaceis,
pedibus ferrugineis. Long. -35.

Michigan. Body dark brown, covered with fine cinereous pubescence : head
and thorax confluently punctured, black: the line between the eyes faint: thorax
scarcely wider than long, rounded on the sides anteriorly, then obliquely nar-
rowed to the base, slightly impressed each side at the middle : anterior constric-
tion short, distinct only at the sides : elytra wider than the thorax, coarsely
punctured, the punctures smaller towards the tip; light yellowish brown. Feet
reddish yellow : first joint of the antennae brown.

3. S. guttatus, aeneo-niger, cinereo pubescens, thorace campanulato, sub-
tiliter canaliculato, latitudine vix longiore, elytris guttis cinereis variegatis.
Long. # 3.

Two specimens found at Fort Laramie, in Nebraska territory. Black, slightly
bronzed, finely pubescent : head and thorax confluently punctured, the latter not
longer than wide, rounded on the sides in front, then obliquely slightly narrowed
to the base, finely canaliculate, with a slight impression each side at the middle :
anterior constriction short, deep. Elytra densely and coarsely punctured, one
half wider than the thorax, variegated with numerous small round spots of
dense whitish hair.

Although colored like the species of the preceding genus, the palpi terminate
in a long cultiform joint.

Macratria Newman.
Macrarthria Er. Maerarthrius Ferte.
The reason for chaiging tha oiiginal name proposed for this genus rs not

07<>

i

[February,

obvious ; it has a meaning, and undoubtedly should not be altered so as to give
it a different meaning, either for the sake of uniformity of termination (!) or for
any other reason whatsoever, unless it can be shown to have been previously
occupied.

1. M. m u r i n a, sriseo-olivacea, dense sericeo-pubescens, thorace elliptico,
capite fere latiore, elytris striatis, antennarum articulo ultimo longiore. Long.
18.

Matrarthria mitrina Er., Bericht fiber, &c. Entom. 183S (in Erichs. Archiv.)

MacrarthHus mvrinus Ferte, Mon. Anthic. 16.

Dirccea murina Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 91.

Middle and Southern States ; common. Body covered with very dense serice-
ous yellowish hair. Head finely punctured, slightly convex, narrowed behind the
eyes, and subtruncate : mouth and oral organs yellow. Antennae with the sec-
ond joint scarcely longer than the third : the following to the 8th are equal ; 9th
and 10th fuscous, pale at the tip, nearly as long as the two preceding united: thorax
very little wider than the head, one half longer than wide, elliptical, margined
posteriorly, finely scabrous. Elytra striate with fine punctures : interstices very
finely scabrous. Legs varying from yellow to piceous ; the anterior pair usually
paler. The male has the 5th segment of the abdomen truncate, whereby the
6th becomes visible. In the female the 2nd segment is impressed transversely
each side. In both sexes the first segment is conspicuously longer.

2. M. confusa, atra minus dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace elongato-ovato,
capite non latiore, elytris vix seriat impunctatis, antennarum articulis 3 ultimis
elongatis subaequalibus. Long. 18.

Two males. Georgia. Darker colored than the preceding, with less dense
pubescence. Head finely and sparsely punctured, rounded posteriorly, with the
occipital impression longer than in M. murina. Mouth and its organs yellow ;
antennee with the 2nd joint scarcely shorter than the 3rd, 37 equal, 8th fuscous,
a little shorter than the 7th ; 9 11 fuscous, nearly twice as long as the 7th and
Sth united, nearly equal, the 11th being a little longer. Thorax densely sca-
brous, not wider than the head, nearly twice as long as wide, disc subelliptical,
a little narrowed behind, where it is margined. Elytra with punctures arranged
in indistinct series, interstices scarcely scabrous or punctured. Feet piceous;
base of anterior thighs rufous. First segment of abdomen hardly elongated.

