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Farm and Ranch Meview—September, 194—Page K #

Photo by Don Smith.

The Farm and Ranch Review

706 - 2nd Avenue. West, Calgary, Alberta

Vol. L. James H. Gray. Editor

Contents—

Page Editorlal -.2....:..0..0co aks 5 and 6 The European Omelet .................. 7 Fair Round-Up Strawberry Rat-race -............... 12 We Need Better Hogs ..................16 Wheat Chaff*....-2:.52. 52.26 souks. 24 Kerry Wood ..........---.-----s-----s00--0e---- 27 The Garden Page ........-...--.---------- 29 Aunt Sal Fun Page. ....:..,-.2/...2-..--..---- pebecdeccasu 38

These are just a few of the many features which have made Glencoe plows

so popular with Western Farmers.

Founded in 1905 by Charles W. Peterson

eee ee Me eRe Me ee Mee ee ete

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P. Peterson, Advertising Manager

Published Monthly by Farm and Ranch Review Limited

Printed by Western Printing &

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706 - 2nd Ave. W., Calgary, Alberta Entered as Second-class Mail Matter at the Post Office, Calgary, Alberta Member of the Audit Bureau of Circulations. EASTERN ADVERTISING OFFICES: Room 410, 86 Bloor Street, West, Toronto, Ont,

W. H. PEIRCE, Representative SUBSCRIPTION RATES ;: To bona-fide farmers residing in B.C., Alta., Sask. and Manitoba when remittance is made direct to our office — 15c for 1 year, 25c for 2 years, 50c for 5 arate to all others $1.00 per year. ISPLAY ADVERTISING RATES: Ninety cents a agate line. CLASSIFIED ADVER- ISING accepted at display rates only.

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The Farm and Ranch

Editorial Page...

Newspaper hysteria does nobody in the West any good ©

HE decision of the Canadian Wheat Board to substitute a unit system for an acreage quota system of deliveries on the new crop, as a, temporary measure, will have the unanimous appreval of the farmers of western Canada. Indeed, the change was made at the request of farm organizations to overcome many disadvantages of the old “system. ‘ The advantages of the new systeni are these:

1. It will give each farmer the same initial cash income regardless of the sort of grain he has for delivery.

- 2. It will spread-the available stor-

age capacity more equitably and pre- vent some farmers from grabbing the available room at the expense of their neighbors.

3. It will provide the Wheat Board with the sort of grain for which there is a good market and tend to hold back grain for which there is less demand.

4. It will enable farmers who grow several varieties of grain to manage their farm storage better.

5. It will, if it is made a permanent feature of our marketing system, en- courage production ®f other grains.

The new system was so eminently sen- sible that the Wheat Board expected no pro- test from the farmers. It got none. But the Winnipeg Free Press, which gets hysterical just thinking about the Wheat Board, de- nounced the new measure as if a cfime had been committed against the Holy Writ.

It called the measure, "a subsistence payment appropriate to conditions of acute distress.” “The new regulations give a sharp shock to everyone in the Prairie Provinces. They will be universally recognized ~ not only here but abroad among the buyers of wheat—as-desperate emergency measures.” It went on to scream that either market prospects for the sale of Canadian wheat were so bad that emergency measures had to be taken, or that the Wheat Board had got into a panic.

The farmers of the West, whose memor- ies go back to the days when the Free Press spoke for the West and not just for the Win- nipeg Grain Exchange, will rub their eyes in disbelief at such balderdash. They'll start searching through their copies of the Winni- peg Free Press Weekly and Prairie Farmer. The search will be in vain. The owners of the Free Press no longer jeopardize the fu-

‘ture of the Free Press Weekly by permitting its editorial pages to run the line of guff it peddles to its Winnipeg subscribers.

The editors of the Weekly know how badly off the rails the editors. of the daily have got. The Weekly editors know that the

daily is completely out of tune with West- em Canada. In fact, as the election returns have demonstrated, it has even lost its in- fluence in the City ‘of Winnipeg. So none

of the daily's hysteria got into the Weekly.

The Weekly's editors have found a safe formula for handling the problems of the west. They ignore them! Seldom do they comment on anything that happens within a thousand miles of the farms of the prairies. The United Nations, Greece, France, Iran, Turkey, the United States, Formosa — these are the things the Free Press Weekly recders get on its editorial pages.

Why do we devote ourselves to anything as inconsequential as Free Press editorials? Because there are people in the world, who don't know any better, who are liable to pay attention to its monumental moonshine. Our customers abroad will hear of the Free Press and its cries of ‘blue ruin’. They will know that the paper was once the great organ of the West. They'll take it seriously and the end result will be that our wheat will be harder to sell. By its hysteria, the Free Press is selling out the interests of West- ern Canada and all its people.

How about hail research ?

S far as Alberta is concerned, this has been one of the worst hail years on record. What disturbs us about it is the number of farmers you hear about who have been hailed out three and four years in suc- cession.

What's happening to our summer weather anyway? Surely this is one of the areas of scientific investigation that should be getting some attention. How does it hap- pen that certain areas now seem to bear the brunt of the heavy hail damage? Previously they were not particularly noted for hail. Other districts that once had hail now seem to escape.

Maybe it's all blind luck. Maybe the hard hit areas will now be free of hail for the next decade or so. Or maybe there'll be hail there again next year. Hail costs the people of Alberta millions of dollars every year. That's probably ten times as much as the damage done by obscure blights to minor crops in the east. Yet batches of scientists are at work on the blights and nobody seemed to be doing anything about studying hail. Perhaps there is nothing to be learned. Perhaps the vagrant movement of hail storms will remain forever a mystery. But we think the hailed-out people would perhaps feel a little better about it if they knew that somebody was doing some worry- ing about the problem besides them. °

Farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 5

The Free Press of course has every right to be wrong. Its editors have a right to exer- cising their talents for being wrong about farm problems. But we don't think the Free Press has any right to be as ignorant as it is, when the facts are as close to it as its library files, or its telephone. In times like these, ignorance of the basic facts of life of our farm economy is a luxury the Fress Press cannot afford.

Elsewhere in this issue our readers will find the text of the Wheat Board announce- ment of both the change in the quota sys- tem and a review of its year’s operation. We commend this factual study to all our readers. From it they will see that there has been a fine job done during the past year in selling our wheat. True, our sales are down, bui they are down from record peaks, not from long-term averages.

We have come through several years of special circumstances. The Argentine, for example, had a crop failure and we sup- pled large quantities of wheat to Argen- tina's steady customers. Then Argentina had a good crop. Naturally it gat its customers back. Europe had a short crop, then Europe had a bumper crop. What causes us to have so much wheat in Canada is not any lack of success in selling it, it's the beautiful crops we have had in the last four years.

Ultimately, nature will balance things out. She always has. Right now we are in a buyer's market. The buyers are conscious of the Canadian wheat surplus and the American surplus. They‘d like to get wheat at a lower price. We want to get the best price we can for it. Well, whose side is the Free Press on? The Canadian farmer's or that of the British millers and wheat specula- tors? What good does’ it do to allow its

' blind hatred of the Wheat Board to set up

an incessant howl about the wheat crisis? The answer is: None! The one way in which the Free Press can serve Prairie agriculture best is to fashion its daily editorials on those of the Free Press Weekly. In other words, when it can’t write things about wheat that make sense, to choose some other subjects.

The truth is that the best service any of the city newspapers could do for the farm- ers is to take wheat off the front page and put it back where it belongs, on the markets page. There has been far too much front- page treatment of stories that didn't deserve front-page space. Let our city newspapers get themselves other subjects to kick around and leave wheat alone. We.are selling wheat. We have been selling it. We'll con- tinue to sell it. And unless our own news- papers stir up such an uproar that it panics our customers, we'll go on selling if at pro- fitable prices,

It's in the interest of Canada, of western Canada, of Prairie farmers and city people alike, that wheat be sold; and sold at a good price! There is nothing new in a series of bumper crops. Fat years have followed lean years, and vice-versa, since the days of Joseph in Egypt. Instead of the Free Press getting panicky, it should be happy we've had bumper crops which have enriched us all. Some day this year's crop will find its way to someone's table. So let's all get on with the business of se}ling wheat.

For goodness sake let's all remember this : .

Nobody ever got rich pulling an empty wagon around !

Page 6—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

Let’s hire school teachers not “character molders’’

UT at Vancouver last month, a delegate

to the Canadian Teachers’ Federation convention inadvertently put a finger on what's mainly wrong with the Canadian educational system. The delegate was a Montreal school principal; L. P. Patterson by name. He is quoted in the press dispatches as commenting on Alberta's teaching train- _ing scheme as follows:

“Tam vastly shocked by such an educa- tional condition. It seems unbelievable that such inadequately trained teachers should be entrusted with molding the life and char- acter of our Canadian children."

Let's stop right there. Who. in the name of common sense, says it is the function’ of our school teachers and the school system to mold the life and character of our Cana- dian children?

It has always been our belief that the schools were established to provide Cana- dian children with certain basic factual knowledge on which they could build an education. Certainly that was the function it had until the Socialists gained control of our departments of education.

The reason why education is in the mess it is, is because the teachers stopped being teachers and tried to be child spe- cialists, psychologists. and clergymen all rolled into one.

On the other hand, it was always the home and the church which have been concerned with ethical and moral training. It is the parent's responsibility to supervise the growth of the family. What is wrong, anyway, with young Canadians learning right from wrong at their mother’s knees? Nothing we know of. Yet the business of rearing children has been endlessly compli- cated by the invasion of the field by the teachers. Efforts of parents to enforce dis- cipline, to insist that their children learn that there are rewards for success and penal- ties for failure, are frustrated by the so-call- ed child psychology of the schoo! teachers.

Character isn't built by shielding a whole generation of young Canadians from the effects of failure, as our schools seem so intent upon doing. Character is built the way steel is forged by subjecting our chil- dren to continual pressure. To talk of it being a function of our schools to mold char- acter is to talk Socialist gibberish.

The teachers must take the character that is provided and exert pressure on it. That, and only that. The efforts of the So- cialist bureaucrats to force teachers to play at being God can cause only mischief. The efforts of parents to rear their children is vitiated by contradictory efforts made by the teachers. Yoo often the relationship be- tween home and school becomes .one of antagonism.

The schools are devised for the purpose of imparting instruction. In so complicated a society as ours, that is a full-time job. Isn't it about time they got back to that? Isn't it about time we had an end of insane bab- bling about little Johnny’s personal de- velopment and inferiority complex and intel- ligence test? A great deal of modern psy- chology that doesn't stem from witchcratt is mainly hallucination anyway. What is or- thedoxy today in child psychology will be heresy tomorrow and vice versa.

Let's start with the assumption that we are hiring school teachers to teach school.

Let's confess that we are neither hiring nor paying for people who are pastors, pedia- tricians and pedagogues rolled into one. Then let's restore to the teacher the right to respect and discipline in the class room. Let's read the riot act to the younger genera- tion; lay down the law that they will obey and behave, or else !

Finally, if the Canadian home has been remiss in its responsibility toward our Cana- dian children, let's call some attention to our delinquent ‘parents and insist that they, too, do their job, accept their responsibility. Let’s not worry too much over why we have drift- ed into this educational mess; or fritter away our energy in fruitless recriminations. Let's just start over this fall with schools staffed by teachers whose sole function is to teach school. If we do that, there will be no more crisis in education. It will solve itself.

Honoring

Canadians

TH awarding of the Guggenheim medal to the Rt. Hon. C. D. Howe raises a question that has troubled us for a long time: We sadly lack in Canada some means by which we can honor, with the distinction they deserve, the services of our outstanding Canadians.

We thought of this a few weeks ago_ when the Rt. Hon. Mr. Gardiner celebrated .the 40th anniversary of his entry into the

public life of Canada. It arises naturally again with the awarding of one of the great prizes in American aviation to Mr. Howe in recognition for the miracles he wrought in aircraft production as wartime minister of munitions and supply.

Both men have served western Canada nobly indeed. As it happens, they are the only members of Mr. King’s 1935 cabinet who are still in the government. They ‘served us through the depression, through the war years, through the years of reconstruction. Other men have come and gone. Mr. Howe and Mr. Gardiner have never even paused to catch their breath.

In England, such service as they have rendered would have been rewarded with titles and royal bounty. Earldoms have gone to less deserving men. Yet ttles are

an incongruity in Canada. To refer to the doughty minister of agriculture as the “Duke of Lemberg,” or to the minister of trade and commerce as the “Eart of Port Arthur” would fall comically on Canadian ears.

All right, we have banned titles so let's leave them buried. But surely it ought not to be beyond the imagination of the Canadian people to devise some way in which we can honor our outstanding sons, and in a way that the world will recognize. After they die, we can name parks after them, or mountain peaks, or even rivers. But there ought to be some way of elevating them to a place of honor among us while they are still with us.

It goes on everywhere

T isn't the source of much comfort for us to know that producers all over the world are getting short changed in the de- cline in farm prices. What has been happen- ing in Canada has been happening every- where else. Food prices have dropped drastically at the farm level and have come down less at the retail level.

In the United States, farm prices have dropped by 20 per cent since 1951, but none of the savings has been passed on to con- sumers. In some things, retail prices have risen while farm prices dropped. Milk is one example. While the farm price dropped 10 per cent the retail price rose three per cent. Farmers who supply milk to New York get 12 cents a quart for it. Those who supply Chicago sell theirs for eight cents. In both cities the consumers pay 25 cents a quart for it.

Or take the case of wheat and bread. In 1948, the U.S. wheat price hit $2.8] a bushel, and a one-pound loaf of bread sold for 13.8 cents. The farm price is now down to $1.91 a bushel and the qyerage price of a one- pound loaf has increased to 17 cents. Out of every dollar spent for food in the U.S. 56 cents goes for processing, marketing and transportation. The farmer gets 44 cents, out of which equipment and supplies take 30 cents. He is left with 14 cents to pay wages, taxes, interest on his investment and raise his family.

What has happened of course is simple enough. While farm prices have come down, wages have gone up and have been absorbed into the price structure. But the consumers, when their dollar shrinks at the market, are more liable to blame the farmer, who is innocent, than their urban neighbors,

~ who are the guilty ones.

An idea to talk about

TH announcement by the Western Stock- growers, that the association is going to hold some meetings to discuss producer marketing boards, makes sound sense.

We've never been particularly impress- ed by the arguments of those who favor the establishment of government or producer marketing boards to handle the sale of our smaller specialty crops. We won't take the time to enumerate our arguments now be- cause they are familiar to most of our readers. -But the decision of the Stock- growers to discuss the question indicates that the association has discovered the mis- takes it made last winter. Then it hurriedly rushed through a motion condemning all marketing. boards.

The change of mind is an indication that the Stockgrowers are becoming, at least, realistic. If the organization hopes to expand and prosper, it must realize that the welfare of the ranchers is tied closely with that of the farmers. It cannot allow the opinions of a few ranchers to dominate its thinking to a point where it will antagonize its farmer members.

The way to handle the argument over producer boards is to thoroughly talk it out. All farm organizations should give both sides a chance to completely ventilate their ideas for and against producer boards. Only then will reason prevail. Only then will the resolutions passed by farm organizations have either meaning or force behind them.

The European omelet just won’t unscramble

By BEN

FTER reaching a truce set- - tlement in Indo-China, and

_ then trying to give a sufficient

measure. of independence to Tunis to forestall a revolt there, Premier Mendes-France of France decided to try to put the European Defence Community treaty through the French As- sembly. But first, he attempted to amend it, and the revisions he proposed indicate the fears which many people in France have, not so much of Germany, as of the issues which exist which would cause Germany to go to war again.

: Premier Mendes-France seem- ed to have two purposes in mak- ing the amendments that.he dis- eussed with the foreign minis- ters of the EDC countries in _Brussels during the week-end of August 20. First, he hoped to work for a German settlement, leading to the country’s unifica- tion, so that EDC would not be ‘necessary at all. Second, if a German settlement proved im- possible at this time, he wanted EDC set up so that Germany could not use it as a tool in try- ing to obtain unification (and maybe, as well, the return of territories lost to Poland and Czechoslovakia) by force.