The discovery of this second species within our territory seems to confirm
the opinion of Ferte, that M. linearis Neivman, (Entom. Mag. 4, 377,) is dis-
tinct from M. murina, though the great carelessness with which Newman's de-
scriptions were made, should prevent us from placing reliance on them, in the
absence of any corroborating circumstances. Newman's figure does not show
the very strong basal margin of the thorax which exists in all the species of the
genus, and where a character so evident has been omitted, we are prepared to
expect any inaccuracy whatever, both in the outline and details of the figure.

Pedilus Fischer.

1. P.punc tiilatus, nisjer tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, capite punctulato,
collo confertim punctato, thorace transverso rotundato rufo nitido, subtiliter
parce punctulato, elytris sat dense subtilius punctatis. Long. -26 32.

Variat capite fusco, elytris fusco-testaceis.

Mas, abdominis segmento quinto ventrali truncato, 6to conspicuo ; elytris
macula apicali pallida fere laevigata ad apicem impressa. Femina elytris con-
coloribus.

Le Conte, Ann. Lye. of New York, 5, 151.

San Francisco, California, on flowers, in June.

2. P. co liar is, niger tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace transverso ro-
tundato, rufo nitido, elytris parce rugosis, sat dense minus subtiliter punctatis,
punctis postice minoribus, ad apicem fere obsoletis; antennarum basi palpisque
piceis. Long. *25.

Mas latet.

1355.] 273

Anthicas collaris Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 240. (Corphyra) Say, Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 189.

Pedilus rufitliorax Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 375.

Pedilus marginicollis (var)J Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 47.

Pedilus infumatusX Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d, 1, 83.

(? ) Anthicus terminalis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 247.

Middle States and New England.

3. P. 1 u g u b r i s, niger, cinereo-pubescens, thorace treinsverso rotuntlafo,
nitido, elytris parce rugosis sat dense minus subtiliter punctatis, punctis pos-
tice minoribus ; antennarum basi palpis tarsisque piceis. Long. -2-1 *33.

Mas latet.

Anthicus lugubris Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 246: (Corphyra) Say, Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 189.
Pyrochroa infumatu Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc 3, 257.
Pedilus imus Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 375: Lee. J. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2d, 1, 8?..
Pyrochroa inornata Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 23.
Pedilus nigricans Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 4C 5 .
Middle States, New England and Lake Superior.

4. P. 1 abi at u s, niger, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, capite parce subtiliter
punctato, ore flavo, thorace parce punctulato transverso rotundato, rufo nitido,
macula magna discoidali nigra, elytris rugosis conlertim punctatis, punctis pos-
tice subtilioribus, coxis testaceis, tarsis palpisque piceis. Long. .29.

Mas, abdominis segmento quinto ventrali truncato, sexto conspicuo : elytris
mox ante apicem fovea profunda rotundata impressis, sutura in spina brevi pro-
ducta.

Femina elytris simplicibus.

Anthicus labiatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 247 : (Corphyra) Say, Bost.
Journ. 1, 189.

Pedilus marginicollis Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 47.

Middle and Western States. The coxae in one specimen are so dark as to ap-
pear almost piceous : the basal articulations of the antenna? are somewhat
brownish.

5. P. p ul c h er, niger, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace rufo transverso
rotundato, nitido, macula magna discoidali nigra, elytris confertim punctatis
punctis postice minoribus, ore palpis, antennarum articulis duobus pedibusque
rufis. Long. -35.

Mas, abdominis segmento quinto ventrali truncato, sexto conspicuo: elytris
ante apicem profunde foveatis.

Le Conte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d, 1, 84.

One specimen collected in Kentucky was given me by Prof. Haldeman.

6. P. impressus, niger nitidior, parce cinereo-pubescens, thorace trans-
verso rotundato rufo, elytris minus dense punctatis ad apicem fere obsoletis.
Long. '21.

Mas abdominis segmento quinto ventrali truncato, elytris utrinque ad suturam
prope apicem impressione profunda ovali ad apicem extensa.