‘: To this end he proposed that.

each member of the European Defence Community — France, Italy, West Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg — ,have the authority to veto -de- cisions of the EDC administra- tion. Thus, if Germanysfor ex- ample,; wanted the European army created by the EDC treaty to do something, Germany would need more than a major- ‘ity of the other members to -agree. There would have to be unanimity, ‘which meant that each country had equal weight with Germany in making deci- sions.

Second, a member could with- draw after 20 years, upon giving a year’s notice, instead of. hav- ing the treaty last for 50 years, as previously conceived. Per- haps most important, after the EDC treaty had been ratified by the Lower House of the French Assembly, there would be an in-

*terim of two months before it would be brought before the «Upper House.

During this period, a settle- ment of Germany would again be sought with the Russians; the Russians could be told that ‘unless they agreed to a unified ‘Germany where free elections :could be held at once — a fea- ture- the Russians have always .objected to — the Upper House of the French Assembly would ratify the EDC treaty and West- ern Germany would be rearmed

‘—an event that Moscow un-

doubtedly fears.

MALKIN

Fear of Germany

At the time he made his pro posals, Mr. Mendes-France was criticized from all sides as sa-

botaging EDC. At the same}.

time, various reasons were given why EDC was absolutely neces- sary, to defend Europe both from the Russians and ‘the Ger- mans. said Western Europe couldn’t be defended without the 12 divi- sions West Germany was to con- tribute to EDC.— as if the Rus-

sians, for their part, couldn’t|. . raise an extra-12. divisions to};

match the German contribution. Others pointed out that the is- sue was not whether Germany should be rearmed, but how, and that it was better for Germany

to be rearmed as part of a Euro- |-

pean army, where it could be kept under control, rather than independently. ,

But there is no doubt that if Germany were a member of a European Defence Community in which majority decisions affected policy, its voice would be so dominant, simply because it would be the strongest mem- ber of the Community, that it could conceivably use the EDC as an instrument of German

-policy. And German policy is to

unify Germany and then get back territory lost in the -east and southeast. ‘There can be no

doubt about that, and Mr. Men- |;

des-France knew it.

" Undoubtedly, that's why he seemed so anxious to have an- other try at reaching a settlement with Russia over German unifica- tion, and if that couldn't be done, to have an EDC set up in which it would be somewhat more difficult for a single very strong member, such as Germany, to swing things its way.

Both the West and Germany have agreed in principle that unification is needed, but the trouble is, each side wants a unified Germany which will lean toward it. What both sides seem to forget is that whether a uni- fied Germany were to be an ally of the West or, as is possible, of Russia, Germany would follow policies that were. good for Ger- many, not for any other coun- try. The only way to keep a unified Germany from being a threat to peace, as so many fear, is not to seek it as an ally, but to have a United Nations in which both Russia and the West are prepared to work together for peace, instead of against each other.

‘A silk train, running from|) Vancouver to Brockville, Ont.,.

set'a-speed record in 1891 by covering the 2,798 miles in 76 hours and 31 minutes.

President Eisehhower |

Farm. and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 7:

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Page 8—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

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We sold lots of wheat and the outlook is sper:

By GEORGE H.

McIVOR

Chairman, Canadian Wheat Board

es heage crop year 1953-54 can now be appraised in gen- eral terms even though final sta- tistics are not yet available.

Incomplete statistics indicate that producers’ marketings of all grains in the West will slight- ly exceed 600 million: bushels which was the marketing objec- tive of the Board and the deliv- ery quotas which were estab- lished from time to. time throughout the crop year. This figure compares with the all- time marketing record of 845 million bushels in 1952-53 and average marketings of 474 mil- lion bushels in the 10-year per- iod from 1941-42 to 1950-51 in- clusive. Producers’ marketings of all grains in~1953-54 may therefore be described as. well above average even though smaller than during the previous crop year.

It now appears that marketings of wheat in the Prairie Provinces in 1953-54 approached 400 million bushels which represents an aver- age delivery of slightly over 16 bushels per seeded acre. These wheat deliveries were forthcoming under the open delivery quota which existed from August Ist to August 14th, 1953, the open delivery quota on Durum grades of wheat and the 7 bushels per specified acre. general delivery quota.

It is interesting to note in passing that during the period of abnormally large crops in the Prairie Provinces from 1951 to 1953, inclusive, producers’ mar- ketings of all grains were as fol- lows :

Million date

1ODT-D2e Sa a eas 34 AOD 25S ors ee es . 845 1953-54 (Preliminary) .....: 600

Thus in a period of 36 months under the impact of abnormally large crops producers in the Prairie Provinces marketed 2,179 million bushels of grain. At the end of this 3-year period stocks of grain remaining on farms totalled less than 300 million bushels.

_ It should also be noted that on August Ist, 1953, there was very little space available in country elevators and in the main the extent of producers’ marketings in 1958-54 reflected the actual disposition of western grain in domestic and export trade. Final figures -will probably show that the commercial disappearance of grain in domestic and export trade for the crop year 1953-54 amounted to some 575 million bushels; again a figure which is below the record. disappearance levels of 1952-53 but well above average.

Same Pattern

The crop year 1954-55 starts with about the same country elevator position as on the same date in the previous crop year; i.e,, country elevators generally well filled with grain. Therefore, in 1954-55 the quantity of grain which producers will be able to market again depends upon the volume of domestic and export sales. Correspondingly the rate of producers’ marketings . of grain in 1954-55 will relate very definitely to the rate at which western grain moves into con- sumption in Canada or moves into export channels; conse- quently it would appear at the start of the present crop year. that producers’ marketings will be steady throughout 1954-55 and will follow very closely the pattern of sales accomplish- ment.

- While the extent of domestic and international demand for western grain for the crop year 1954-55 is not yet established, the Board at this time does not see any reason for lesser producers’ marketings in 1954-55 than in the crop year which has just closed. In other words, the outlook for producers’ market- ings of grain in 1954-55 is some- where in the neighborhood of: 600 million bushes with some variation

depending upon market develop- menis.

It was against this ; general background that the Board an- nounced its quota policy for . 1954-55 follows the pattern of the policy in effect in 1953-54. The deviations are in the direc- tion of adequately meeting mar- ket demand, in providing more equity in the income to be de- rived from minimum quotas and thereby providing more flexibil- ity in the type of grair which producers can market.

The Board’s announcement of delivery quotas first included a temporary provision for the marketing of up to 1,000 bushels of oats or barley or a combina- tion of both these grains not to exceed 1,000 bushels. This pro- ' vision was thought advisable be-

cause of a substantial current.

demand for these grains and the relatively small. commercial stocks of oats and barley at the commencement of the new crop year. This provision will be help- ful to sproducers especially in areas where oats ‘and barley are major crops. This provision is temporary only and will be sus- pended when initial delivery quotas for 1954-55 are brought into effect.

It will be recalled in 1953-54 the Board made provision. for certain minimum delivery quo- tas. This policy was generally received with _ satisfaction throughout the Prairie Pro- vinces especially on the part of producers farming smaller acre- ages. The minimum quotas es-

tablished during the past crop. .

year provided for minimum de- liveries of a specific number of bushels of grain. For example, under the initial delivery quota of 3 bushels per specified acre as established a year ago, provision was made for the delivery of a minimum of 500 bushels. of grain. While-this provision was undoubtedly helpful, the great- est monetary advantages ac- crued to producers who were able to deliver their minimum quota in the form of wheat. The minimum provisions effective a year-ago were not as attractive to producers whose major crops were oats, barley or rye.

New System

In searching for more equit- -able minimum delivery provi- sions for the present crop year the Board felt that minimum quotas should recognize the monetary value of the various grains. In accomplishing this result the Board has designed a unit basis’ and on the effective

date of the Board’s initial quotas *

for 1954-55 all producers will be entitled to deliver 100 units, each unit being equivalent to 3 bushels of wheat or 8 bushels of -oats or 5 bushels of barley or 5 bushels of rye. When the new policy comes into effect each producer will be entitled to de: liver a maximum of 300 bushels

’ of wheat or 800 bushels of oats

or 500 bushels of barley or 500 ‘bushels of rye or any combina- tion of these grains which does not exceed 100 units. It is the hope of the Board that the modi- fication in the minimum quota policy effective during the past crop year will better Serve the interests of producers irrespec- tive of the type of grain which they produce on their farms. The initial quota outlined above, when authorized, will be- come part of the minimum quota which the Board intends to es-

tablish for all producers as space.

permits. To grant the whole of the intended minimum delivery quota at this time with only limited storage space available

would result in many producers

having a less equitable oppor- tunity of making delivery than will be the case under the

-policy outlined. The balance of

the intended minimum delivery quota for the season will be handled along. similar lines to the above, after which the Board proposes. to institute quotas. based on specified acre- age similar to those of the crop year 1953-54.

It is important to understand that producers’ deliveries in 1954-55 will be based upon bushels per specified acre -sub- ject of course, to minimum pro- visions as announced on July 29th and such. additional mini- mum provisions as may be-an-

“nounced as the crop year de-

velops.

‘A number of reasons contri- buted to the Board’s decision to defer the effective date of the initial quotas and the com- mencement provisions as out- lined above. The Board desires to acquire larger working stocks of oats and barley at an early date. In addition the deferment will permit a thorough examin- ation of the country elevator positions at the 2,100 delivery points in the Prairie Provinces following heavy marketings and shipments in July and especially in the last two weeks of July.

The 1954 grain crop in the Prairie Provinces is now in its critical growing stage and it will be some time yet before the final out-turn of the crop can be ac- curately estimated. In the mean- time, however, it is known there are substantial 'stocks of mar- ketable grain now on farms which have been carried over in the new crop year; consequently

irrespective of the volume of |i

production in 1954 another large year of country grain handling is assured. As in previous crop years, the best efforts of country elevator agents, handling com-

panies and all agencies engaged |

in the moving and merchandis- ing of western grain will again be essential.”

Farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 9

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Page 10—September, 1954——Farm and Ranch Review

HE marketing of Canada’s large grain surplus in an orderly manner without bringing about

a disastrous price slump is one of the knottiest —

problems facing this country at the present time.

Between 1929 and 1932, when Canada’s wheat carryover averaged 130,000,000 bushels

at the end of each crop year, wheat THE GRAIN £22225 from $1.73 to 38c FARMERS’ DILEM MA Canada and throughout the world resulted in a decline in the price of wheat

a bushel — a de- in the eight months between January and Sep-

cline of $1.35 a bushel. tember from $1.54 to 75c a bushel—a drop of: 97c.

In 1938 good crop prospects in

The latest government estimate of Canadian wheat carryover, July 31st last, was 587,000,000 bushels. That large carryover resulted from exceptional production in the Prairie Provinces. In the past thee years in this area wheat pro- duction totalled 1,777,000,000 bushels or an average of over 590,000,000 bushels a year compared to the long-time average of 375,000,000 bushels a year.

With the large carryover to which is to be added the new crop which has been estimated at 487,000,000 bushels ruinous prices would surely prevail except for the marketing power provided by the Canadian Wheat Board.

A late spring season, hail and persistent bad weather in many parts of the province have provided sufficient vicissitudes for grain farmers without those people having to face the dread of a price collapse. Such an event would not only prove disastrous to agriculture but to the whole economy of the nation.

With plugged elevator -facilities bringing about financial trouble, the farming industry is faced with a serious situation. Patience and the support of the Canadian people in all walks of life are needed to carry Canada’s main industry through a pericd of crisis.

“FARMER

AN ©,

y ssa O- OPERAT seas [7's ALBERTA Poot ELEVATORS ror ALBERTA FARMERS”

Here’s a run-down. of the fair champions

By GRANT

MORE than a million people paid admissions to the five exhibitions comprising. the Mid-West’s A-Circuit which opened at Brandon on June 28th and concluded at Regina on July 31st. What percentage of the visitors took time to inspect the livestock is difficult to esti- mate but the fact remains that the entries were the largest seen in years and show barns were generally crowded.

Gone are the days when a train-load of cattle, horses, sheep and pigs will complete the five-week exhibition tour, but any pursuant reduction in “cir- cuit stock” has been more than made good by an increase in local and semi-local herds and flocks exhibiting at one, two or three shows. - Having regard to the breeders who showed at one or two exhibitions, it was prob- ably correct that a greater total number of exhibitors were in the 1954 competitions than in any previous year,

Eastern herds, once fairly numerous, have not been com- ing over the mid-western circuit in recent years, but 1954 wit- nessed three United States herds in the contests at one or more of the “Big-Five’’ shows, to add to interest and competition.

The only livestock exhibit to start at Brandon and finish the season at Regina, five weeks later, was the string of draft horses owned by George Mc- Kenzie of Belbeck, Sask. Al- though a new exhibitor, Mc- Kenzie’s six-horse team of Bel- gians and his undefeated Bel- gian mare won plaudits every- where he went. When his six- ton, six-horse team went to the top in the Clydesdale stronghold at Brandon, a lot of people said, in astonishment, that they didn't suppose it could happen there.

Great Win

The big sorrels not only topped a class of five six-horse teams but also a class of eight four-horse teams. At Calgary, the McKenzie “six’’ repeated in a field of five big outfits but took second place to the Fleming and MacDonald Clydesdale entry in “fours’’. At Saskatoon, the J. D. McCharles entry of Clydes- dales from Pleasantdale, won the six-horse team honors with McKenzie second, but at Regina where the teams met for the last time, the order was revers-

‘ed to give the McKenzie outfit

three wins out of four.

The undefeated Belgian mare, Paragon Kitty, has had a long and notable record of champion- ships, first for her breeder, Robert Thomas of Grandora, and now for George McKenzie. “Kitty” took her place in har- ness in the McKenzie six-horse

MacEWAN

team, which also included the two massive sorrel geldings, Larry and Gale, that Mr. Mc- Kenzie bought from the late Hon. David Ure, a very short time prior to the Alberta Minis- ter’s death.

The strong competition in four- horse and six-horse teams was a fea- ture of the 1954 exhibition circuit ai- thought the entry of breeding draft horses was ominously light. In Clydes- dales there was a different grand champion at every show but in Percherons, the North Battleford mare Sangamo Queen, owned by Carl M. Miller, won the highest award at Saskatoon and Regina, while Hardy Salter of Calgary saw his four-year- old Bowslope Koncarhope, by Koncar- hope, win the reserve stallion cham- PAionship at Calgary and the grand awards at Saskatoon and Regina. ° When the championship ribbons were hung on the Percheron mares at Cal- gary, there was special satisfaction for Hardy Salter when it was noted that the grand champion Koncar Jasonette was the mother of the re- serve grand champion, Starlight Kon- . carpeggy by Koncarhope., Striking ‘ among the Perchon winners was the | large number of horses sired by Kon- carhope, that Canadian Government

stallion that stood at Lacombe and is -

now at Brandon.

Cattle rings witnessed some of the largest classes in years; Herefords and Holsteins had the biggest entries. The presence of two United States herds, Davis Hereford Ranch of Color- ado and Bear Paw Ranch of Wyom- ing, sharpened both competition and interest in Herefords at Calgary, Ed- monton and Saskatoon. These two show herds returned to the United States following their Saskatoon ap- pearance, in order to keep State Fair appointments.

Fine Bull

The Davis Ranch summer yearling bull, Perfect Zato Mfxer, was unde- feated for grand championship at the three western exhibitions and was considered by many spectators to represent the best combination of size, quality and character that has ben seen in a long time. Brandon patrons saw another American-bred sensation win the grand champion- ship for bulls; this was TH Larry On- ward 52nd, which R. J. McClement bought in South Dakota last year for $10,260 and showed to the reserve championship at the Canadian Royal Winter Fair in 1953.

The Colorado herd won the Here- ford female championship at Calgary and Saskatcon, with its junior year- ling Baca D. Duchess 16th, but at Edmonton an Alberta-bred heifer, Canyon Silvery Return 3G, which had been reserve senior champion at Cal- gary, triumphed over all-comers to win grand championship. At Brandon, it was a Dunn heifer from Silverton, Manitoba, that won the grand.