Femina, elytris simplicibus.

Anthicus impresszis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 248 : (Corphyra) Say, Bost.
Journ. 1, 189.

Middle States. Resembles in color and general characters P. collaris,
but the more shining and more coarsely punctured elytra will distinguish it.
The base of the antennae is sometimes piceous and sometimes black.

7. P. guttula, niger, nitidior, parce fere nigro-pubescens, thorace magis
transverso, rotundato, rufo, elytris minus dense grossius punctatis, punctis
versus apicem fere obsoletis. Long. *20 22.

Mas, abdominis segmento ventrali quinto truncato, sexto conspicuo: elytris
macula communi rotundata, ad apicem pallida ornatis, et ad suturam leviter
impressis. Femina elytris concoloribus.

Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 375. LeConte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d, 1, 84.

274 [February,

?Anthicus terminalis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc 5, 247: (Corphyra) Say,
Bost. Journ. 1, 1S9

Middle States. The punctures of the elytra are even larger than in the pre-
ceding, but the form of body in this as in the two following is less slender, and
the thorax is more transverse than in any above described. It is impossible to
determine whether Say's description refers to the male of this or of p. c ol 1 a r i s.

8. P. N e w m a n i, niger, tenuiter fere nigro-pubescens, capite thoraceque
nitidis, hoc magis transverso rotundato, elytris minus parce sat grosse punctatis,
punctis postice minoribus. Long. -25.

Mas abdominis segmento quinto ventrali truncato, sexto conspicuo ; elytris
ad apicem gutta communi pallida ornatis, ad suturam profunde impressis. Fe-
mina latet.

Pedilas lugubri-s\\ Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 375.

One specimen, from Maine. The male of P. lugubris probably resembles
this species very closely, but the finer punctures of the elytra and more distinct
gray pubescence will enable it to be recognized.

9. P. elegans, cyaneo-niger, nitidior, subtilius fere nigro-pubescens,
thorace magis transverso rotundato, flavo, elytris discrete punctatis, versus
apicem fere leevibus, ore palpis pedibusque flavis, antennarum basi testaceis.
Long. 24 3.

Mas, abdominis segmento quinto ventrali truncato, sexto conspicuo: elytris
bulla apicali laevigata flava ad suturam leviter impressa ornatis. Femina
elytris concoloribus.

% LeConte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d, 1, 84.

% Pyroehroa elegans Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 275.

Pedilus hcemorrhoidaUs Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 46.

9 Pedilus ruficollis Ziegler, Proc. Acad. 2, 46. Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
2d, 1, 83.

Middle States.

10. P. fulvipes Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 375. Unknown to me. The
body is black and the feet yellow.

Pyrochroa Geoffroy.

1. P. flab ell at a, fulvo-testacea pubescens. elytris nigris subtiliter scabris,
antennis nigris articulis duobus primis testaceis. Long. *6 67.

Mas, capite inter oculos late concavo, vertice transversim valde excavato,
medio emarginato, et antice cornu brevi instructo: segmento abdominis ven-
trali quinto truncato sexto conspicuo emarginato : antennis modice pectinatis.

Fabr. Ent. Syst. emend. 2, 105. Syst. El. 2, 109.

Olivier, Ins. 53, tab. 1, fig. 3.

Middle States, not rare.

2. P. femoral is, nigra pubescens, elytris subtiliter scabris; capite
thoraceque fulvo-testaceis nitidis, scutello, antennarum articulo primo, coxis
femoribusque dimidio exteriore fulvo-testaceip, palpis piceis. Long. *55 66.

Mas capite inter oculos foveis duabus maximis profundis confiuentibus, alte-
risque duabus parvis anticis ; segmento ventrali 5to truncato, 6to conspicuo
testaceo valde emarginato : antennis longe pectinatis.

Femina capite inter oculos transversim excavato ; antennis breviter pectinatis.