Comparatively new breeders won the grand championship Shorthorn honors at Brandon; O. C. and N. C. Brown from McConnell won the grand for females and R. A. Wilson and Son, Pilot Mound, for bulls. At Cal- gary, where William McGillvary, son of Scotland's celebrated Shorthorn breeder, Capt. John McGillvary of Calcrossie, judged the classes, spec- tators saw some of the first calves

ay At

from Calrossie Higland Piper, the bull that A. R. Cross bought at Perth for. over 10,000 guineas. One of those calves, Rothney Golden. Rod was grand champion bull and he also fig- ured in the winning get ‘of sire.

T. G. (Tommy) Hamilton, Innisfail, showed his summer yearling heifer, Rannoch Golden Drop to the female championship at both Calgary, and Edmonton, and his bull Rannoch Eventide that placed reserve grand at Calgary, was grand at Edmonton. The Hamilton heifer was placed over her calf brother at Edmonton to win the Joe Johnson Memozgial trophy, _ ‘symbolic of the supreme champion-

ship in Shorthorns, both sexes com-* ' peting.

Keen Competition

Bert Freitag, Alameda, had the grand championship Shorthorn bull at Regina with a Melnyk-bred bull he bought at the spring sale at Saska- toon, and Rhys Williams and Son, Melville, had the champion female at “both Regina and Saskatoon. An un- usually interesting battle for the Shorthorn bull championship develop- ed at Saskatoon, with the chief con- testants being Killearn Sentry 25th, a grandson of Killearn Max 5th and exhibited by Jesse Peasley, Dundurn, and Max William’s Pride, a Melnyk- bred bull bought by the University of Saskatchewan at the Calgary Spring Bull Sale this year for $1,700. It was— the Peasley bull that triumphed with the. University entry named reserve.

One of the most striking Aberdeen- Angus successes of the season came to W. L. McGillivary of Coaldale, who

. won both the male and female cham- pionships at Calgary, and the bull championship at Edmonton. His bull winner was Queenman of Southaven and his cow was Blackbird Beauty Lass; this cow, incidentally, was grand champion female at Calgary Exhibition in 1953, while her twin sis- ter was reserve senior champion at the same show. Lawrence Gray show- ed the champion cow at Brandon, Old Hermitage, the champion cow at Ed- mentcn, Bell Brothers of Keystone, the champion at Regina, while at Sas- katoon, T. Soggie of Loreburn had things to’ himself and won both male and female honors. And D. G. Hutch- ison, of Virden, who showed Avalon’s Bandolier 16th to the grand cham- pionship for Aberdeen-Angus bulls at the first exhibition of the season, took his show herd to the concluding show on the circuit, Regina, and repeated with the same bull and added a couple of reserve championships to his list of successes.

Great Holstein

One may venture the opinion that the season’s feature attractions in Holsteins were the bull Larwill Ladys- man that was grand champion at Calgary for Hays Ltd., and the cow Exranco Valdesse Bess Burke, grand champion at Saskatoon and Regina. The massive Calgary bull, weighing 8,000 pourtds, has won many cham- pionships in previous years, but the cow in question, owned by Hillridge Farm, Saskatoon, was making her Canadian debut. Shown in milk and with beautiful lines and symmetry, this newcomer had been bought by E. C. Thode at the Hickory Creek sale in Illinois for his new Saskatchewan herd. At Saskatoon, after winning the grand championship for Holstein cows,-she won the Royal Bank award for the best dairy animal, any breed, male or female, from a Saskatchewan herd.

The Siouxland Holsteins show-herd from ‘Grande Forks, North Dakota, made its first and only Western Cana- dian appearance at Brandon Exhibi-

- tion and won the reserve grand cham-

pionship for females. Both grand championships for the breed at Bran- don were won by Rockwood Holsteins, St. Norbert, Man. The Rockwood herd did not go to Calgary and Ed- monton, but rejoined the circuit to attend Saskatoon and Regina, where the Rockwood bull, Rockwood Mer- cena Wayne Rocket was grand cham- pion and another Rockwood entry, Rockwood Princess T.J.R. Mistress by Westland Hayden Monarch, was re- serve champion female. Pickard and Clark of Acme, had the grand cham- pion cow at Calgary and the grand champion bull at Edmonton, while J. W. Hosford and Son, South Edmonton, won the grand award for cows at Edmonton.

The only Jersey breeder to show at three exhibitions was Fred Thompson of Fairlight, Sask. At Brandon, Sas- katoon and Regina, Thompson won three grand championships for bulls and two for females. ‘The bull win- ning the highest award at Saskatoon and Regina, Grafton Carry On Bea- con, is a son of Grafton Carry On Toots with which Fred Thompson-won many honors in other years. And an- other ‘Toots’, Grafton Illustrious Toots; grand champion cow of the breed at Saskatoon and Regina, was placed second to the imported Hol- stein cow in the Saskatoon contest for the best dairy animal of any breed and either sex shown by a Saskatche- wan exhibitor. 2

C. D, and D. J. Enman of Wetaski- win showed both bull and cow cham- pionships at Edmonton, while the championship. for Jersey cows .at Brandon was won by Alex Airth of Stonewall, and the highest awards at Calgary went to Mrs. Alice B. Longe- way and Sons, on bulls, and Neil F. Yeabsley, on females.

Calgary, as usual, had the biggest showing of Ayrshires where a straight young cow, Pioneer Chrysalis, owned by A. L. Young of Brooks, was the grand champion female and Glengarry Pansy’s Burton, a five-year-old, was grand champion bull for the pioneer firm of Richards Brothers, Red Deer. The cow had won in Calgary com- petitions betore, having been first in

-her class as a three-year-old and re-

serve grand champion last year. And the Richards bull is one bought in On- tario-at the time of last year’s Royal Winter Fair, to head the Red Deer herd. He was grand champion at Edmonton, also. .

Red Polls were shown at all of the exhibitions except Calgary. Sheep classes varied a good deal in size with the biggest contests in Suffolks at Calgary where there were as many. as 24 entries in a class. Pig competition was consistently keen and the breed- ers demonstrated that they will have quality breeding stock ready for the fall demand.

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Page 12—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

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They never ‘stop searching

for better berry strains

By TOM

if MET a lady in Vancouver the

other day who knows. what it means. to have good, healthy plants. Besides running a dairy farm for more years than most women care to admit she work- ed with strawberry plants for close to twenty years.

The same principals of selec-’

tion, culling and propagation were followed with the straw- berry plants as she had learned were sensible policies = use in the dairy herd.

But she had to give up the business of producing high pro- ducing strains of strawberry plants. She told me that the berry growers are not willing to pay the price for good plants.

To her, a good: plant was more than one that was healthy. A poor yielding plant can-be heal- thy. What she had been look-

|| ing for was a plant which would

yield more than the average. Care was taken each year to se- lect the strongest plants. They were staked and then the pro- duction from each staked plant was weighed and recorded.

She had set.up her own R.O.P. station for strawberry plants. The Record ef Production had to be twice as good as the average or the plant would never be used to .propagate more strawberry plants. She said some of the plants could produce up to seven pounds in one season.

I did some quick calculating when she told me that. At ten thousand plants on one acre and if I could sell all my production at the jam factory at 16c a pound — why I could make $11,000.00 or more off one aere. But my dream was quickly shat- tered when she said the plants had all been ploughed under and the land: was back in pasture for the cows.

Now, she said, the govern- ment is going to run some tests to find out what is wrong with the production from the straw- ‘berry plantings in the Fraser Valley.

We may end up with straw- ‘berries like I tasted in Cali- fornia. Or “did not” taste, I should say, because they had only. the colering and appear- ance of strawberries. There was no flavor.

No Taste

Strolling through one of their large super-markets I was struck by the size and beauty of the berries. They were packed perfectly and the boxes re filled. Here, I thought, was the opportunity to make up for the season I had missed at home. But underneath all that luscious exteri and pulp.

Those strawberries’ turned out to be a new variety selected for its ability to produce heavy yields. What the yield per acre

di was I never did find out, but i

was sweetened water

“They have promised:

LEACH

imagine the growers were con- tented.

That seems to be the history of small fruit production at least over the past fifty years on the west coast. A good producing variety has been planted ex- tensively. Young runners are taken from the parent plants. and set out in new land until Someone discovers that the yield is not so good as it used to be. Then someone pops ME with a new variety. -

At one time in the history of. the strawberry business in the Fraser Valley the growers bet their last dollar on Magoon: One special feature of this berry was its ability to take the bumps of long distance rail shipment: Be- sides that it was a fairly good yielding berry. But suddenly growers discovered that it was producing a large percentage of malformed berries. The word got around that it was “running out’’.

Then the Marshall came into prominence. A good solid berry, it was preferred by the’ jam companies. But it could not be shipped any distance and re- quired extra rich soil conditions to produce a good crop. It did not last long.

Meanwhile a Japanese grower observed a few individual plants in a shipment of Cambells which he had purchased, were a little different from most of the ship- ment. He kept them separate and watched them produce ex- . tra large berries.

More ‘Names

It required several years to multiply the plants into- suffi- cient numbers to set out a large acreage. He managed to. get enough in seven years to.pro- vide a shipment of crates to the prairies. And apparently people liked them. The ‘consumers in Vancouver also were favorably impressed with this RA WwoPEEy which had more names the time it came on the market than you can count on your fingers.

It was jokingly called Bull’s Tongue at first and after a series of rechristenings it emerged as the British Sover- eign. It became.the standard for comparison with new varie- ties. It proved to; be a good pro- ducer and some growers har- vested as much as eight tons per acre. It blebs stand up. under shipment for a:long distance. it had a good flavor ‘and when the jam makers learned how to han- dle it they. were satisfied with it

‘for processing. But now; word

is getting around that it is ‘ ‘run- ning out’.

One of the largest. co- opera- tives which handles the straw- berry crop from hundreds of acres in the Fraser Valley has been promoting a new variety. ‘owers

heavier yields and a number of

growers have grasped at this as though it was their only salva- tion. The idea brought con- sternation to the plant scien- tists.

They agreed that the North- west variety could produce a heavy yield of strawberries. They seemed satisfied with the appearance and flavor of the erop. What they knew and re- garded as a serious menace to the small fruit producing indus- try was that this berry carried a virus disease. It was like a ty- phoid carrier in humans. Cap- able of living with the disease itself but liable, when conditions were favorable, to pass the virus along to other varieties which wowfid succumb to the disease.

They warned growers not. to plant the new variety near other plantings. Go ahead and try the new variety if you want to, they told the growers, but at least keep them far enough away from your present crop so that this virus won’t infect your Bri- tish Sovereigns.

If the yield proves better, there is little chance of their warning being heeded. The urge to obtain a larger crop and the consequent higher dollar return per acre will undoubtedly prove irresistable. Whatever British Sovereigns are missed by the plough in an effort to replant with the new variety may gra- dually disappear from lack of attention. When they are gone we will again hear the old re- frain ‘whatever became of those wonderful berries that used to be grown in the Fraser Valley?”

What the government hopes to do with the demonstration

plots in the Valley next year is to show that everything is not as bad as it seems. They will try and maybe prove to growers that all is not lost; that manage- ment may prove a partial an- swer to the declining yield of a good variety of strawberries.

Improved. Yield

Ingtances of improved yield have already come from Oregon farms where growers are still sticking to Marshals even though the variety has “runout” in British Columbia. Growers 250 miles south of the Fraser Valley have doubled and tripled

their production per acre. by |’

building their soil up, by heavy applications of manure and fer- tilizer. They have improved their average yield more than two tons per acre.

Good plants are also a part answer to their success in main- taining good yields. But grow- ers of commercial berries must realize the value of those plants if they want to have a consistent supply available. They must be prepared to pay a premium for them. ‘So far there has never been sufficient demonstration to show what they might be worth.

Iam ready to go along with

any plan which may show the growers how to get a paying harvest of those rich straw- berries with flavor that gets right down to the core. The Bri- tish Sovereign developed a repu- tation which will be hard to beat with a new variety. And adopt- ing-a new variety now would only once again defer the day that we would have to tackle this problem of how to: main- tain yield.

Here’s the answer

fo rats and

is lores of warfarin by agricul-

tural and public health offi- cials across Canada have result- ed in complete kill or satisfac- tory control in more than 97 per cent of rat-and-mouse infesta- tions.

The tests were conducted by Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation in co-operation with some 300 provincial and Domin- ion government agriculturists, private and industrial farms, medical officers of health and municipal sanitary inspectors and agricultural. schools and colleges. Tests were conducted in every section of Canada.

Reports were received by the Foundation on 202 of the tests and showed a complete kill or satisfactory control in 197 cases. Unsatisfactory results were reported in only 5 cases.

Warfarin is an anti-coagulant rodenticide discovered by Dr. Carl Paul Link of the University of Wisconsin biochemistry de- partment. It has been used with a great deal of success in con- trolling rodent infestations in a wide variety of conditions and has been endorsed by many gov- ernment agricultural and public renee ara § cas oe ee es & :

SEE RSE

e@ MMtice . health officials and agricultural

schools and colleges in both Canada and the United States.

The tests were condueted over an 18-month period in all sea- sons of the year. Material used was ready-to-use (.025%) war- farin, supplied by the Founda- tion, and similar to that on sale under various commercial brand names. No instructions for use, except those found on labels of commercial brands of warfarin, were issued.

The material was tested in granaries, grain elevators, sta- bles, piggeries, barns, compost piles, henhouses, outbuildings, corn cribs and homes in farm areas and bakeries, butcher shops, food stores, creameries, apartment buildings, restau- rants and garbage dumps in ur- ban areas. In a number of cases, it was also used successfully to control field mice and moles in orchards.

Of the total reported cases, 34.6% had a complete kill of rats or mice, 62.87% had satis- factory control, while 5 cases, or 3.48% reported “unsatisfactory control”.

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Farn® and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 13

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» Page 14—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch*fReview

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What is the most

By REV.

To night before the Crucifix-

ion Jesus warned Peter that Satan was out to get him. But our Lord added, ‘TI have»prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not.” John also records that Jesus prayed for the rest. of the dis- ciples. More than that, as John gives us the prayer at the Last Supper, “Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which. shall believe on me through their word.” That is, Jesus not only prayed for Peter and the disciples. He prayed for

‘| us. And the Bible tells us that | He is still praying for us.

Christ is praying for .me: that is the greatest fact of my life. I do not think anything is more encouraging than to know that someone is praying for you. It means that. someone is think- ing about you, someone cares about you, someone loves you._ Intercessory prayer has been de- fined as “loving your neighbor on your knees.”

But intercessory prayer is much more than that.. Recent tests have shown the tremend- ous effect of mental telepathy. But intercessory prayer is more than telepathy. I do not think it is possible to think of a per- son without -influencing them. What a great deal more ae has prayer!

Intercessory prayer has a good effect on the one who prays. Thus Constance Garrett says that “We are blessed even as we seek a blessing for others.” The great preacher, James Stewart of Edinburgh, says that he seldom makes an errand to God for another without going away with a greater blessing himself.

Great saints have believed in intercessory prayer. Thus Moses asked that if God would not bless the people, to blot his name out of the Book of Life. Paul was willing to be accursed if it might save the people. Oliver Cromwell prayed, “Lord, though Iam a miserable and wretched creature, I am in covenant with Thee for Thy people. Lord, how- ever Thou do dispose of me, continue and go on to do good to them.”’ What an encouragement

| to know that someone loves you

like that!

And I know that I have gain- ed more power from knowledge of folk who prayed for me in my

j congregation from almost any-

thing else — except one thing.

All of us need encouragement. Helen Warden Erskine has a book, “Out of this World’, tell- ing the story of people who hid out from life. She tells of two brothers, Langley and Homer Collyer. One of them has been a

| concert pianist, another had

been a fine scholar, a Phi Beta Kappa. They lived like penniless

hermits, shut in their room. But:

| encouraging fact of my life ?

FRANK §.

MORLEY

when police broke in they found _thousands. of dollars in the room.

Ella Wendall lived on stylish Fifth Avenue in complete retire- ment, despite the fact that she was worth fifty million dollars.

A rash of suicides has broken out among children. A boy of eleven committed. suicide leav- ing word that he was “tired of. life’. A sixteen-year-old girl committed suicide sayif@@g she was “disappointed in love’. A girl of fifteen committed suicide

ecause she was forbidden to smoke. Two teen-agers,. attend- ing university in New York, liv- ing in a fashionable apartment, with everything to live for, at- tempted suicide. One succeeded in killing herself. The other was taken to hospital in critical con- . dition. She had written a note _telling of being tired of life. As sociologists’ say, suicide among children is a most unnatural phenomenon. It rises from the insecurity of our age.

Perhaps our discouragement does not come from any prob- lem we face. It may just be a mood as that Etta Oldham tells about:

“‘Jis’ blue, God, Jis’ blue:

Ain’t prayin’ exactly jis’ now, tear- blind I guess.

Can't see my way through.

You know those things I ast for so many times —

Maybe I hadn’t orter repeated like the Pharisees do;

But I ain’t stood in no market place;

It’s jis’ betwen me and You.

And You said, ‘‘Ast’’—

Somehow I ain’t astin’ now

And I hardly know what to do.

Hope jis’ sorter left, but

Faith’s still here—

Faith ain’t gone too.

I know how ’tis — a thousand years

Is as a single day with You;

And I ain’t meanin’ to temp You with “If You be...”

And I ain’t doubtin’ You;

But I ain’t prayin’ tonight, God.

Jis’ blue.”

Have you ever felt like that? ~

Then there is only one thing that helps you: the knowledge that Christ is praying for you. Here human helpers fail. In all the deep places of life, human helpers do fail.

A man was rescued at sea in a rubber boat. How a man can en- dure in the waters of the sea in those little rubber boats is a my- stery. He explained it: “My only hope was that I knew I was be- ing sought”. So in the storms of life our only hope lies in remem- bering that Christ is searching

or us.

Despite the Bible testimony of the resurrection of Christ, few Christians think of Christ being alive. Indeed it has been said that “Most Christians do not ex-

pect their religion to do them any good”. That is because they have never thought of Christ being alive and caring for them.

That was Paul’s constant ex- perience. Christ was alive, help- ing him. “I can do ail things through Christ which strength- eneth me.” Another time Paul said, “At my first answer no man stood with me, but all men forsook me.” What kept him going*then? Read on — “Not- withstanding the Lord stood with me and strengthened me”.

A young fellow got into a bad serape. He had been a rascal who had been often helped by the Church Board and now they

decided they could do nothing:

further. So they sent the minis- ter to tell the mother they were through with him. The mother said, “I don’t blame you and the Board in the least for the course you have taken. You have been very kind. You have helped more than we had any right to expect. But his mother can’t take that way. She can’t wash her hands of him. Why I gave

-him life. I rocked him to sleep

in these arms, I fed him and cared for him. on him, because he is mine’’.

So when all things fail us, when the world looks very drab and our work fails and our friends disappoint and problems

An old-fashioned teacher — gets the best results

UST at the close of the school year, we visited the inter- mediate room in the village school at Piapot, Sask. It was such a pleasant classroom, spic- and-span because it had just been redecorated. And the walls were practically bare!

We remembered what a Nor- mal Instructor had once- said about “cluttered walls’ and realized how right he was. This ‘was-certainly more restful. Only the odd piece of work had been posted, evidently that which had been considered best. We won- dered how such a thing could happen in an age when the child ‘mustn’t” compete, except with himself”, for no: child must be allowed to feel ‘inferior’.

The explanation came when Miss Bethel, the teacher, told us “We don’t do much poster work here. I guess I’m a bit old-

fashioned. I like to concentrate~

on things like spelling and arith- metic and writing’. Her smile was so disarming we were scarcely prepared for what we found when, at her suggestion, We examined the children’s workbooks.

Those books showed an or- ganization, a neatness and in- dustry that amazed us. All the writing was quite legible, and much of it was excellent. Most of the pupils kept each subject in a notebook for that purpose, but some used large looseleaf binders and each subject. was in a special section. Instead of posting their work, here it was, all carefully arranged in their workbooks, each an interesting “little world” in itself.

We were struck by the ap- parent pride the children took not only in their own work but in that of their fellows. We were not allowed to miss anyone =) book!

Studying their work, we felt how busy they had been all year, for there was the evidence in black. and white. We felt, too, their spirit of co-operation, and we knew that none of them was likely to be “frustrated” by hav- ,ing an especially good sample of

-you think you are,

re By. A. L. O’FARRELL

a classmate’s Work arated. That would not be “competition”. It would be recognizing a standard of excellence.

This attitude was emphasized when it was decided to read to us some of their compositions.

The children were eager to have |

Kenny’s story read. Kenny had pretended he was an old second- hand car and had given a most graphic account of his experi- ences. Evidently this had de- lighted the class when it was

first read, so they wanted the ‘visitor to hear it.

They were recognizing a stan-

dard of excellence.

Again, ~ during Literature class, the teacher read a de- scription: of the old Red River carts and connected this with the carts that are being made for Saskatchewan’s Jubilee next year. Would the builder be able to put the squeak into the new carts that the old ones had had, and who knew anything about that builder? We were surprised that several of the children had “seen all about it in the paper” and were able to tell the class what they had read. The rest of the pupils showed an interest in what was related without a trace of that “Oh, yeah, who do

newspapers to show off!

The class knew its standards. If some one could do “best”, it was recognized without envy. Next time everyone would do better to try to be “best”. So far as we could see, these wholesome young Canadians were not being dam- aged in any way by this “attitude”.

We understood now what Miss Bethel had meant when

she said she was a bit old-

fashioned. And we felt if more of our teachers were old-fash- ioned enough to train a roomful of eager little Canadians to recognize excellence, to strive for it, and to feel.no envy when others attain it, the “crisis in education’”’ might well be handled, and competition would automatically take care of itself.

Farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 15

just overwhelm us so that we don’t know what to do, remem- ber, Jesus is praying for you. It has helped me a thousand times. It will help you more than you ever know until you try it.

‘said, ‘“Wherefore He is able also

te save them to the uttermost that come unto God by Him, seeing He ever liveth to make intercession for them.” Christ,

. As the writer to the Hebrews

praying for us! That’s what the Bible says! ‘

I can’t go back |

muscle.

BOB KERMATH

POPULAR QUTDOOR EDITOR OF THE MONTREAL STAR SAYS...

Amongst the many varieties of upland game, there is no species that is more uni- versally popular or affords more fascinating sport than the ruffed grouse, or partridge.

Where these birds have been shot at to any.

extent, there are none more tricky or more capable of providing a real test of the hunter’s skill. Much of the success in this type of shooting depends on the individual’s ability for fast co-ordination of mind and But, regardless of the shooter’s ability to react quickly; a good deal also depends on the choice of the right gun and ammunition for the job: Since most of the shots offered are within thirty yards, a wide spread of pellets is a distinct advantage and a full choke gun is not advisable. A modified choke, improved cylinder or even a cylinder barrel, is far more satisfactory.

In considering which type of shot shell to use, a word or two should be said in-ap- preciation of our own Canadian ammunition which is second to none in power, perform- ance and general quality. The development of the ‘Pressure-Sealed Crimp’ several years back has practically put an end to blown patterns; and lacquer waterproofing has made the shells impervious to any weather conditions. And when it comes to velocities, energy and killing power, our shells are tops.

Partridge are not as hard to put out of businéss as are ducks, and with most -of the shots at. close range, it therefore follows that the use of a relatively small sized shot can be quite effective enough for killing purposes. The No. 744 Maxum shell, for example, contains about 436 pellets, as

, against 169 pellets for the No. 4 shot size in

the same kind of shell. In this type of shoot- ing a large pattern with good density gives best results. At the usual distances at which

partridge are shot the 7) size pellet delivers more than adequate striking energy for a clean kill. A satisfactory pattern density i is one which will ensure five or six pellets hitting within the vital area. The 714 shot shell used in a cylinder barrel fulfills all of these requirements and will give a very wide spread of shot with an excellent chance of connecting on a fast flying target.

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Page 16—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

What we need most is better, not bigger, hogs

THe delivery of hogs at Cana- dian packing plants is likely to average in excess of 129,000

‘head weekly during the coming months of October, November and December. Domestic con-

sumption will probably take ©

somewhat less than 100,000 head weekly so that this coun- try will have a fairly substantial surplus.

This information was given to the semi-annual meeting of the Canadian Federation of Agri- culture held recently at Am- herst, Nova Scotia, by Ralph K. Bennett, chief of livestock mar- keting in the federal department of agriculture. He said that the United States is a natural mar- ket for the surplus but hog pro- duction is on the up trend there and trade in the U.S.A. are un- officially forecasting the low in Chicago will be 19 to 20 cents

HERE’S A

By LEONARD

live weight or from $25.35 to $26.65, dressed weight.

He expressed the opinion that the Toronto equivalent would be fairly close “to those figures be-

cause the extra cut-out and.

higher quality of Canadian hogs should ‘largely offset the duty, freight and additional expense, includingvcosts of selling (from Calgary to the U.S. northwest- ern states, costs total about 4 cents a pound live weight). The quality of Canadian hogs must be maintained in order to meet with consistent consumer de- mand in the United States, said Mr. Bennett. 4

D. NESBITT

The percentage of A, B1 and C grades going to market is not high enough. The figures are as follows for the first half of 1954:

Grade Canada Alberta Ontario y. 26.2 19.6 29.1 Bl ............ 44.2 45.2 46.3

CC etcesceteee 8.7 12.6 V2 Total

gradings .2,029,863 444,925 655,402

Mr. Bennett said that the problem is simply that hog car- casses are carrying too much fat and the public is eating less fat. Furthermore, it is uneconomical to produce surplus fat on hog carcasses. Practically all of the fat is trimmed off and rendered

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into lard, the price of which brings around 7 to 9 cents a pound. The price of Canadian hogs in the United States will depend on the quality of lean hogs. U.S.A, buyers are not in- terested in fat hogs for that country raises plenty of that kind, The importance of quality cannot be overemphasized.

Change Grades

A committee of the Canadian Federation of Agriculture has made a study of new hog grades proposed by the National Swine Committee, and reported to the semi-annual CFA convention at Amherst, The report was gener- ally favorable to the outlines of the new grades stating that the present grades do not always in- dicate the commercial value to the buyer or the actual carcass characteristics to the producer. This makes it difficult to estab- lish equitable differentials be- tween the grades, particularly between grades A and BIL. Further study was recommend- ed. Mr. Bennett said the adop- tion of the proposed grades would bring about a decided im- provement in the quality of Ca- nadian hogs.

Canadian : hog /production reached a high point in 1944 when 8.9 million head were graded at packing plants. The total had dropped back to 4.9 million in 1951 and increased to 6.7 million in 1952 and went down to 5 million in 1953. In the latter year western Canada pro- duced 46 per cent of the total.

Exports last year included 21,124 live hogs and additional pork products raising the total equivalent to 571,000 hogs or 11.4 per cent of the total grad- ings. In the first 23 weeks of 1954 exports totalled approxi- mately 190,000 hogs or 17.7 per cent of the 2,460,131 gradings. The domestic disappearance of pork in the first 5 months of 1954 dropped approximately 14,- 000 head a week compared with the same period in the previous year. Prices moved up the first of June reaching a top of $39.50 for Grade A, Toronto. Deliveries averaged around the total of domestic disappearance. When increased deliveries developed the price moved ,down corre- spondingly to the United States trend.

It now costs 4 cents a pound to ship meat from Alberta to eastern centers compared with slightly over 2 cents a pound in 1939 and this has the tendency of curtailing the eastern market. However, the population of Bri- tish Columbia increased by 438,- 000 ‘between 1989 and 1953 re- quiring an additional 138,000 hogs a year. Furthermore, the population of the 12 most west- erly states in the UJS.A. inecreas- ed from 16 million to 26.5 million through 1925 to 1948. All those states are deficient in hog pro- ducts and are readily accessible to Alberta.

The home market, of course, is very important. Since 1939 Canada’s population increased by nearly 4 million. At the 1953.

E Bieta people are néver much to go by clocks. In fact, I’ve found that few clocks in farm homes ever work, and the majority of watches carried by farmers are the machinery type that come at a dollar and a quarter delivered and tell _ time in a general sort of way. It’s quite an interesting experi- ment to watch the way folks in the country tell time.

In the morning she always knows when it’s ten o’clock by the telephone. Just as regular as can be the telephone rings three longs and two shorts as Tabitha Maby calls up Mrs. Higgins for the gossip of the neighborhood. Of course that’s the general call for folks on our line to all pick up the receivers and listen. It makes you laugh to see the way they always carefully place one hand over the mouthpiece and then slip the receiver off the hook, so’s no one will know they are listening. Yet, everybody on the line knows that everybody else listens.

That’s only one example of the ways to tell the time. In the summertime it’s gauged by the way the sunlight comes in the windows. It’s twelve o’clock when it hits the run in front of the stove .. . and in the after- noon it’s five o’clock when the sun. hits that bare worn spot in front of the sideboard. She has variations for the time of year and on dull days, you can always depend on the mailman .. . be- cause he has prided himself on being at our box‘at a quarter of three every fine day for the bast thirteen years.

Have you ever watched a man

plowing on a cold, Fall day? |.

He’ll tramp back and forth ..

back and forth ... with his head bent to escape the driving force of a cold, Fall rain... and then you'll see him stop... at the end of a furrow... pull out his watch whether it’s going or not . .. look at the horses . . . take his hat partly off, and scratch his head, and then make one or two more furrows as the case may be, and unhitch. He’ll water the horses, feed them . . . stop to. wash in the back woodshed and be in the house at the stroke at the stroke of twelve.

Telling time when you’re do- _ ing chores is largely from force of habit. You usually get to the barn at the same time each morning ... . and perform much the same work every day. By the time you get through ‘pulping the turnips or putting

rate of consumption that means - an additional 24,000 hogs week- ly out of inspected kill will be required. i

If hog producers are to ex- perience an expanding: market they must produce a quality pro- duct. When the housewife goes into the market to do her shop-

ping, she wants to buy lean pork. cuts and lean hams and bacons. |: She will pay more for vegetable :

shortening than for lard. The hog producer must cater to cate , taste.

Who cares

Farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 17

about the time? -

By HARRY J. BOYLE

down the hay or feeding the hens or some other job, you know that the time has rolled around to the point where it’s dinnertime.

Telling the time is a combina- tion of what your inner man and the. outter man have to say on the subject. The inner man is clamouring for ‘‘vittles” and the outter man wai for the signs.

My grandfather carried a watch every day of his life. He had a little key in a pocket on the bib of his overalls and he used to religiously wind the watch every night when he went to bed. I’ve often seen. someone stop him and say, “What time is it?’”” He would look at the sky, scratch the side of his head, take the watch out and squint at

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it for-a long sistant and then he would tell the time. I never thought anything about it, until one day I noticed that when he told the time there was five minutes difference in what he said and what the watch told. I asked him and he laughed and said, “Heck, boy, I never could tell. what a watch tells. never been able to read time from a watch in my life. I can tell it within five minutes, but people don’t believe you unless they see you looking at a watch.”

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Page 18—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch. Review

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i 1 i 1 | 1 I 1 i | 1 | { {AEE RS aE EE | i Kern Farm Equipment Ltd. | 1 Regina—Saskatoon—Yorkton 1 f Prince Albert—Swift Current Northwest Farm Equipment Ltd. ° 1 1 Cor. 7th Avenue & 6th St. East { Calgary : ! t Allied Farm Equipment Ltd. ! Sutherland Avenue at King i 4 Winnipeg 1 | Rendell Tractor & Equipment I 1 Co., itd, 1 62 West 4th Street u

c Vancouver 10, B.C. ss

and soap operas

. By JANE HAVENS

O hens like music? Are they

willing to shell out more eggs to the tune of Brahms Lul- laby or a lively’ two-step? Through the years the lowly egg has provided pin money for the farmer’s wife when crops failed. Trips “back home” have been made possible by the egg money deposited in grand- mother’s cherished: teapot on the kitchen shelf. Small won- der that egg production has come to the fore among our most progressive farmers,

John Patko, — twenty-four- year-old farmer of Tilley, Alta., became interested in raising the production of his farm flock of New Hampshire chickens after graduating from Olds Agricul- tural School. Accustomed to sing while working around the chicken pens he gradually came to the conclusion that his hens were more active while he was singing. -Did music soothe the feathered breast? Since hatch- ing eggs were his main concern, the biggest problem was to keep birds of a heavy breed active during the winter months. Music was used in dairy barns, why not in henhouses! -

He installed a radio in one of the laying pens. That winter egg production in the experi- mental pen increased 10% over the other two pens. The hens consumed less feed; were heal- thier and more active. They did not show their usual nervous re- action when strangers entered the pen or the train whistled for the crossing a short distance from the-henhouse. The num- ber of deformed eggs, which are caused by sudden~shock, drop- ped to almost nil.