Middle and Western States. The thorax is less transverse than in P. flabel-
lata, and is not much wider than the head.

Schizotus Newman.

1. S. cervical is, nigro-piceus cinereo-pubescens, fronte thoraceque rufis
opacis, hoc capite sesqui latiore transverso rotundato, late canaliculato, inoeqtiali,
elytris subtiliter scabris sutura margineque anguste testaceis. Long. -26 '32.

Mas capite foveis magnis maxime profundis duabus postice impressis ; abdo-

1855.] 275

minis segmento quinto ventrali truncato, sexto conspicuo subemarginato : anten-
nis longissime ramosis. Femina latet.

Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 375.

Lake Superior : found by Mr. Doubleday in Western New York.

Dendroides Latr.

1. D. canadensis, rufo-testaceus parcius pubescens, ely tris discrete pune-
tatis nigris, capite inter oculos fusco, thorace ovali latitudine fere longiore antror-
sum attenuato, postice late foveato parce punctato, antennis piceis. Long. -35
55.

Mas, oculis maximis fere continguis ; abdominis segmento quinto ventraii
truncato, sexto conspicuo ernarginato : antennis longissime ramosis.

Femina, oeulis magnis at bene discretis interstitio fusco-piceo punctato ;
antennis modice pectinatis, ramis articulis haud longioribus.

Latreille, Consid. gen. (1810.)

Pogonocerus bicolor Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 375.

Middle, Southern and Western States, not rare. The generic name given by
Latreille, has two years piiority over Pogonocerus of Fischer.

2. D. concolor, rufo-testaceus parcius pubescens, elytris discrete punctatis,
capite parce punctulato, thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum attenuato, fovea
parva basali notato laevi, antennis fuscis basi testaceis. Long. '46.

Sexus differentia sicut inL. canadensi.
Middle and Northern portions of the United States.

3. D. testaceus, saturate testaceus, parce pubescens, capite fere piceo
punctato, parcius inter oculos, thorace latitudine haud longiore antrorsum attenuato
parce punctulato, basi breviter canaliculato, elytris densius punctatis et rugosis.
Long. "46.

Femina, oculis mediocribus, bene discretis, antennis serratis, extrorsum brevi-
ter pectinatis, ramis praecipue articulis brevioribus.

Mas latet.

One specimen from Lake Superior. Differs from the preceding by the more
distant eyes, the broader thorax and the more densely punctured elytra ; the
joints of the antennae, from the 3d to the 6th are triangular, and the following
are gradually more and more produced at the extremity. In D. concolor, the
6th joint is provided with a branch nearly as long as the seventh joint.

4. Pogonocerus ephemeroides Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 348. Russian
America ; unknown to me.

Nematopltis Lee.

Caput longe pone oculos subito constrictum, collo brevi crasso : palpi maxillares
articulo ultimo ovali truncato, praecedente longiore ; labiales breves articulo
ultimo ovali truncato, ligula emarginata ; mandibular apice bicuspidatae. Anten-
nae fere filiformes, articulo 2ndo parvo, 3io 5to sequentibusque subaequalibus, 4to
contiguis paulo longiore. Thorax capiti aequalis transversus, lateribus subangu-
latim rotundatus; elytra thorace latiora parallela convexa, humeris prominulis,
apice rotundata. Pedes tenues, tarsi elongati filiformes, ungues basi dilatati, at
hand dentati, singulus appendice inferiore ungui ipsi fere aequali acuta apice incurva
instructi, paranychio parvo distincto.

1. N. collaris, niger, capite opaco, punctulato canaliculato, thorace convexo
rufo parce punctulato, canaliculato pone medium late excavato, transverso lateri-
bus subangulato, elytris confertim rugose punctatis, lineis utrinque tribus obsoletis,
ore flavo, palpis maxillaribus pedibusque piceis, artubus pallidioribus. Long. 35.