Hens seemed to show a decid- ed preference for soft music and

talking programs, such as soap operas. Jazz and wild-west pro- grams were decidedly out. When the radio was turned off they tended to. lose: interest in their feed and return to the roosts. In comparison with the _ experi- mental pen, where the nests were well filled, the half empty nests of the other pens were markedly noticeable. Patko is convinced that music pays off in the poultry business.

The ranch consists of seventy- four’ acres of irrigated land. Very little feed is raised. Patko figures it pays to buy. feed from the farmers. The big crop is hay. Since specialized poultry raising pays extra dividends, especially in the irrigated -district where overhead is high, the Patkos changed from commercial egg production to that of hatching eggs. In four months of the lat- ter their earnings topped those of eight months of commercial production. It also tended to improve the flock, due to the difference in egg value.

Losses High

The first year losses were high among the roosters due to cannibalism. Through an. elec- tric hatchery in Calgary, Patko procured specs — red plastic on a rim, fastened by a.cotterpin through the nostril. At first the birds missed the feed trough, walked into posts and bumped into each other. Loss from can- nibalism ceased. The first year out. of 35 roosters only 15 pass- ed inspection tests. The second year, with specs, 100 were raised and 90 passed the test.

Early years were full of diffi- culties. In March, 1951, a blizzard struck without warn- ing. Patko walked 14% miles to a telephone to cancel an order

WModitations

He knocked at the door.

you any children?”

only three children?”

in the worruld is a Chinaman.”

By iA. uk

1923, discussions were taking place across the province regarding the proposed change in the Alberta liquor laws. :

As might be expected, there was always an interested, and usually, a good-sized gathering in the various meetings.

At the opening of each address the speaker announced that he would abstain, so far as possible, from quoting statistics, for two reasons : firstly, | they were nearly always misunderstood, misinterpreted or quickly forgot- ten, and, secondly, their usual net result was to put the listeners to sleep.

To illustrate that likelihood, he told the story of the census-taker who called at the house of a good Irish farmer, in the course of his duties.

The farmer answered the knock, and was asked his name, and the following conversation ensued :

Are you married, Mr. Moriarity?” The answer was: the census-taker asked him: “Why do you thank God because you have

Moriarity replied: “I was readin’ yestidday that ivery foorth child born

His family had stopped just in time.

The story got the usual laugh, but the incident had repercussions.

A year or two after that meeting, same district who had not been present at the meeting but had heard from a woman who had been in the audience at the time, that the speaker had not told the truth, but had misrepresented facts.

The woman complained: “He said that every fourth kid born in the world was a Chinaman. I got six kids and none of them is a Chinaman!"

This story is authentic, for 1 was the spéaker.

at. Juwilite

MARKS

and was answered by “yes”. “Have “Only three, thank God,” whereupon

the speaker had a visitor from the

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Farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 19

for 1,000 baby chicks, due on the train from Calgary. The chicks, already on the train, were taken off by the hatchery. The chicks arrived April 1st, and two weeks later a snow storm kept the Patkos in the brooder house all night with every blanket they possessed hung on the walls to prevent drafts. The brooder stove was kept going and the chicks saved.

Two months later a deluge of rain flooded the pen which housed the roosters and 25 of the choicest birds were para- lyzed. Mrs. Patko saved all but 5 by feeding a warm mash with a little brandy in it.

The houses now have modern equipment and the Patkos enjoy chicken raising. It is a business that can be started with a small |. amount of capital, yields quick _ returns and makes farm life in- teresting.

Most people seem to

Greases for | have them these days.

farm machinery D . h

REASES are made by cool- HCeS ave gone Up and up

ing pubricating oil with

. T ricating qualities . H .

of the grease ‘jepend-on the oil * food, housing, Juct about anything

used and the type of grease de- .

pends on the soap used ane the 4 , k of. —

ethod of manufacture. A large : a (cemea

number of grease types are Y ) «i you can In ° CY Eee

made, and each has its particu ; oe a . °

lar advantages and uses. en eS . .

fillers such as graphite are used | o KP si Rut gasoline hac tried hard 40

in grease which is to be used in ae, g / ~ |

places where the bearings turn BY, 4/ ) .

lowly and th very heavy ) O

in Yager sys | SF $y °* keep its feet on the ground ...

machines require this type of of )

grease. d + .

Quite recently greases known . and with come CuCCeSS eee

as “all purpose” greases have

been developed: They are given R ca hi | h | | Cec

the name “all purpose” because

they are water resistant and can e USe W | e W 0 esa e p hn yy

operate over a wide range if . a,

temperature. ey are also * exe in general € ate up 119%... more than «==

ay - ° ily

stable and have long life. This type of grease is suitable for all

farm machine bearings although

it is more expensive than the (af) d ,

ordinary greases. ouble what they were before KA “In general, farm machines | have two types of bearings; plain, and bail or roller.

For plain bearings a grease which is heavy enough to stay in

the war... Esso gasolines the bearing and form a seal at . A across Canada are up only co)

each end should be chosen. \: (

quire a lighter grease thas plain 42%...about 4 third a¢ much E> ace bearings, and for this reason ; ; Y as most other things.

most bearings of this type have a seal to keep the grease in and dirt out. ~

Care should be used in greas- ing bearings with seals to make sure that’ the seals are not forced out thus allowing dirt to get into the bearings.

Bearings which are greased only once a season should be greased with the amount and type of grease recommended by the implement manufacturer to make sure that they will get proper lubrication and the seals will not be damaged.

Round the clock, cars roar wide open over the fastest and most modern test track in the world. The high-speed curves-of this new Chrysler Corporation track are so carefully contoured that a driver can round them at more than 100 miles per hour without touching the steering wheel !

Splashing into a miniature lake, this new Plymouth gets a soaking Sailing over the bumps before coming to earth with a jolt that will bath. This gruelling test tells engineers whether water can getinto vital pound and strain every part of the car. Such testing results in better operating parts, how brakes react, and whether there are body leaks. shock absorbers and springs . . . brings you a safer, softer ride.

PLYMOUTH -« DODGE

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assures you of greater car value

Zooming day and night around the fastest test track in the world . ... pounding over an obstacle course of hills, curves, rocks, sand and water hazards ...— these cars are getting the works!

Skilled drivers are doing their utmost to beat” them to death at Chrysler Corporation’s new 4000- acre proving grounds—the toughest automotive test centre of its kind. They'll punish these cars more in a few short weeks than you could in years — of normal driving. In the process, Chrysler Corpor-. ation engineers will discover new ways of assuring you ever longer service .. . and ever more value.

-.. from a new Plymouth. Dodge, De Soto or Chrysler car. - Pictured below are just a few of the countless tests these cars take. After 18,000 bruising miles over some of the best and the worst roads ever planned by man, the test cars are torn down and tested part by part. These careful checks with scientifically-designed equipment all aid in Chrysler’s never-ending search to prove and improve car value. _

No wonder people expect more... and get more .-. from Chrysler products.

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Topping a hill after a jarring run over a washboard road, this car heads. for heavily rutted gravel and a bumpy, block road. Engineers will dis- cover how well springs, shock absorbers, steering assembly can take it.

Churning into deep sand at a brisk rate of speed; the test driver twists the steering wheel again and again. He’ s getting facts on axles, wheels, transmissions, drive shafts—all to make a better car for you.

‘

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A water and electric system for your farm home and barns can be financed with a Farm Improvement Loan: Write for booklet or just drop in and talk it over with the manager of the Royal Bank branch nearest you.

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Page 22—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review ~—

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gether with 25 cents in coin :—

What does your handwriting reveal ? :

Are you a natural-born salesman or would you make a better mechanic? Have you got hidden talent for art, cookery or steno- graphy? Would you be interested in getting the verdict of an expert onthe character your handwriting reveals ?

The Farm and Ranch has arranged with Mr. David Meyer, the author _of this new and regular feature of the Farm and Ranch, to analyze the handwriting of its readers. Here are the rules:

Write at least 12 lines with pen and ink on good paper. Do NOT — repeat — NOT use ‘a ball-point pen or pencil.

: DAVID MEYER, 7/2 Jane St., New York City, New York, U.S.A. Do not send stamps and always enclose a self-addressed envelope.

Send it to-

Das ae) ==) =e) as) =m) en)

Meet some people who complicate life

By DAVID MEYER

VERYONE of us knows at least one person to whom

we feel like saying, ‘For Heaven’s sake, isn’t life difficult

ing matters still more!”

To some extent all of us are guilty of this tendency. We are an anxious and worriesome race and can rarely let things well enough alone. ,But some of us go overboard in complicating things. Here are some of the ways in which this trait shows up in handwriting:

portion in size to the following small letters. This graphologi- cal disharmony reveals a dishar- mony of the soul. ; a perfectionist, one of those im- possible people whom it is im- possible to please. The great Norwegian dramatist, Heinrik Ibsen, wrote a play bearing the name of its central character, Brand. Brand is a perfectionist who is so out of tune with realities that his friends run from him, and even nature in the end cannot stand him and

goo oom at 2 Lin HA tp wt

Note the elongated ending to the letter e. The writer sleeps poorly, for he stays up a good part of the night plotting and intriguing in his mind on how to trap his partner, colleague or business associate. He rarely takes a statement at face value no matter how transparently honest it is, but must dig and probe and fuss over what the statement might possibly con- ceal. He feels that the speaker has-something altogether differ- ent in the back of his mind. And if, after failing 99 times to dis- cover a piece of chicanery or to trap his partner, he succeeds the hundredth time, he feels fully justified in continuing to spend sleepless nights for the rest of his life in the hope of repeating the performance.

In sample 2, note that the t- bar is to the left of the vertical stroke. Here we have a writer who makes it his life work to procrastinate. He just cannot get -himself to say “aye” or

“nay” without going through a-

dozen Hamlet soliloquies. It is not that he is weighing the facts before making a _ decision. Rather, he is constitutionally in- capable of committing himself. And while he hems and haws,

opportunity comes and goes and

all he has left to console himself with, is that he is still a free agent, still free to commit him- self when the right time comes.

In sample 3, observe that the capital letter is way out of pro-

‘image,

hurls him down a precipice to

“get rid of him. These writers

carry in their souls an idealized image of what men and women should be and of the way they should behave. And because they cannot live up to this inner the writer carps and fumes, scolds and berates, can- not hold on to friends and makes plenty of enemies.. Women who write this way will break an en- gagement if their sweetheart comes to visit them with an im- perfect shave. And a boss who writes this way is an unholy terror.

In sample 4 we have still“an- other complicator. The word. is taken from a letter written to a husband by his wife, who left him, The wife, member of a small sect burdened by the Messianic complex, left her hus- band to teach the principles of world salvation_to the children on an Indian reservation some- where in Arizona. It is her con- viction that the world needs to be saved and by teaching lofty principles to Indian children, she will contribute her mite to sav- ing humanity from itself. Now, it never occurred to this woman that the American Indians: not

only have no voice in interna-

tional affairs, but have no say even in American domestic policy. How in the world she came to the conclusion that the Indian can save mankind in this

atomic-hydrogen bomb age is-

beyond me. ‘The fact is, her

The writer is .

handwriting gives the show away. She -cannot be given credit for meaning well. . Note

that the writing is narrow and

backslanted. This tells us she is affected and pretentious, with- out a shred of honest and spon- taneous feeling or sentiment. She is so sterile within, so out of contact with real, not fancied, humanity that she feels com- pelled to make up for her inner void by resorting to‘all sorts of extreme postures and adven- tures. i

_Complicator No. 5, unlike No.

~ 4, who is an offensive egotist, is

good-natured, naive, gullible, an incurable romantic and an amusing screw-ball. No matter how old these writers become, they never grow up. And this is both their virtue and failing. They cannot give up their adolescent dreams of purpling heights, fantastic achievement, the multitudes at their feet. I said these, writers-are good-na- tured, but ‘their largesse be- comes burdensome because: for every dime they give they ex- — pect dollars in return. They will not say so and will not show their disappointment in the open. But in the dark of night they will weep in self-pity, whis- - per their disappointment in an unappreciative humanity, silent- ly berate their husbands or wives for taking advantage of them. They wake up in the morning with red eyes and pounding headaches, fumble at their tasks, neglect their duties and go through the day’s chores as in a dream. They.are really: out of this world, and in their~ better moments can be very amusing.

Complicator No. 6 can be much more irritating than No. 5 for this one also has an’ima- gination that runs away with him but he is aggressive and head-strong. No weeping in the night for him. He lets you have it in broad daylight. Note that the last stroke of the capital M is taller than the preceding strokes. His aggressive conceit is really something to reckon with. He is an awful meddler and every family has known at least one such provocative mem- — ber.

If there is an argument within earshot, he is bound to join in

sand wind up with the contes-

tants forgetting. their differ- ences and turning upon him as the trouble maker. He is always leading with his chin and you can’t tell him anything. These writers are devotees of the movie fan magazines. If it’s a man, he'll find fault with his wife: for not looking like a movie queen. If it’s a woman, she’ll cover up her. disappoint- ment that he does not look like a - hunk of Hollywood “beefcake”’ by constant scolding, nagging 4nd fault-finding. They are al- ways seeking something “big” - and glamorous. Little do they know that if they had to live with these glamor pusses for just one month, even a jet plane would be too slow in getting them home again. 5

a “aie >

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Page 24—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

OST of us don’t have to be con-

cerned. about not being able to

take it with us — we haven't got it: * © *

We heard about a farmer who had an ornery, fence-busting old cow. For years he tried tin cans on her back, yolks, and all the old cures. Nothing worked. She just up “and walked through any fence ever built at will. Finally the man got a new idea. He rebuilt a pair of old army field glasses to fit the cow, strapped them on her, and turned her loose. Well, sir, old Bossy pawed, snorted, plunged, reared, and frothed at the mouth, at fences a quarter of a mile from where she was standing. But they all stood up. She plumb exhausted herself. She lost weight and her milk produc- tion was down. The baffled look on her mean old face was almost pitiful. But it cured her. Now almost leaning on a fence she doesn’t bother it. She just looks at it scornfully and’ assumes a “how dumb do you think I am” look.

No patent on the idea — try it if you like.

> 2 ia An optimist is a person who works a crossword puzzle with a pen. > aot * = F mS Even in it’s run-down condition @ lot of people are getting more out of the dollar. than they put into getting it. ok + al a Queer, but a nation is only well when there is no Relief in sight. * * *

Mr. John Diefenbaker, M.P., cently, is reported to have said:

“There is a sense of unreality about debates on foreign affairs when so few of the men have been abroad. M.P.’s should have. an opportunity to see things first-hand for them- selves.”

re-

* * =

Come, come, now, John — not so fast. We can all see what this is lead- ing up to. Why instead of having three-quarters of the members loung- ing in their hotel rooms while the House is in session we would have them flitting all over the world. M.P.’s

with

ROSCO SNOW FENCE

Farmers across Canada have found that they can obtain

EEE TEE am (mee (ome ( eee roms ( imam. ( cas {

A Little Wheat — aon

A Little Chaff

By IVAN sipping champagne and-oogling the mademoiselles in Paris, M.P.’s gulp- ing caviar on the Baltic;- having: a fling at the Roulette wheels in» Monte Carlo, and openly buying sweepstake tickets. and playing the Soccer Pools in Britain.

“ And we know who will be expected to pick up the check, too. Person- ally, we aren’t in a position to make any major expenditure at this time and neither is “anyone else that we know. Let us just “table” the mal- ter, eh?

Ss; 2 s We'll live longer if we don’t INSIST on our RIGHT-OF-WAY.

* * *

. We've often wondered what ‘those tunes — the word is used loosely —-were that they play on— on the -bagpipes. Well: “That the folk songs of Scotland are very similar to those of Japan is a surprising discovery made re- cently by Marie Slocombe of the British Broadcasting Corpora- tion’s recorded programmes. li- brary.” * ch = One thing the automobile has prac- tically eliminated is the horse-thief. * * * ' According to an item released by the Hungarian News and Information Service, the Hungarian government has ordered the manufacture of 1,000, 8-berth caravans for tractor drivers and farm workers who have no perm- anent accommodation. The caravans are to be furnished as “a home from home — with adequate heating, com- fortable beds and bathing facilities.” The way our housing program is going maybe we ought to look into something like this. Be easy for the

ideal supplementary grain storage, at low cost, with

Rosco Snow Fence and Special Lining paper . . . you, too,

can easily’ provide extra grain storage facilities at low B ‘cost. 50 feet of Rosco Snow Fence will give you a bin 16 4

feet in diameter, 4 feet high, with sufficient capacity for

700 bushels.

Write today for further details.

Cet HELMER

mortgage company to make reposses- sion, too.

* * * Gide:

It’s easy to guess a woman’s age— but how are you going | to find out if you're right?

* * *

( The Russians have been fooling around trying to work out a scheme for controlling their warm_and cold air currents with the idea of making over their climate to suit them. So far they havent got anywhere with this, but they have discovered what they consider “the best way of com- batting drought:” It’s something that Western Canada farmers might try next winter when the thermometer is, say under 20 below, and not too brisk @ north wind blowing over the prairies. “Fields should be plowed while the snow is on them, burying ‘the snow and thus retaining the mois- ture in the soil.” :

‘ e* @ 8

Just because some wives think they are.smarter than their hus- bands doesn’t mean that they are conceited.

* * s /

Some people have all the luck — just listen to this: “Eric Simms, the BBC’s ornithologist (we just looked that up and it means bird-man) is a firm believer that he was born under a lucky star. Other people wait days, months or even years to hear or see a particular -bird, but Simms frequently goes to an area and hears his bird within the first day or so, without even hunting for it.”

Bed oe *

And here’s something that might interest the ladies who “Never have a thing to wear on my head”: In Lon- don, a leading library that has wo-

men’s hats instead of books as its — stock in trade is soon to open. It will start with at least 100 exclusive models on the shelves. . Borrow your choice (for a fee), return it within two days or pay overdue fine. Guar-

anteed no duplications — every hat will be sterilized upon return. * * *

Nobody thinks more of his cus- tomer than a Credit Manager. = * *

Pretty soon we won't even have to scratch ourselves. We'll just push a button and fingers will come out of the air and do the job for us. We picked this up in a household-help pamphlet: ‘“‘“Manufacturers of aerosols and sprays are becoming so conscious of energy-saving possibilities of their prodfict that they are starting to make types that do two jobs with the . one squirt. For example, one of the latest developments is a spray that helps prevent a painful sunburn and shoos the flies away at the same time.” Don’t know-how you can get along without*that one, but if you can here’s—another: “It is no longer ne- cessary to stoop to clean the bath tub. A new long handled tub cleaner has — been designed: with a sponge at one end to save tubber’s backs.’ Now if they will just fix this thing so you can pick potatoes with it they will really have a saver.

* * *

Too many rounds of pleasure may

make it tough to square up. See Soe

“Your methods of cultivation are really out of date,’ said the young © college agricultural graduate to a farmer. “I’d be surprised if you got even 10 Ibs. of apples from that tree with the care it’s had.”

“So would I,” said the farmer, “that’s a pear tree.” * ck * *

Some butchers do their trimming on the scales instead of on their meat block. -

* * * A lot of big executives got that way simply by eating.

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CANADA PACKERS LIMITED REPORT TO THE SHAREHOLDERS

The 27th year of Canada. Packers Limited closed March 31st, 1954. (Here-

- inafter the year is designated ‘Fiscal 1954’.) 4

Tonnage (pounds of product sold) again reached a new

se a Wipe ote erreur Sn mane easton ane ee” 1,932,000,000 Ibs. The previous high (Fiscal 1953) . 1,859,000,000 “ Wneredse sen ee 73,000,000 ‘ Moauivalent: toscana wages 3.9 per cent.

‘The Annual Report for Fiscal 1953 showed a decrease in Dollar Sales in ~ the face of an increase in Tonnage. This year the pattern is Tepeaten,

2 Dotlar Sales; Fiscal 1954 3 ie $374,000,000 - aS ms Sy AORS. seo ee 386,000,000 PDCOCTCARG ic ee Se 12,000,000 Equivalent to’ .2..-.:....-2ts 2 S per cent.

“The explanation lies in the continuing decline in price of certain of the products handled by the company. The: trend, of the last three years is revealed in the following table :

TABLE I

ea Average Dollar Sales | price per lb. of ali products

22.8¢ 20.7¢ 19.3¢ 1.4¢ 1%

Tonnage

$390,000,000 ~ $386,000,000 $374,000,000

1,708,000,000 Ibs.

1,859,000,000- Ibs.

1,932,000,000 Ibs. Per pound Equivalent to

-Fiseal 1952. i ee

Decline (’53 to ’54)....

N.B.—Hach year prices of some products decline while others advance. The

decline of 1.4¢ per Ib. average has no significance in respect of any -

individual product, but is a aici teh accurate measure of the over- all trend.

Net Profit for the year was $3,702,020 Net Profit, Fiscal 1953. ....... $4,400,598 DOCECASG ie ac ee caer ac eesiertsaietenpngeteceieaeat OB, OTS

The Net Profit, expressed as,— (a) A percentage of saleS, WAS. .......-..--cs:s--00-----

(Cb) Per 1001bs:. was' =. ss. ee i.e. just under 1/5¢ per Ib.

Table II below, giving the record of Sales and Net Profits for the past ten years, shows that, for. the ten-year period, Net Profit has been .93% of Dollar Sales. Im respect of Net Profit, therefore, the year under review was slightly better than the average of the last ten years.

TABLE II

Net Profit , as Percentage of Sales

Net Profit

Dollar . Sales

Fiscal Year

$1,825,000 1,817,000 2,060,000 2,182'000 2,807,000 _ 8,480,000 “4,126,000 1,965,000 4,400,000 3,702,000 $2,836,000

$228,000,000 209,000,000 204,000,000 238,000,000 314,000,000 328,000,000 357,000,000 390,000,000 386,000,000 374,000,000 $303,000,000

1945 1946 1947 1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954 Average, 10 vears

For the 27 years since Canada Packers was formed, the corre- sponding figures are :—

Average, 27 years $170,000,000 $1,863,000 1.09%

NOTE: Shareholders are reminded that throughout the 27 years, reserves have from time to time been reported, which have not been recorded in the Earned Surplus of the Company. These reserves include :—

(a) Wartime Inventory Reserve,—sums set aSide from year to year during the war and post-war period. These . sums have been fully explained from year to year in the Annual Reports of the Company. In total they con- stitute the chief item in the reserves. They now stand Alm totat Gf re Bene oe eae ” $6,000,000

Sundry minor reserves accumulated from time to time throughout the 27 years.

(b)

Increase in market value (above cost) of shares owned by Canada Packers in other corporations. The invest-

ments are in sound companies dealing in basic Cana- ‘dian products. Capital appreciation varies up and down with market fluctuations, si the reserve has become a substantial one. - ae

{c)

On all these reserves, full taxes have been paid. They could properly be recorded as profits. However, the more conservative policy has been fol- lowed of carrying them forward as reserves. They constitute a cushion against major price declines, and would justify a continuation of dividends ~ throughout a limited period of unprofitable operations. The reserves include the equity, in excess of price paid,-for wholly-owned subsidiaries. There are now six of these subsidiaries.

However, if the other course had been followed-and if all reserves were now set up as profits, the net for the 27 years would be,—not 1.09% (as eppears above), but 1.31% of sales.

This is an important figure.

It is the measure of the Company's total profit,—the fee which Canada Packers has received for its services in processing the live stock and finding markets. for the meats and the by-products.

' That some: margin ‘of profit is necessary goes without ‘saying. Without

‘The answer lies in the rapid turnover of capital.

expectation of profit, the very large sums. required for-plant. and -working capital would not be forthcoming. :

Is the margin, then, too large or too small?

One answer is that it is much the lowest percentage of profit (relative to sales) of any major industry in Canada. : Moreover, if no profit whatever were made, the benefit to the prbdiises or to the consumer would be negligible.

For example, choice steers are to-day selling for approximately 20¢ per Ib.

live weight. If the packer made no profit, and if the 1.31% went entirely

to the proditicer, he (the producer) would receive an “additional %4¢ per Ib. (1.381% of 20¢ equals .26¢)

On the other hand, if the packer’s profit were divided evenly between pro- ducer and consumer, the producer. would receive for fils steers 20¢ plus %&¢ per Ib.*

It may be asked how the Packing Industry exists,—and even prospers,— on a margin of net profit so much smaller than that of other industries. Capital employed in the Packing Industry is turned over approximately seven times per year. Therefore, a profit on turnover, of 1.31% is equivalent to a profit on capital of just over 9%. —

A review of the Live Stock Industry in 1953 weuld be incomplete without reference to a factor which has taken all sectors of the Industry by surprise (producers, processors and Department of Agriculture officials).

It is the: startling diminution in exports of cattle plus beef.

For Canada’s surplus of cattle plus beef, United States normally is almost the sole- market. During the war and immediate post-war period (Septem- ber 1942 to August 1948), by agreement between London, Ottawa and Wash- ington, Canada’s total surplus of Beef was shipped to the U.K. However, this was due to strategic, not economic, considerations. _The U.S. market was reopened to Canadian Cattle and Beef August 16th, 1948, and since that date almost the entire surplus has gone to the United States. (Small but regular and very welcome ordérs come from B.W.1.)

Since August 16th, 1948, shipments to United States of cattle plus beef,—

“expressed in terms of beef,—have been as follows:

_ Note (1) “4

TABLE III* {

Shipments to U.S. of Beef Cattle plus Beef (Cattle converted on basis 500 ibs. beef per head)

234,834,000 Ibs. 253,995,000 262,749,000 176,777,000 5,083,000 ’ 28,428,000 18,941,000

1948 (Aug. 16 to Dec. 31) 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

(Jan. 1-to Feb. 25) (Mar, 2 to Dec. 31) (Jan. to May, incl.)

Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Livestock Market Review and Live- ape as i Trade Report. (Live cattle exports. converted at 500 Ibs. per ea

From February 25th, 1952, to March 2nd, 1953, digiaste to U.S. - were embargoed; due to foot and mouth disease. During that period the surplus beef (in excess of domestic consumption) was — purchased by the Federal Government and sold,—at BER loss,— to the U.K.

(Exports of meats during the ‘foot-and-mouth’ period are not shown in Table III, as they are entirely detached from the regular channels, and therefore without: significance in relation to the trend under discussion.)

For 1953 the shipping period was ten months. The surplus for twelve months may be estimated at 35,000,000 eget

* Source ;

Note (2)

We are, therefore, faced with these startling facts : ag

In 1950, exports of cattle plus beef to United States were ...... 262,000,000 Ibs. As a result, cattle prices in Canada throughout .

* The illustration is not followed through to the consumer, as it becomes complicated

by the fact that another link in the livestock chain,—viz, the retailer,—intervenes be- tween packer and consumer.

that year were based upon -prices for similar grades in: U:S.,—(with corrections for freight, duty and exchange).

In 1953, only three years later, exports of cattle plus beef

had declined to a trickle o€ -.---.....-2 35,000,000 Ibs.

And on certain grades of cattle, over quite ex- tended periods, prices in Canada were actually higher than in United States.

The reasons for this startling transformation are to be found in Table IV, below.

TABLE _IV* A ‘B G D Canadian Total Consumption

Inspected Cattle Slaughterings »

1,489,883 1,489,489 1,284,683 1,149,789 1,237,630 1,469,406

Estimated Human Population

12,823,000 13,447,000 139712,000 14,009,000 14,430,000 14,781,000

Consumption of Beef per capita

7 * Source a ae nietings : Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Livestock Market eview.

Population : Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Canadian Statistical Review. Beef Consumption : Dominion Bureau of Statistics Memoranda,

A decline in surplus must come from one or both of two causes,— (a) decreased production, or (b) increased consumption.

As between 1950 and 1953, the decline in surplus is clearly

farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 2?

-In. 1950, Canada’s population was estimated at... 13,712,000 and consumption of beef per capita at —.....:......... 50.3 lbs. Total (estimated) consumption of beef _.... = 690 million-Ibs. In 1953, the estimated population was . ..- . 14,781,000 and consumption of beef per capita _. ; 59.1 Ibs. Total (estimated) consumption of ot ees 874 million Ibs.

Is Canada approaching the time when she will cease to be an exporter of meats ?

Ten years ago such a question would have appeared fantastic. In 1944 Canada exported :— 692,000,000 lbs. bacon

to the U.K....... 3 cag@hadey asilaceausetedegune Gusblens cotsdeniaee cael toed .... 98,000,000 ibs. beef 790,000,000 lbs, meats

That was at the pinch of the war years, when Can- ada was restricting consumption in order to make meats available for the allied armies, and the civilian population of the U.K.

It has already been stated above that by 1953, beef

exports had dwindled to approximately —..... 35,000,000 Ibs. In the ‘same year exports of pork products, —chiefly ‘ to the U8. -—were ac... cek sce ek declesuete 78,000,000 ibs.

hs) 0: [eee ON CREA RAEemeeRN<s Saeser Fae Ns 113,000,000 Ibs.

This comparison, ‘banked by itself, would seem to indicate that exports of meats might soon be a thing of the past.

However, one fact remains which tends towards an opposite view. Canada still produces a heavy surplus of grains. The carryover at the end of this crop year will be the largest in history. At the same time the markets abroad for wheat appear to be shrinking.

On Canadian farms the most perplexing problem is how to convert into cash, grains for which there is no immediate export outlet, To this problem there is, at the moment, only one solution, viz. to convert the grain into secondary food products : — cattle, hogs, poultry and dairy products. Every fact points to a substantial increase in these secondary products throughout the

not due to decreased production. Inspected slaughterings

(Column A above) in 1950 were In 1953

1,284,683 cattle 1,469,406“

Therefore, the decline must be due entirely to increased consumption. ‘That increased consumption, in turn, is due to two causes :—

(1) increase in human population (Column B above)

(2) increase in consumption of beef per capita (Column C above).

next two or three years.

It is difficult to look ahead for a longer period. The trend, whatever it is,

will gradually reveal itself.

Toronto, July 5th, 1954.

‘J, S. McLEAN, ° ' President.

Extra copies of this report are available and, so long as ‘they last, will be mailed to anyone requesting them. Address request to Canada Packers Limited, Toronto 9.

HE fall fair was in full swing, but that didn’t pre- vent a hungry flicker woodpeck- er from darting its pointed tongue into the round entrances of an ant hill over which loomed a brand new combine on display, while a sharp-shinned hawk chased and caught an English Sparrow in the shadow of the dairy barn, and _ semi-wild pigeons living on the high ledges of the grandstand continued to coo and feed pigeon milk to their fat squabs while the show was going on. Wild flowers suffered, squashed flat under the wheels of hundreds of cars lined up by flagmen, but along the fence row where vehicles could not trespass, the brave yellows of native sunflower, the blue of

asters, and goldenrod plumes.

looked lovely. Among the grassroots a tiny, pointed-nosed shrew pounced ferociously on a plump grasshopper, then calmly devoured it fifty feet from the midway tent featuring Gay Paree Girls.

Highlight of the fair for me was standing outside the show rings and watching the horse events the spirited light horses, matched riding pairs, family groups, the proud step- ping Clydes and beautiful grey dappled Percherons. We had a special interest in the Percher- ons, as farm friends of ours had brought eleven of these fine ani- mals to the fair. A trip of seventy miles by truck, then a return trip to get another load, followed by a busy rush to feed the animals and groom them ‘ready for the ring. Up every morning at four-thirty to exer- cise the animals before crowds gathered, giving the powerful horses some-wagon. drill inside the limited space of the show ring before judges and specta-

Nature notes and horse sense from the fair grounds

By KERRY WOOD

tors were due to watch. Our friends were tired .long before the three-day fair was over, but they were pleased about the good companionship of fellow- farmers at the barns and they won a nice string of prize rib- bons. 5

Third Hail

Comments heard around the show ring were interesting and sometimes poignant.