Mas segmento ventrali abdominis quinto late ernarginato, sexto laevi nitido
apice truncato. Femina latet.

One specimen, Ann Harbor, Michigan. The form is like that of Eurygenius.

76 [February,

Xylophilus Eonelli.

In this genus the third joint of all the tarsi is lobed beneath, and the fourth
joint of the two anterior pairs is very small, and received upon the third. The
proper place is still not well determined: among the Anthicides it cannot remain
on account of the emarginate eyes.

1. X. Melsheimer i, elongatus, ater, longius cinereo-pubescens, capite
postice recte truncato, thorace confertim punctato, quadrato, ad apicem angus-
tato, elytris minus convexis cribratis, testaceis, limbo omni fasciisque dentatis
tribus transversis nigris ornatis ; antennis pedibusque piceo-testaceis, femoribus
posticis obscuris. Long. *10.

Mas, antennis articulo 3io elongato, sequentibus ramo longissimo interno or-
natis, 4 11 sensim magis elongatis.

Femina antennis extrorsum paulo incrassatis, articulo 3io sequente vix lon-
giore, 4 10 longitudine aequalibus, llmo maiore et longiore.

York county, Pennsylvania ; Messrs. Melsheimer & Ziegler. Although by
the curious structure of the antennae of the male this beautiful species differs
from all the others below described, I can find no characters sufficient to cause
it to be separated as a genus. The feet vary in color, being sometimes yellow,
with only the posterior thighs fuscous: the antennas of the female are yellow;
the bands of the elytra are sometimes confluent, so that the elytra appear black
with yellow spots. The head is wider than the thorax, and the elytra are elon-
gate parallel, truncate at base, and nearly twice as wide as the thorax.

2. X. n o t a t u s, ater, parcius cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque opacis
confertim punctulatis hoc quadrato, elytris thorace duplo latioribus convexis
nitidiusculis sat grosse punctatis, guttis utrinque ante medium fasciaque lata
pone medium flavis, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis, femoribus posteri-
oribus infuscatis. Long. -08.

One specimen found in Habersham county, Georgia. The two rounded yel-
low spots before the middle of each elytron seem inclined to coalesce into a
transverse fascia. The punctures of the elytra are most distant towards the
tip.

3. X. pi c e u s, nigro-piceus, cinereo-pruinos us, capite thoraceque confertis-
sime punctulatis, opacis, hoc rotundato-quadrato, subtransverso, ad basim trans-
versim impresso, elytris thorace duplo latioribus convexis, punctatis, ante medium
versus suturam impressis. Long. -08.

Middle and Southern States : no external sexual differences were perceived.
The feet and antennae are sometimes paler and almost testaceous.

4. X. fa s c i atu s, niger nitidus, griseo-pubescens, capite thoraceque minus
subtiliter punctatis hoc transverso quadrato, elytris duplo latioribus convexis,
confertim punctatis macula maxima basali alteraque communi apicali fulvis;
antennis palpis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. -12.

Melsheimer, Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 55.

Euglenes fasciatus Haldeman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 2d, 1, 97.
Middle and Southern States. The difference between Euglenes Westwood
and typical Xylophilus is not obvious.

5. X. signatus, testaceus, cinereo-pubescens, capite confertim punctato
fusco, thorace quadrato punctato, latitudine sesqui breviore, elytris grossius
confertim punctatis convexis, macula utrinque transversa sinuata nigra ad me-
dium ornatis. Long. # 09.

Euglenes signatus Haldeman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d, 1, 97.

Middle and Southern States. The antenna?, as in the preceding, are gradually
thickened externally, the joints from the 3d to the 10th gradually broader, the
outer ones being transverse : the 11th is larger, ovoid, and acute at tip. The
transverse black spot of the elytra is sometimes broken into two rounded dots.

6. X?basalis, longior ater opacus, pube fusca brevi erecta vestitus, capite
thoraceque confertissime subtiliter punctatis, illo