“Hullo, Fred — Heard you had some bad luck?”

“Yes, I got hailed again, Tom. This is the third year running.”

“lm sorry, friend. I got it two years back and know how tough it can be.”

“Well, I'm lucky. I got a string of milkers, and they'll pay my way for the time being.”

Then there was a lean faced,

snowy-haired rancher, his eyes.

light with happiness as he watched the twelve entries in the saddle horse class.

“Ah, now! It’s like the old days, seeing ’em prance like that. Look at that fine Arabian —there’s a man’s horse, every time!”

A motherly lady was leaning forward, watching an _ erect young fellow leading a big mare into the ring.

“Seems like he was a baby, only yesterday. Now he’s com- peting. with men and hoping-his horse will be nominated for the ovale

It was pleasant to hear the good comments about fellow-

writer Grant MacEwen, who

was acting as judge of the horses at our fair.

“He speaks so kindly to those youngsters in the junior classes that even the losers feel like they’ve won!”

But it irked me wrily, seeing stockmen and judges carrying hickory walking sticks im- ported from the States. There wasn’t a native western wood among the whole ki-boodle, hence I was delighted when Grant MacEwen got himself a Diamond Willow stick to use in the show ring. A-western walk- ing stick for a western stock- man: yes, sir!

My friend, Bill, wasn’t at the fair this year, yet I kept think- ing about him with a special glow of good feeling I'd like to share with you now. Bill is handyman and janitor of the largest department store in our town. He lives on the outskirts, in an old frame house Bill has fixed up into a comfortable home for his smiling wife and their twelve children. It’s a good home. You’ll‘rarely find such well behaved youngsters as Bill’s family, and they’re a happy crowd, too.

But Bill was pretty sick last winter. It gave his kids a real seare. In the midst of. the ill- ness, Bill got a letter from: his old mother in England... After reading it, he expressed a wish to see her again, as it’s been

twenty-five years since he left the Old Land. A month later, Bill’s eldest teen-aged boy casu- ally asked him how much it would cost for a trip to England.

“Oh, it’s just impossible,” Bill said. ‘“It’d cost a thousand dol- lars for Mum and me to go back and see our old folks.”

Big Effort

No more was said about it un- til recently. During the eight , month interval, every member of the family has been busy. The kids worked hard at any odd job they could find, they did chores for neighbors, and the small boys took on the dirty job of col- lecting beer bottles and selling them while older brothers got themselves fulltime work. Two weeks ago at the supper table, the family steered the talk to Bill’s English and the Mother’s Scottish homelands. Then the spokesman for the children said:

“Dad, we’ve got a thousand dollars saved up for you and Mum. Now it’s up to you to get leave of absence from your job. We've worked out all the details about looking after ourselves while you’re away, with Sis- ter here and her new hus- band to move in and take charge of the household. So you and Mum go ahead and have a good time back in the Old Country.”

Bill confessed that he broke down and cried when he found out what a wonderful family he has. That’s why he and his Missus weren’t at our fair, this year. But it was a real pleasure, shaking Bill’s hand and wishing him and his fine wife a happy holiday.

Canadians are the largest

users. of evaporated milk in the

world, averaging 18% pounds: per capita in 1953.

Page 28—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

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The.

Fall work in the garden always pays dividends

By H.

ea oiapseieey oe is a busy month for prudent gardens with vegetable crops. to harvest, planting to be done, and, where alterations to landscape is plan- ned, the work had best be done now rather than postponing the operation until spring.

Planting Perennials — Many of the common perennial plants are best transplanted in the fall; especially is this trie of the early-flowering varieties. Any root disturbance of these plants in the early spring will cause them to check badly, so that’a

whole season is lost in re-estab-*

lishing them. Peonies, which have been transplanted in the spring, will often take several years to recover whereas au- tumn planted stock will make a thrifty plant the following year.

Some varieties of Peonies seem to get over the shock of replant- ing faster than others. About three years from planting typi- cal blooms may be looked for on most varieties.

The third week in September is generally considered the very best time to divide and replant Peonies. Large clumps which have become unthrifty may be carefully dug, preserving the fleshy roots intact while freeing them of adhering soil. Choose a sunny day so that the roots will become pliable when ex-

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HARP

posed to the sun’s rays. The plants may be allowed to remain exposed for several hours with- out being harmed.

A good way to break the clumps apart is to thrust two garden forks into the heart of the plant using the fork handles as: levers to pry it apart. The use of a knife should only be resorted to when the roots are thick and unyielding to the forks. The aim should _ be healthy three to five “eye” di- visions with adequate roots.

Peonies are long-lived plants, therefore special attention should be given to the prepara- tion of the soil. The site should be cleared of perennial weeds before planting is attempted. Quack grass can be a source of trouble if allowed to penetrate the roots of Peonies.

Each plant should have a hole about two feet across and a foot and a half deep. A few forkfuls of well-rotted barnyard manure is dug into the bottom of the hole covering this with good soil. The plant should be set so that the “eyes” are not more than two inches below the soil surface after the soil has been made very firm by tramping. Setting the plants too deeply will retard blooming as well as ag- gravate conditions conducive to disease.

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Reliable, easy-to-grow varie- ties include: Festiva Maximi (white) ; Couronne d’or (white); Karl Rosenfield (Red); Mary Brand (Red); ~Marie Crousse (Pink) ; Lamartine (Pink).

Bearded Iris —- The Bearded Iris may be safely moved in Au- ‘gust or early September. They are sun-loving — plants which must never be planted too deep or trouble from Rhizome rot will surely follow. Many of the new varieties are extremely beautiful _ but far more difficult to handle than the old-timers, however a few are noted here as being the most satisfactory: | Elmohi (rich purple) ; Louvois, (brown- ish); California-Gold (deep yel- low); Wabash (blue and white) ; Tiffany (Old Rose); (Yellow).

-. A few “inches of flax straw placed over the newly. planted Tris bed will provide a measure of winter comfort. Flax straw will not pack down like wheat or oat straw.

Tulips — Many Jouioliinte come to,hand of poor results _ with Tulip bulbs. The trouble in most instances may. be traced to winter injury following late planting in exposed positions where snow cover is inadequate. Tulips are perfectly hardy- in prairie gardens if their cultural requirements are understood.

First the bulbs should be pur-

chased from a reputable nur- seryman as soon as stocks are available. They usually appear on the market about the end of September. We have found at Morden that. the sooner the bulbs are in the ground the bet- ter.. The depth of planting

should not be more than six

inches or less than four; the shdilower planting’is best on the heavy soils. In any case a gen- erous cover of straw should be placed over,the bed before the ground freezes. -

Planting tulip bulbs in dry soil is another cause of poor success. A thorough soaking

should be given if soil conditions |

are dry, otherwise the bulbs will not root until spring. -Where bulbs have failed to root in the fall blooms will be poor and short-stemmed. A few choice varieties are listed here: Treas- ure island, Golden Measure,<Ny- phetos ‘(good yellows); Ivory Glory (solid white) ; Mark An- thony (maroon) ; Smiling Queen (pink).

Lilies — The endless variety of new lilies now offered for sale by the nurserymen have in- creased the popularity of these

useful garden plants. New de- |

partures in colors include subtle shades of rose pink and apricot hardy white trumpet lilies and rich reds of good substance.

Mid-September :is considered the best time to plant lilies,

though dormant bulbs may be |

safely transplanted in early spring. The soil must be well drained or bulbs will suffer from winter-killing. A friable loamy soil suits them best, but heavier

Ola Kala ‘

soils may be rendered suitable for growing lily bulbs by the addition of peat worked into the soil at planting time. Depth of planting is governed by the eee of the variety. Tall ones like L. henryi should be set from six to eight inches deep, while the smaller ones, like L. tenuifollum or L. cernuum, should be planted not more than four to six inches. The Turk’s Cap. lilies will tolerate a little shade and they resent being dis- turbed at the root. A good

plan is to place a few inches of coarse gravel beneath each bulb so that excess water is readily drained off. There are many orange colored varieties, many

Hiunouncing

Farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 29

of which are not distinctive. A few are worthy of inclusion in a lily planting.

Some of the newer lilies which have been noteworthy here at Morden include: Dunkirk (red), Nubian (dark red), Lemon Lady, Burnished Rose, Rose Charm, White Princess, White ete Jasper, Amaryllis, Apricot

ow.

Seasonable Hints

Dahlias —.The first frost usu- ally destroys the beauty of these tender plants and they should be cut down ready for lifting be- fore the ground freezes. Burn all tops of both Dahlias and

Gladioli as they harbour Thrips and Tarnish Plant Bugs.

Lawns — Clean the lawn mower and put it away. A good heavy growth of grass will give protection over winter. Before snow comes rake up leaves and debris from grass areas to lessen the chances of snow- mould in the spring.

Sweet Peas — If we are to grow really first-class sweet peas next summer, we must now give some thought to the prepar- ation of the trench. It should be at least two feet deep, mak- ing an excellent burial ground for garden refuse which may be forked into the bottom. .

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Page 30—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

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These huge

hog losses

can be prevented

HE Dominion Bureau of Sta- tistics show that an esti- mated 1,375,000 hogs were born in Alberta from December 1, 1953, to June 1, 1954. Of these 327,000 or 23% died before reaching market age.

These estimates are interest- ing and important in that they show that 268,000 or 82% of these deaths occurred before weaning. This represents a loss of over $3,000,000 to the Alberta hog industry when they are cal- culated at $10.00 each. (This is a low estimate as weaner pigs were selling as high as $18.00 each during that period.)

The diagnostic work at the Alberta Veterinary Laboratory where over 1,000 hogs are handled annually would indicate that at least 75% of baby pig losses could be prevented by better feeding and management. Too many men want a needle to cure all diseases. It has its place but it is not the main weapon, warns Dr. E. E. Ballantyne, Director of Veterinary Services, Alberta Department of Agricul- ture. The following are a few important items to remember. 1. Raising healthy pigs starts with the care of the pregnant sow. She needs proteins, min- erals and vitamins to help form the little pigs. If she’s not get- ting them the pigs will be weak and uneven in size. Many Al- berta farmers have improved the litters considerably by feed- ing good. green alfalfa, or 1 ounce of cod liver oil or a feed- ing oil daily to each sow during the last three months of preg- nancy and the nursing period.

. Don’t wait for the pigs to

-get pale ears from anemia, Dr.

Ballantyne advises. Give reduc- ed iron or an iron preparation on the 8rd, 10th and 17th days. A few drops of concentrated cod liver oil given each time the iron is given will supply adequate vitamin A.

3. Avoid oat hulls in the creep and at‘weaning time. They are the main cause of enteritis (in- flamation of the _ intestine) which shows up as scours, a kill- er of little pigs. Remove the hulls, or better still feed oat groats until the pigs are more mature.

4. Provide a dry bed for pigs of all agés. Pigs can stand a lot of cold but not cold and damp- ness which leads to pneumonia and possible death. Heat lamps are a great aid ‘in keeping little pigs warm and dry.

5. Consult your District Agri-

culturist and Veterinarian con- cerning proper rations for preg- nant sows, creep feeding, wean- ed pigs. A bulletin on Baby Pig Diseases is available from these professional men.

6. Call your veterinarian im- mediately for a diagnosis when pigs get sick. The cause may be due to feeding but it may also be due to an infection. Getting the proper treatment started early will save many pigs.

Creep feeding | Suckling pig

GMALL pigs begin to eat solid

food at about three weeks of age. At this stage, it is ad- vantageous to provide a pro- tected area for them where they can be fed easily-digested feeds that are low in fibre. Farm grains are highly satisfactory for this purpose provided suit- able precautions have been taken to reduce the fibre con- tent. Fibre has no feeding value for young “pigs and, if harsh in nature, may actually cause digestive troubles. Unless the hulls are removed, oat chop contains too much fibre for young pigs. A large portion of the hulls can be removed easily by sifting the chop through or- dinary door screen, thus pro- viding an excellent feed of low fibre content for young pigs.

At the Experimental Farm, Brandon, where creep feeding has been a standard practice for many years, a feed made up of 27 parts sifted oat chop, 27 parts sifted barley chop, 26 parts wheat chop, and 20 parts protein supplement, has been used since 1942 with satisfac- tory results.

A satisfactory creep can be made in almost any pen by placing across one corner a bar- ricade which will permit the passage of small pigs but ex- cludes the sow from a protected area where the suckling pigs can be given supplemental feeds in a trough or self-feeder.

Among the advantages of creep feeding, the following should be mentioned: preven- tion of excessive drain on the sow, maintenance of uniformity in litter, lowered mortality, and continued rapid growth of litter. In addition, getting the pigs ac-~ customed to solid feed at an early age minimizes the chance ef a set-back at weaning:

‘Summer Mystery

: Handling cut roughage

Eee roughage can be stored outside for one year, with- out cover, with very little spoil- age, At the Experimental Station, Swift Current, 80 to 90

tons of cut roughage have been .-

stored each year.in a crib made of 1-inch mesh link wire. The forage has been well rounded at the. top to shed water. It has been used by early summer each year.,and little or no spoilage has occurred in this time. For cutting with the forage harves- ter the hay must be dryer than when it is mixed-as loose hay.

If so desired, grain can be

mxed with the roughage when |

it is being blown into the stack. This: eliminates the labor of separate grain feeding during the winter. A disadvantage is that it is impossible to control the ‘amount of grain fed with the same degree of accuracy as when it is fed by itself. When this cut roughage in the feed lot was accomplished more quickly and easily than with either baled or loose hay. It does not lend itself to feeding in the open as the loss from wind and tramp- ing is too great. If it is fed in mangers or bunks, this loss is greatly reduced. When fed in this manner cut roughage is used more efficiently than other forms as the animals are unable to separate the palatable leafy portions from the coarser stems. Vertically slatted feed racks are not recommended as consider- able loss of good forage occurs with each bite the animal takes.

Wild oats

ARGILL Incorporated, the biggest grain company in

the United States, was charged by the Commodity Exchange Authority for driving down the price of oats to its profit in 1951 and 1952, thus interfering with the government’s price support program. The company agreed ,to a consent decree ‘hat bars it

Photo by Don Smith.

from trading in oat futures for the rest of the year.

Time, the weekly news maga- zine, says. that what Cargill did was to go “short” on oat fu- tures. That is, sell oats for fu- ture delivery in the expectation that prices would drop. The Commodity Exchange Author- ity said that atone time Car- gill was short 3144 million bush- els though. regulations permit maximum contracts of only 3 million bushels. At the same time, the Commodity Exchange Authority is said to have stated: “Cargill Grain Company Ltd., a “wholly owned Canadian subsi- diary, was buying oats futures on the Winnipeg Grain Ex- ‘change and contracting to sell the oats to the parent company in the U.S. :

The C.H.A. charged that Car- -gill falsified its books by listing

these contracts as cash pur- chases in order to balance them off against the excessive short sales. The heavy short sales are said to have depressed the fu- tures price of oats. When the time came for Cargill to de- liver, C.E.A. charged, the Cana- dian company shipped in grdin, further driving down the U.S. price. With the imports of the oats bought at lower prices, Car- gill is alleged to have covered its short position, that is, delivered the grain that it had contracted to sell earlier.

Farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 31

‘ ‘ ie

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Page 32—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review =

GLAMOROUS

SWEET CHOCOLATE ;

Bake it with

MAGIC - and serve it with pride!

~Hene’s A CAKE that’s full of bright idéas . . . with personality written all over it! You’ve a right to be proud when it’s your very own baking . . . faultless in form, texture, and flavor, thanks to Magic!

Your table’s never short of variety if you’re a Magic cook! Dependable Magic helps your‘ creativeness . . . keeps people praising a new success! Make sure of

your supply of Magic for your next baking.

! Costs less than I¢ per average baking!

SWEET CHOCOLATE SPLASH CAKE

2 cups sifted cake flour 3 tsps. Magic Baking Powder.

I tsp. salt

10 thsps. butter or margarine

2 eggs, well beaten

1 cup fine granulated _ sugar

24 cup milk

1 tsp. vanilla

2% ounces unsweetened chocolate

2 thsps. milk

Grease two 8-inch round layer-cake pans and line bottoms with greased paper. Preheat oven to 375° (moderately hot). Sift flour, Muse Baking Powder and salt together three times. Cream butter or margarine; gradually blend in sugar. Add well-beaten eggs part at a time, beating well after each addition. Measure the #4 cup milk and add vanilla. Add flour mixture to creamed mixture about a quarter at a time, alter- nating with three additions of milk and vanilla and combin- ing lightly after edch addition. Turn half of the batter into one prepared pan. Melt 1% ounces of the chocolate over hot water; stir the melted chocolate and the 2 tbsps. milk into remaining batter and turn into second pan. Bake in pre- heated oven about 30 minutes. Put cold cakes together with part of the following Boiled Frosting, having chocolate layer on top; frost all over with remaining frosting. When frosting is set, melt the remaining 1 ounce chocolate over hot water and let drip on top of cake.

BOILED FROSTING—1¥4 cups granulated sugar; % cup water; 14

tsps. nega 3 egg whites; 1 tsp. vanilla. Stirring until the. sugar

dissolves, boil sugar, water and vinegar until the syrup reaches 238°

(or until a little syrup will form a soft ball when dropped into cold

water). Beat egg iwhites until stiff but pot dry; gra ually beat in

syrup; beat constantly until frosting holds its shape. Beat in vanilla. se immediately. a

Aunt Sal Suggests...

] KNOW that on the day that

school reopens for the fall term I'll be sitting on my front porch watching the many chil- dren as they troop by on their way. It won’t be hard to pick out the little “beginners” ... bless their, little hearts. The wonder and half-fright shining in their eyes tugs at one’s heart. And oh how clean they will all look! But even the older chil- dren will be spick and span from head to toe. They’ll likely. re- vert to their former careless slouchy carelessness later on... but not to-day.

And_now I'll dip into my mail bag and pick out several letters that kind readers have seen fit to send my way during the past month. : ;

Mrs. R. C. W., from Weyburn, Sask., shares one of her favorite pickle recipes with us. I hope you haven’t “put down” all yours yet for, like myself, I know you'll want to try this one. It is very different. *

Sweet. Dill Sliced Pickles 12 unpeeled cukes cut into one-half-inch slices. Place in salt water for 2 hours. Make the brine in proportion of 1 cup salt to 16 cups water.

Here is the Syrup: 114_ pts. vinegar, 11% lbs. sugar, 1 tblsp. salt, 1 tsp. tumeric, 1 tsp. celery seed, 1 tsp. mustard seed. Boil syrup then put in drained cuke slices and let simmer five min- utes. Place a few stalks of dill into each jar, also pinch of alum in each jar. Seal and do net try for six weeks. :

‘Instead of the dill plant you can use oil of dill bought at your druggist’s. Last year I told you to use 2 drops to each quart. That was not strong enough, so allow 2 drops to each pint.

The same lady from Weyburn gave us.a fine idea when canning pickled beets. To prevent them from losing their, lovely red color use the water in which the beets have been cooked instead of plain water, I generally allow about equal amounts of water and vinegar for my beets. You likely have your own favorite beet pickle recipe, so I won't give you another. But try using the “beet water’ ... at least in part of them and see how you like it. Fee spe

Mrs. L. S., of Kelsey, Alta., writes in asking for a repeat on the relish I gave you last Sep- tember that was so easy to make as one could combine it all in one container for preparation. I'll gladly repeat this for I want everyone (and I know we have new readers right- along), to have this recipe and try it. I made two batches last year and gave some of it away as gifts and it seemed to “hit the spot” with everyone. You can either cut up. all ingredients very fine or put through food grinder. It is good both ways. But do you know that I omitted the salt last year ... and here’s where the ioke comes in, only one reader

checked me up on the omission. Maybe you just took the salt for granted!

Green Tomato Relish

Cut up fine (or grind) these ingredients: 3 qts. green toma- toes, 1 small cauliflower, 5 medi- um-sized cukes, 5 large onions, 3 green peppers and cover with 14 cup coarse salt. Let stand over night. _Next morning stir in 1 quart cold water. Drain well. Then add these: 3 large chop- ped tart apples, 4 cups white sugar, 4 cups white vinegar, 4 - tsp. cayenne, 2 tblsps. celery seeds, 3.tblsps. mustard seeds, 1 tsp. tumeric, 144 tblsp. pickling salt.

Heat to boiling, stirring until sugar dissolves. Boil gently un- covered, stirring frequently un- til sugar dissolves. Boil gently uncovered, stirring frequently until thickened ... about hours. Fill hot, sterile jars.

I do like to get your comments on recipes . . .and not all com- ments can be complimentary, so . I wasn’t surprised when Mrs. M. W. wrote in about the jelly roll recipe I gave you in last July issue. She says there was too much sugar. She just used the %4 cups mentioned and didn’t use the additional 4% cup called ~ for. .Let me explain... the second portion of ‘sugar was confectionery. sugar to sprinkle on the jelly roll before you roll- ed it up. You're right, Mrs. W. the. 34 cup is sufficient for the cake batter.

During recent months I have. mentioned recipes and hints that could be employed when cooking for a diabetic member of the family.- In. fact, I put out an 8.0.8. to you readers to please send in any such ideas sol could - share them with those who wanted these. “Quite a number of fine letters have now come in and I-do want to thank all those who took the time and trouble to write me. Instead of placing these in this column (where they really would consume a lot of space), I’ve decided to cull the best ideas from each letter and combine them into one. I'll have these mimeographed and all those who desire a copy can get it by writing me and enclos- ing a stamped, self-addressed envelope. I can’t get this ready before October 15th, but any time after that date, don’t be timid about writing in if you have this problem in your home.

Don’t you love new attractive ideas? Well, I'm pretty sure you do. I was talking on the telephone this morning with an upholsterer and asking his help - on a certain question that had come my way and right out of the blue he asked: ‘You know that we’re upholstering pianos now?’ And then he went on to tell me about this new form of art. It was surely a new one on me, but I’m looking forward to seeing them just the same.

Bye bye for now .. . and every good wish. Te

Aunt Sal.

: | ountry. Diary

id ae year has crept up to its summer peak and now, with shorter shadows, begins -to go down the slope leading precipi- tously to the winter depths when it is dark in the morning at rising-time, and dark again in the late afternoon’ when chores begin. ae But too early to dwell on win- ter! Just now young faces are shining with the anticipation and excitement of the return to school, whether the halls of learning be on a city street or a country road. I think many of the young fry are finding holi- days a little monotonous and are looking forward to a new adventure, just as it isa fact that eternal summer would cloy and ‘endless blue skies become tedious. The sapphire is Sep- tember’s birth-stone. The an- cient Persians had the fantastic belief that the planet Earth rested on a gigantic sapphire, the sky being a mirror reflecting its radiant blue — and sapphire well describes the azure of Sep- tember’s sky. To bring in a bit of horoscope, those born in Sep- tember are credited with the gift of clear thinking and keen reasoning.

To the ancients, the Golden Age — the land of Utopia of many years later — always lay

behind. It was a theme for the aged and the symbol of nostal- gia. We in Alberta do not need to look back over our shoulder for the Golden Age; it lies all about us in September, material and natural. This month, in- deed, is the one time of year when we can count upon mellow weather, golden sunshine and kindly skies. April dallied, May was. difficult with cold winds, June was capricious and even July and August did not come up to expectation. But here is September the constant one.. If summer has been kind, Septem- ber crowns that beneficence, and if unkind she usually makes compensation.

te,

Fhe. Dishpan

to be.

oe Se ee ee ee ee ee ie ee ie Oe Se oe ie ie

hae: city lady may regard the country woman’s life as

hard. Well-so it is, but I can see it easier than it used And certainly the rural life with many benefits is rife. For instance country children find new interests of a useful kind as seasons come and seasons go which city children never know, and grow up strictly to rely on their own efforts to get by. Poor city children often play on crowded streets from day to day, and soon they learn to depend for fun on what they have to spend.

And countrywomen settled down among the noises of the town must often yearn for the sleep, all wrapped in silence dark and deep, from which refreshed and strong they rose — the city holds no such repose.

Farm and Ranch Review—September, 1954—Page 33

In September, the four sea- sons merge and become com- posite in a brief union. Early mornings are sheer autumn, misted, damp, but by noon when the warm sun shines and the few lingering birds sing their farewell; Spring returns, unin-

‘tentionally deceptive. High sum-

mer itself comes back in the afternoons, blue and perfect and brief; and by nightfall old win- ter, keen, ruthless, dark has closed the pageant whose finale we celebrate by hearth fires, drawn curtains and home enter- tainment.

September is the afternoon of the year. One of these days the poplars and willows will take on a golden tint as young Autumn experiments .with his paint-

brush, not skilfully at first, for- “he is just a novice, working with

e pee TR RRR oR eRe ee eR Re RR eR eR RR OR ROE RRR RS,

Philosopher

ee ee ie oe ee ee ee ee oe et

ee eS ee ee ee Sn ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee oe eb ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Oe ee en

a single color, splashing yellow on the trees, brightening their sombre green to gold. Later Jack Frost will take a hand, mixing his paints artistically,

“smearing his palette and work-

ing in the richer shades of

orange and rust and crimson,

Flavor makes

NABOB _ the most popular coffee in the West!

— :

or:

One

NEEDS NO REFRIGERATION

Basic Dough!

= Make these treats. with new Active Dry Yeast

from

Tf your family enjoys whole-wheat bread, give them not one but three treats next time you bake! See how Fleischmann’s Active Dry Yeast helps you to serve a variety of. tempting things with no extra trouble. When you bake at home, make sure you

Basic WHOLE WHEAT Dough

Scald 3% cups milk ¥Y cup granulated sugar 4Y2 teaspoons salt Vs cup shortening . Remove from heat and cool fo lukewarm. In the meantime, measure into a large bow! ~¥% cup lukewarm water 1 tablespoon granulated sugar tnd stir until sugar is dissolved. Sprinkle with contents of 3 envelopes Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast 3 ; Let stand 10 minutes, THEN stir well. Stir in lukewarm milk mixture.

have Fleischmann’s on hand.

Stir in 6 cups whole wheat flour and beat until smooth and elastic; work in 4 cups more (about) whole wheat flour

Turn out on board sprinkled with whole wheat flour and knead dough lightly until smooth and elastic. Place in a greased bowl and grease fop of dough. Cover and set dough in a warm’place, free from draught, and let | rise until: doubled in bulk. Turn out dough on lightly-floured board and knead 10 minutes. Divide into 3 equal portions and finish as follows,

1. WHOLE WHEAT BREAD

- Shape one portion of dough into a loaf and fit into a greased loaf pan about 414 by 8} inches. Grease top. Cover and let rise until just doubled in bulk. Bake in moderately hot oven, 375°, 35 to 40 minutes, covering loaf with heavy brown paper after first 15 minutes of baking.

2. PAN BUNS

Cut one portion of dough into 16 equal-sized pieces. Shape each piece _ into a smooth round ball and arrange

in a greased 8-inch square cake pan. Grease tops. Cover and let rise until

doubled in bulk. Bake in moderately hot oven, 375°, about 30 minutes, covering buns with heavy brown paper after first 15 minutes of baking.

3. SALAD OR WIENER ROLLS

Cut one portion of dough into 12 equal-sized pieces. Shape each piece into a slim roll 4 to 5 inches long. Place, well apart, on greased cookie sheets. Grease tops. Cover and let rise until doubled in bulk. Bake in moderately hot oven, 375°, about 20 minutes. Split rolls and fill with salad or heated wieners.

| Page 34—September, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review.

HERE are’ some recipes that

are well worth trying on - your family, and on company, | too! They are easy to make, de- licious to eat, and are likely to turn into real standbys for you!

Hamburger Treat

_tb. ground beef

cup uncooked rice

cup chopped onion

cup chopped celery

cups tomatoes, cooked or canned tsps. salt

tsp. pepper ga

tsp. sugar

NW! Gilpha |

RK W

CONTAINER

ABELL UWL Ln

ate wen Be 8?

What a difference! Now ALPHA MILK, protected by the tin with

* the golden lining, tastes so much more like cream . . . with a true, rich, natural flavor. Buy VACU- UM-PACKED ALPHA MILK for baby... baking... toppings, too! -

' 4. tsp. Worcestershire sauce 1 cup meat stock (or boullion)

-Brown,rice slowly in 2 tblsps. of hot lard, in a heavy skillet, stirring often. Add onion, celery and ground beef and brown lightly, then add rest of ingredi- ents, cover and simmer until rice is tender — about 45 minutes. Season to taste.

Criss-Cross Hash Patties 3 cups of hash (beef, canned or home-made cornbeef) Catsup or chili sauce 12 (\4-inch) strips of processed cheese 6 stuffed olives, sliced

Pack hash in round. cans (pound-size is best) and chill, then remove from can and slice three slices. Place these patties on a shallow pan and broil until lightly browned. Spread each:

patty with catsup or chili sauce,,

top with two strips of cheese: placed criss-cross, and broil un-: til _cheese is slightly melted then garnish with sliced olives. Yummy Hot Dogs

Cut slits in long buns and spread buns with butter. Pan- fry the franks in a little hot fat until lightly browned. Place in: buns and top with hot chili con carne, either with or without beans added on top.

By LO

oe eS

Whether you serve the Hamburger Skillet Treat, the Criss-Cross Hash Patties

Worth trying! -

UISE PRICE BELLE

or Yummy Hot Dogs you’re sure to score a hit!

Pineapple Lime Molds 2 packages of lime-flavored gelatin 2 cups hot water 1 cup sour cream 2 cups undrained pineapple

Let’s Ask Aunt

He old, old saying told us, “Variety is the spice of life.” If that, is still true then I’ve surely received my full quota of spice this past month. Your questions really did touch on everything from A to Z.

Q.: Our refrigerator stands close to the range and it has be- come somewhat scorched. Is there any way to remove this? (This appeared in the July is- sue. Since then I received the following letter):

A.: We had a fire in our home: and much of our furniture, in- cluding the refrigerator became badly scorched. My husband got some liquid that is just called “rubbing compound” and he was able to revive the, finish on everything.

Q.: I have half a case of fac-

tory canned strawberries that were left in an empty house and became frozen. Is it Safe to eat this fruit? . A.: If the seal has not been spoiled or the cans bulged, then by gradual thawing the contents are still edible.

Q.: Could you tell me where to buy Delphia shortening? — (Mrs, A:.H., Cabri, Sask.)

A.: That really is a new one on me. I have contacted many food and meat stores and none of them had ever heard of it. If I do run across it, Pll write you personally at once.

B.: I have been putting eggs ™

down in waterglass’ (for first

time), but now the whole pre- | paration has got so thick and it.

has an unpleasant odor. Have I done something wrong, or is

Sal es ¢

that the way it is supposed to be? — (Mrs. J. H.)

A.: Lonly used waterglass for eggs twice and I remember it did become rather slimy, but I don’t recall any bad odor. Did you keep the crock closely- covered?

[think I would take out the eggs - to make sure that one has not

broken. (Note: I will welcome any comments on this ques- tion.)

Q.: Could you please give mea recipe for a solution for blowing bubbles. I have bought some, but it was very expensive and the spray got in the children’s eyes. — (Mrs. J. A.,, Langley Prairie, B.C.)

A.:You could add a little gly- cerine to warm water and beat it up, adding more until it is as bubbly as you want. But I think an even better idea would be to buy a bottle of this new baby shampoo, your druggist can sell

Dissolve gelatin in hot water, chill until partially set, then stir in sour cream and pineapple. Pour into individual molds and chill until firm. Unmold and serve with coldcuts.

you. It is guaranteed not to hurt baby’s eyes and it really does bubble.

Q.: What is the best way to wash baby’s diapers. I have been using detergents but wonder if that was what caused the baby to